1821.7 Births-Marriages-Deaths. Sept. 21. At Tamerton, Cornwall, the lady of Col. 28. At her father's house, Bedale, Yorkshire, the At East Bourne, Sussex, the lady of R. Robert- 6. In Great James-street, Bedford-row, the lady of Edward Holroyd, Esq. a daughter. 8. At Adbury-place, Berkshire, the lady of Sir James Fellowes, a son. 9. At the Bishop of Chester's Palace, Chester, 10. In Upper Bedford-place, Russell-square, the 15. At Camberwell, the lady of Charles Jardine, 16. At Walmer, the lady of Rear Admiral Harvey, -At Landue, Cornwall, the lady of Thos. John 17. In Upper Grosvenor-street, the lady of Dr. -At Loudai-hall, Suffolk, Lady Sophia Macdonald, a son. 19. In Great Ormond-street, Queen-square, Mrs. Duff, four fine children, three boys and one girl. MARRIAGES. Sept. 22. Henry Carter, Esq. of Parliament-st. Lately, Charles Dormer, Esq. son of the late Jas. 28. At St. George's, Hanover-square, Thomas Oct. 1. At Whippingham, Isle of Wight, Lieut. 2. At St. James', Westminster, Major Jas. Hack- VOL. IV. 6. At St. James's Church, by the Rev. Chas. Jas. -H. W. Sober, Esq. of White Stanton, Somerset, At St. George's, Hanover square, Henry Fisher 9. At St. John's Church, Chester, Mr. Robert 10. At Mary-le-bone Church, B. R. Haydon, Esq. 13. At Llannorthe, Monmouthshire, John Haw- -At Atterdon Church, Kent, the Hon. Captain 16. At St. James's Church, John Paul Bedford, -At Ansley, Warwickshire, John Chetwode, Esq. eldest son of Sir John Chetwode, bart. of Oakley, Staffordshire, and nephew to the Earl of Stamford, to Elizabeth Juliana, eldest daughter of John Newdigate Ludford, Esq. DCL, of Ansley-hall. At Valleyfield, John Hay, Esq. jun. of Smithfield, By the Rev. John Mackenzie, DD. the Lord Edward Chichester, second son of the Marquis of Donegal, to Amelia Diana, daughter of Henry Deane Grady, Esq. of Merrion-square, Dublin. ABROAD. At Guernsey, Thos. Carey, Esq. of Rozel, in that At Leghorn, by the Rev. Thos. Hall, Chaplain to At Leghorn, John Christie, Esq. of Hoddesdon, DEATHS. Sept. 20. In Wigmore-street, Gen. And. Cowell, formerly of the Coldstream Guards, in his 60th year. 21. At Hampstead, after but a few minutes ill- 2S tia, and for many years a Magistrate of that County. 22. At Southwick Park, Mary Anne, the wife of -At his house, Alsop's-place, Regent's Park, -At Highbury-park, in his 71st year, Benjamin 23. At the house of her brother, Viscount Clif- 24. At Boxley-house, in Kent, in her 66th year, Mrs. Frances Marsham, aunt to the Earl of Romney. 26. At Storrington, Sussex, Colonel H. Bishopp, youngest son of old Sir Cecil Bishopp, Bart. of Parham-park, in the same county. 27. At Cullompton, Mrs. Haunah Palmer, widow -At Greenwich, in his 63d year, Lieut. Col. Wm. Lately at Orielton, the seat of Sir John Owen, 29. Aged 78, Jas. Donnithorne, Esq. of Somerset- 30. After a long illness, John Hewson, MD. of Oct. 1. At Plymouth, George Henry Strutt, Esq. of 4. At his house in Stamford-street, in his 61st -At Newport, Isle of Wight, aged 92, Samuel Bailey. This individual by excessive parsi. mony, amassed upwards of 10,0001. yet his appearance was always that of a beggar; and his manner of living was equally wretched. He has left a widow and four sons, between whom he has divided his property. 6. At Worcester, in consequence of an apoplectic attack, with which he was seized at the cathedral the preceding day, daring one of the musical performances, in which he was employed as a singer, Mr. John Griffiths. He fell back in his seat during the time that Mr. Vaughan was singing "Gentle Airs;" and was carried out and bled but with no effect, continuing in a senseless state until the time he expired, about 4 o'clock on the afternoon of the 6th. He was one of the most powerful bass singers ever heard; and was some years ago engaged in that capacity at the Covent Garden Oratorios. He has been a member of the Worcester Choir upwards of thirty years. At Rosehill-house, near Southampton, in her 47th year, Harriet, wife of Charles Plunkett, Esq. and third daughter of the late W. Villebois, Esq. of Felthamn-place, Middlesex. 7. Suddenly, while riding in her carriage, Mrs. Williams, of Craig-y-du, Anglesea, the lady of Owen Williams, Esq. MP. for Marlow. 8. At Hastings, in Sussex, in his 434 year, Francis Fred. North, Esq. of that place, and of Hougham, in Norfolk. 11. Of an enlargement of the heart, aged 18, Ho ratio Nelson Matcham, second son of George Matcham, Esq. and nephew to the late Admiral Lord Viscount Nelson, and the present Earl. Oct. 12. After two years painful illness, aged 69, Wm. Augus, Esq. an eminent historical and landscape engraver. IN SCOTLAND. At Greenlaw-1ouse, Galloway, Lady Gordon, wife of Si Alexander Gordon, of Culvennon. IN IRELAND. At his house, Turner's Grove, county of Armagh, aged 55, Arthur Kay, Esq, a magistrate of the county and captain of the Armagh regiment of On his way to his residence in the county of Cavan, Col. Sankey, of the Royal City of Dublin regt. of militia. The Colonel was one of the senior aldermen of the corporation of Dublin, and has commanded the militia of the city ever since 1793. ABROAD. At Constantinople, on his travels, aged 27, J. At Dinapore, Bengal (29th March), Col. Alexan- At Rome, in his 80th year, Sir Walter Synnot, Bart. At Lisbon, Lady Maria J. Macdonell, widow of At Madrid, Lieut. Thomas Attwood, son of T. At Calcutta, aged 68, Colonel Colin Mackenzie, LONGEVITY. In Fairfax county, America, Mr. Robert Thomas, In Campbell county, Virginia (May 17), aged 121 At Palmerston, near Limerick, Mrs. Buckner, widow of the late Mr. Thomas Buckner, at the extraordinary age of 112 years. She retained her faculties to the last, and was able, until a few days prior to her decease, to superintend her domestic affairs. So little was her memory impaired, that she had a full recollection of the death of Queen Anne, and lived to witness five reigns, one of which, itself, extended to the usual age of man. At Holloway-head, near Northwick, at the extraordinary age of 121 years, and in the full possession of all his faculties, Mr. John Maddos. Aged 100 years and five months, Barbara Humble, of the Dog-bank, Newcastle. 1821. At Pilrig Avenue, Leith-walk, in his 1024 year, Jas. Allison, a native of Gorgunnock, in Stirlingshire, and a gardener by profession. Although upwards of 40 when he first married, he buried three wives, and lived to see the fourth generation of his descendants. His memory ECCLESIASTICAL PREFERMENTS, &c. The Rev. T. Erskine, AM. son of J. F. Erskine, Esq. of Mar, and chaplain to the Right hon. Lord Abercromby, instituted to the vicarage of Beighton, in the county of Derby, vacant by the death of the Rev. Richard Morton, on the presentation of the Right Hon. Earl Manvers.-The Rev. Henry Wray Whinfield, to the rectory of Battlesdon-cum-Potgrove, Northamptonshire.-The Rev. Charles Mackie, MA. to the rectory of Quarley.-The Rev. B. Crutwell, LLB., to the rectory of Sparksnall, Suffolk.-The Rev. L. Brown, BA. to the rectory of Thorrington, Suffolk.-The Rev. W. Cockburn, to the rectory of Tilbridge, Devon-The Rev. W. J. Farrington, to the rectory of Tilbridge, Devon. -The Rev. J. Wetherall, LLB., appointed one of the Prebendaries of Hereford Cathedral.-The Bishop of Bristol has appointed the Rev. S. Seyer rural dean of his diocese.-The Rev. H. Law, BA. Fellow of St. John's, Cambridge, and son of the Bishop of Chester, has been collated by his Lord- OXFORD.-The Rev. Geo. W. Hall, DD. Master of Pembroke College, after being previously nominated by the Right Hon. Lord Grenville, Chancellor to the University, to be Vice-Chancellor for the year ensuing, was invested with that office, in full convocation; after which he nominated his Pro-Vice-Chancellors, viz. the Rev. Thomas Lee, DD. President of Trinity College, the Rev. Frodsham Hodson, DD. Principal of Brazenose College; the Rev. Richard Jenkyns, DD. Master of Balliol College; and the Rev. John Collier Jones, DD. Rector of Exeter College. CAMBRIDGE.-Wm. Joseph Bayne, Esq. BA. of Trinity College, elected a Fellow of that Society. -The circumstance of there being only one vacancy at the annual election of Fellows, has not happened before for upwards of 30 years. THE harvest has been now so far completed in all but the extreme northern parts of the country, that a fair estimate can be formed of its productiveness; and there can remain no doubt that in bulk The it is greatly beyond the average.. sample, as we had before stated, consists of varieties of cold and damp, and mixed and sound corn. Yet we have not the smallest hesitation as to the growth and stock being abundantly more than sufficient for the consumption of the year. There is not, nor has there ever been, the smallest chance of the ports opening, except some grand manoeuvre be played off, to which we cannot imagine any power possessed by individuals to be adequate, in the present state of knowledge and of the press. For observe how the slight rise that took place about a month since affected the market. In the weeks ending Sept. 22 and 29, and Oct. 6, and 13; 27,436 quarters of English wheat, 15,110, 20,210, and 13,783, arrived coastwise at the port of London, while the several markets of the kingdom indicated a like redundant supply. During the year 1818, the foreign and English average supplies jointly, were not 12.000 quarters weekly; and in no instance of late years has such a vast quantity of English growth come at once into Mark Lane, as during these weeks. A great proportion too is of old wheat. We consider these as strong symptoms of that surplus which we believe to exist. We have lately travelled over the country in many directions, and never do we remember such a congregation of stacks These as is now every where to be seen. appearances only corroborate the expectations naturally to be formed from the excitement towards agriculture of so many years of high prices, from the vast breadth of enclosures, and the immense improvements in the science itself. All these conspired to raise the expectation of the increase, which is now brought to the proof by the facts of the season. It has long been suspected, that portions of foreign wheat have been smuggled out of the warehouses, under the King's Lock. In one case, we understand, this suspicion has been very recently proved to be well founded, viz. at Bridlington, in Yorkshire; where, either by collusion with the officers of excise, or by their neglect or folly, a considerable quantity has actually been removed. There is great reason to believe that similar practices exist in other quarters, and the landed interest could not do better than to petition the Board of Trade to cause the same officer of the customs who was employed in the investigation of this affair, to survey all the warehouses where foreign grain is deposited. have the surest grounds for believing that frauds of various kinds, to the same intent, viz. the introduction of foreign wheat into the home market, would be detected. We The wheat sowing is now beginning, and agriculturists of high note have published the results of various experiments, relative to the prevention of smut in wheat. Amongst others, Sir John Sinclair, and Mr. Blaikie, the highly respected steward of J. W. Coke, Esq. claim from their rank in practical science the first regard. Sir John advocates the use of blue vitriol (sulphate of copper) as pickle, and he gives the following recipe for its use: "After dissolving five pounds' weight of the sulphate of copper, or blue vitriol, in hot water, add as much cold water as may be sufficient to cover three 252 a bushels of wheat. Let the wheat be gradually passed through a riddle, in order that all the light grains may swim on the surface, and be skimmed off. Stir the wheat repeatedly, that it may be effectually cleared of all the light grains; let the wheat continue in the liquid for five or six hours, or it may remain even longer, without risk. It should then be taken out, and thrown upon the floor. If it is to be sown broadcast, it should be crusted with lime in the usual way; but if intended for drilling, it should be stirred about, for five or six hours in dry weather, or double that time in moist; or by the use of a fanner, it will soon become perfectly dry; it may then be drilled with as much facility as grain that had not undergone any operation. After from six to nine bushels have passed through this operation, then add one pound of the sulphate for every three bushels, until thirty bushels have been used, when the liquor has probably become so foul or turbid, that a fresh quantity of the preparation should be made ready. "The advantages to be derived from the use of this specific are very great: 1. The expense is but trifling, the price of blue vitriol not exceeding from 6d. to 8d. or 10d. per lb. Five pounds will be sufficient for nine bushels, or from 6d. to 10d. or 1s. per acre, according to the price of the vitriol, and the quantity of seed sown; and after being used, the water may be evaporated, and the remains of the sulphate will again crystallize: 2. Liming is not necessary; and in many places, lime recently slaked cannot be had: 3. The grain may afterwards be kept with safety for some time: 4 The plant is so strengthened, that it is less liable to be lodged, or to suffer from other disorders besides smut; and, 5. This plan is much superior, in point of cleanliness, to those disgusting processes that are usually recommended for the same purpose. "The grain should be perfectly dry before the solution of vitriol is applied.' Mr. Blaikie's remarks are much more extended, and are published in a small pamphlet. This gentleman takes up the subject under the impression, that last year has produced a far greater proportion of smutted wheat than is usual, and that as smut is contagious in the seed, the consequences may be vastly spread and prolonged by the injudicious or incautious use of smutted seed. Mr. B. thinks thorough washing an useful precaution, and the process of pickling an indispensable one. His recommendations are as follow: "First, put a quantity of clean water into the tub or cistern sufficient to cover all the wheat seed intended to be put into it, about three or four inches deep; then pour the wheat very gently into the water, and this operation is best performed by shaking the wheat through a riddle into the water; the seeds of weeds, balls of smut, and light corn, will then float on the surface, and may be skimmed off at pleasure, for the perfect corn only will descend to the bottom: after the refuse has been carefully skimmed off, the wheat should be well stirred up, and, if the water appears turbid or foul, it should be poured off, and more clean water added, and the wheat again stirred up; this process should be repeated until the wheat appears clean, which is denoted by the water being quite clear when poured off-the wheat should then be put into the pickle previously prepared for it. "I prefer that of salt water made sufficiently strong to float a fresh or new laid hen's egg, and I recommend that application, not because it is the oldest practice (though I confess I am a great stickler in defence of many ancient husbandry practices, without meaning to undervalue the greater part of what I call modern improvements in the practice of the first and most honourable of arts), I approve of the salt-water steep because it is not only very effective, but there is no risk attending the use of it, and the expence has also become trifling since the reduction of the duty upon adulterated salt when used for husbandry purposes. The wheat seed should be well stirred about in the pickle, and the refuse rising to the surface of the salt water skimmed off; if the grain or kernel is quite sound it may be let remain in a brine of this description for the space of twelve hours, without danger of receiving any injury; but raw or damp samples should not be hazarded so long in the pickle. When the wheat is taken out of the pickle and laid upon a floor, it should then be well mixed up with quick lime, and spread upon the floor to dry; if the weather prove wet, or any other impediment occur to prevent the pickled wheat being sown in due time, it should be spread thin upon the floor and turned frequently.-Wheat pickled in salt water may, with proper attention to spreading thin, turning, and admitting a free circulation of air, be kept for several weeks without sustaining any injury, and this is one great advantage of the common salt pickle over urine or other alkali pickles. Whether prepared or not, the seed will still be liable to contract the disease by inocula tion upon farms where there had recently been any smutted wheat upon the premises." In addition to these processes Mr. Blaikie earnestly advises sundry precautions to prevent the spread of the infection. He says, that clean, or even pickled wheat, put into sacks which have recently contained smutted wheat, will be infected. He urges the necessity of cleaning barn floors, and washing them with urine, and crusting them with quicklime, before the seed wheat is laid upon them. Green manure taken from the barn door, where smutted wheat has been threshed, will, he says, infect the seed sown. He further considers the disease as caused by an insect, the eggs of which adhere to the seed; and recommends that the rising ear be observed as soon as it issues from the sheath; and he avers that "if no infection ascends with the ear from the root, there will be no smut in the produce." These assertions are such as to challenge, by their usefulness, the most minute regard of the scientific agriculturist. Mr. Blaikie extends his remarks to the nature of seed, and recommends kiln dry ing as an excellent and certain mode of rendering damp corn fit for seed, where sound is not to be procured. He says, "kiln drying damp seed wheat tends in some degree to destroy smut infection; but the greatest advantage derived from the practice is, hardening the kernel, and thereby rendering it less liable to be injured by any of the usual processes of pickling, or other dressing for the prevention of smut. "This is a matter of great importance, and is well worthy of the wheat grower's particular attention. "Urine pickle is very generally used in some districts for the prevention of smut it is effective, but dangerous, and should never be used without great caution, for it not only destroys the embryo of the smut insect but the germ of the wheat also, unless care is taken to counteract its effects. There is greater danger in using stale than fresh urine pickle; and it is said that the alkali in the urine of cows, and some other brute animals, is much stronger than in human urine; if so, there is still greater danger in using the former than the latter pickles for seed wheat. "Wheat seed pickled in urine should be sown as soon after the operation as possible; the earth absorbs the pernicious properties of the alkali, and the germ of the wheat kernel is thereby preserved. On the other hand, if left only a few hours out of the ground after the pickling operation is performed, the germ of the grain receives material injury, and is in some cases entirely destroyed." Mr. Blaikie gives singular proofs of this effect. He urges sowing too much rather than too little seed, as being on the safe side. We have cited these observations at this length, because the time is most important, and the defective crop of last season adds to the momentous value of such participations of knowledge; nor can we better close our report than by expressing an earnest hope, that the remarks and facts relative to the spade cultivation of wheat, drawn from Mr. Owen's report to the county of Lanark, and the practice of Mr. Falla, of Newcastle, and printed in our report for June last, will meet attention now. Nothing could be more beneficial to society at large, than the repetition of these experiments in sundry places. Oct. 20, 1821. OBSERVATIONS ON THE WEATHER, FOR SEPTEMBER, 1821. GENERAL REPORT. Nearly one-half of this month was fine sunny weather: the other part comes under the characteristics of rain and wind, with a shrouded sky, it having rained (more or less) on 19 different days, of which on 9 whole days the labours of husbandmen have been suspended in the corn fields, by a fall of between 3 and 4 inches in depth. The winds having prevailed mostly from SW. the barometer has fluctuated much, and the atmosphere was frequently loaded with impure vapours, an unusual host of small winged insects, and flying gossamer. The mean temperature of the air was more than 6o above that of September, Naval Academy, Gosport. 1820, and 4° higher than the average of September for the last six years; therefore, it may be termed a very warm month. The temperature of spring water did not arrive at its maximum height for the year till the 19th instant. The atmospheric and meteoric phenomena that have come within our observation this month, are 3 coloured parhelia, 6 paraselena, 5 lunar and 3 solar halos, 36 meteors, 4 rainbows, lightning in the evenings of the 6th and 21st, and thunder in the evening of the fitir; also 10 gales of wind, or days on which they have prevailed, viz. 7 from SW. 1 from W. and 2 from NW. DAILY REMARKS. September 1. AM. fair, with Cumuli: in the afternoon Nimbi and light showers of rain a cloudy night. About 11 PM. 3 small meteors descended in a westerly direction between the clouds. 2. Fine, with a mixture of the modifications of clouds: much dew in the night, and winds crossing each other at right angles. 3. Overcast and rather damp nearly all day and night. 4. Overcast and showery at intervals, with a brisk gale from SW. 5. A sunny day and a pleasant breeze: an overcast sky by night. 6. At 6 AM. two beautiful coloured parhelia appeared, one on each side of, and both 24° 35' distant from, the sun, which |