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made in them. The publication, however, of the lectures of the late Dr. Brown, has surprised us most unexpectedly with not only great originality, but, what is of much greater moment, with more clearness of thinking, and more utility of application, than we had ever contemplated. Dr. Brown has fearlessly pulled down former systems, but he has no less dexterously rebuilt a simple and (wonderful to say) an intelligible and practical system of metaphysics. He has shown most clearly, that the dreams of Dr. Reid, though advocated by the superficial eloquence of Mr. Stewart, are baseless and vain; and, of course, that Mr. Stewart's elements, however prettily written, and however extravagantly praised by the friendly critics of the north, contain nothing which was not borrowed from Dr. Reid, though Dr. Reid had absolutely nothing worth borrowing; his chief work being full of gross mistakes and misconceptions. Yet what is more common than to hear Mr. Stewart called the greatest metaphysician and moralist of the age? The theory of Mr. Alison, concerning beauty and sublimity, has also fallen before the sweeping pen of Dr. Brown, though he has not deigned to hint even at the existence of this "profound and original thinker," as he has been most ludicrously called by his friend Mr. Jeffrey. Our readers may recollect, that Dr. Brown first obtained distinction by his masterly remarks on the Zoonomia of Darwin, and in this maturer work we can still easily trace his obligations to that original but fanciful theory.

We have before us the second part of the Dissertation on the History of Metaphysics, by Mr. Stewart, published in the Supplement to the Encyclopædia Britannica. It is, like the other part, rather tedious and prosing, and loaded with notes, the sweepings of his common-place book, which he found it was beyond his ingenuity to interweave with his text. He has cautiously abstained from giving any sketch of the improvements introduced by Dr. Reid, for these, as well as his own labours, would have dwindled into insignificance after the complete exposure of his pretensions by Dr. Brown. He has reluctantly admitted, however, that Dr. Reid was very imperfectly acquainted with the metaphysics of his own age. We may appear to some to have here done injustice to Mr. Stewart. We retort the accusation on his friends, who have lauded him as a profound philosopher, to which character he

has evidently no claim. We cheerfully ac cord to him, however, the merit of being a pleasing writer.

EDUCATION.

The new system of education introduced by Bell and Lancaster, is said to be rapidly extending in almost every part of the civi lized world. We have to record one most marked exception to this,-its complete failure in Scotland. This very striking fact has, we have reason to believe, been industriously concealed from the English public by the friends of the system; but we pledge ourselves for its truth. The opulent and public spirited merchants of Glasgow erected four very large schools in those parts of the city and suburbs where they seemed most to be wanted; and at first they were crowded; but so little satisfaction did they give, though conducted by most able teachers from parent schools in London, that in one or two years they were totally deserted, and have now been converted to other purposes. One is let for a Methodist chapel, and one, we believe, still lingers on, but under a change of system. In Ayr, Aberdeen, and Leith, there are three still languidly kept up; but those in Edinburgh,* Paisley, &c. both public and private, have been, if we mistake not, wholly abandoned. What has been the cause of this? Simply, it ap pears to us, that the original Scots system, followed in the parochial schools, is more efficient, because it requires more time from the pupil. We may lay it down, in deed, as incontrovertible, that what is soon learned, is generally as soon forgotten; and systems of education which pretend to ac complish pupils in half the usual time, are, and must be gross impositions, and contrary to the known principles of human nature. The system of Bell, or of Lan. caster, however, is admirable for merely teaching the alphabet, the accidence, and the first four rules of arithmetic; but there we conceive its utility stops, and must be supplied by one less mechanical. We would, therefore, advocate most strenuously the support of these schools; and it indicates a growing spirit of

civilization that they are so rapidly increasing where schools were formerly un known; but we anxiously look forward to the period when the population of Europe will be sufficiently advanced in information and improvement to see-as the populace in Scotland have seen-that this applauded system can carry pupils but a little way beyond mere elementary knowledge. R.

In the High-street of Edinburgh the system of tuition by monitors is partially adopted; but this has always been more or less practised in Scotland, as well as the system of emulation by taking places.

MONTHLY REGISTER.

ABSTRACT OF FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC OCCURRENCES.

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On the 8th of October, our last intelligence, dated Epirus, arrived from the Greeks. Those noble people are still engaged in the glorious struggle against their oppressors, who are so zealous in the attempt to rivet their fetters. We have lately seen the eloquence of the scholar, and the bold and animated description of the poet, nobly and naturally enlisted in their service. But we regret to say, that even the genius of a Byron, and the learned industry of a Lempriere, have hitherto failed in attracting the contributions of the British people. The minds of the few, however, must feel a deep interest in the success of a country to which freedom owes so vast a debt of obligation. At the period to which we have just referred, Omchid Pacha was still before the Castle of the Lake, where Ali Pacha continued, and the troops of Omchid, who besieged the fortress, themselves completely blockaded by the snow, the floods, and the army of the chief of Souli; the latter, too, were equally blockaded by the Ottoman fleet, and the Turkish forces Occupying the fortresses along the coast of Epirus. It was by an almost romantic incident that Tripolizza fell into the power of Greece. The only fortified portion of this town is the castle, and this point the Turks occupied, while the Greeks were contented with simply preserving a distant blockade. During the last festivals of the Baïram, and at a moment when the Turkish garrison was sleeping, a Greek captain, named Petro, scaled the ramparts in silence, and hoisted the flag of Greece. At the sight of their standard, the Greeks, supposing the castle had surrendered, hastened to the gate, which was but carelessly closed, and entered without striking a single blow! The dismayed Turks instantly and eagerly capitulated, and the fortress is now in the possession of the Greeks. The patriotic

treasury has found in the person of Bardacchi a most efficient supporter; one would almost imagine, that in the spirit of the old pirate there was something congenial to the advance ment of freedom and glory. This man, who formerly commanded the flotilla of Lambros, which was consumed in 1787, is now a Greek mer→ chant. It is said, that he has for warded to the senate of Calamata a sum of 1,500,000 francs, to assist the emancipation of the Grecian provinces. The accounts relative to the revolt of Candia are various. All, however, agree as to the mode in which it originated. The Hydriotes despatched to Candia a number of active and intelligent agents, and they soon succeeded in exciting a strong feeling in the minds and hearts of all who heard them. The Sphas ciotes, an independent tribe inhabiting the wild valleys of Mount Ida, first rose in vindication of the privileges of Greece. The feeling has since extended very considerably throughout the island, though its fortified points are still in the power of the Turks.

The rise of Mexico to an independent state, with an imperial sovereign, cannot be viewed with indifference by our readers. Royalists and insurgents have united in the declaration of independence which was promulgated on the 24th of August. The sovereignty of the new empire is offered, in the first place, to Ferdinand the Seventh, and, in the event of his refusal, then to each member of his family in suc➡ cession, according to seniority. To the offer, however, is attached a condition almost tantamount to exclusion, namely, the personal residence of the new sovereign in his trans-atlantic dominions. The first article in the new constitution of this cradle of South American liberty would be very likely to invite the tender sympathy of the "beloved legitimate; it declares, that the Ro

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man Catholic religion shall be the established religion of the empire, and that none other shall be tolerated in the country.

We are happy to have it in our power to state, that the fever in Spain is on the decline: a dispute has arisen amongst the French physicians who have visited Barcelona, as to the fact of its being contagious. One of these humane men had very nearly fallen a victim to the disease; he is, however, declared convalescent.

We gave in our last a melancholy outline of the disturbances which ensued in Ireland immediately on the King's departure, and truly sorry are we to be obliged now to confirm and enlarge the statement. There appears to be a general and simultaneous excitement which looks very like the effect of organization. The south is, however, the chief seat of the disturbance; and there the audacity of the disaffected is carried to such a height, as completely to overawe even the gentry of the country, who have, in almost every instance, surrendered their arms on demand. The murderers of Mr. Going are still undiscovered, notwithstanding the large reward offered by government for their apprehension. Indeed the offer has been met only by menaces and outrage.

The oath by which the peasantry are bound is said to be to the following effect: "No rent, no tithes, no taxes;" a concise, but at the same time, a most comprehensive classification of the grievances under which Ireland labours. The first item must naturally startle an Englishman; but perhaps his wonder would cease at the idea of the payment of rent being considered grievous by a people who seldom see the faces of their landlords, whose very existence they ascertain only by the London newspapers, and feel through the rapacity of their representative agents. The tithe system, particularly as carried on at present, also operates oppressively on a population the vast majority of which is Catholic; and who have thus out of their scanty means to support the establishment of two churches. It follows as a corollary, that when rent and tithes swallow almost every

thing, there can be but little left for the vortex of taxation. In the mean time, the factions in the metropolis are contributing their mite to the national discontent. The statue of King William, in College Green, was decorated with its party trappings on the 4th of November as usual, in utter defiance of a nominal prohibition from some police magistrates; and one of the most violent of the lodges is said to have gone so far as to have toasted the King's health with inverted glasses. We observe that some foolish miscreants attempted to introduce this factious spirit into London, by dressing out in similar drapery, on the same day, the statue in St. James's Square! This experiment, however, was met by the characteristic good sense of the English people, and treated with the contempt it merited. It is a strange fanaticism in loyalty which would attempt to revive amongst us the days of Lord George Gordon. We confess we had hoped for better days in Ireland after all the uproar of conciliation which so lately stunned us; but it is only a fresh proof, if any were wanting, that the most vo ciferous are generally the least sin cere, and that the faith was more ge nerous than rational which believed that the asperities of ages could be smoothed down in a moment.

His Majesty has returned from his Continental tour, we are happy to say, in good health and spirits. His illness was of short duration, and on his recovery, the whole population of Hanover crowded about the palace of Herrenhausen to congratulate him. The popular national air of "Landesvator, Schutz, and Rather," (the country's father, protector, and counsellor) was played and sung by the assembled multitude. His Majesty was so much gratified, that he showed himself at an open window of the palace, and addressed them to the following effect: "I am recovered, and rejoice that I can be again among my Hanoverians, from which I have been unhappily hindered by my illness. I regret all the trouble they have given themselves, and thank them for it. I gratefully acknowledge the love and attachment of my Hanoverians. I have always been a Hanoverian. I

will live and die a Hanoverian." The King was met at Calais by the Duke D'Angouleme, who kissed him on the cheek after the Continental fashion: when his Majesty landed at Ramsgate, he saluted the cheeks of the Princess Esterhazy after the same fashion. His Majesty has held a levee since, at which the new civic authorities attended in great state, with a congratulatory address from the Corporation on his return; he received them most graciously, and with great courtesy, expressed his regret to the Lord Mayor that his absence prevented him from partaking of the Corporation hospitality on the 9th of November. Immediately after the levee he set off' for Brighton, between which place and Windsor Cottage it is understood he means to pass the Christmas: rumour says, that his retirement will be occupied with arrangements for a meditated change of ministry, which is to include Lord Wellesley and the Grenville's; we give this, however, merely as one of the on dits of the day. It is also rumoured, that Mr. Canning is to succeed the Marquis of Hastings in the government of India. Some definitive arrangement, however, may with certainty be calculated on before the meeting of parliament, which is fixed for the 27th of January.

It is with feelings of infinite regret, that we announce the execution of no less than sixteen unfortunate fellow-creatures since our last. Some of these excited great commiseration, and more particularly the case of a person of the name of Cadman, who, with his wife, pleaded guilty to offences against the Bank of England. Cadman, it appears, had, on his apprehension, made all the discoveries in his power to the Bank, and did so, as he said on the scaffold, from some hopes of mercy which were held out to him. His wife was respited. Cadman had received a good education, and had even brought out some popular dramatic pieces at Sadler's Wells, with which establishment he was for some time connected. His fate has suggested the idea of a meeting in the city, for the purpose

of considering the nature of offences against the Bank, and their consequences. It is high time that some step of this kind should be taken, not only in cases of forgery, but with respect to our criminal code altoge ther. Every month convinces us more and more that the policy of Draco was a bad one.

Messrs. Weaver, Shackle, and Arrowsmith, have received the judgment of the Court of King's Bench, for a scandalous libel on the memory of the late Lady Wrottesley, of Staffordshire: their sentence was nine months imprisonment in the King's Bench, and fines amounting in the aggregate to 1100/.

The depreciation of every article of provision in the country markets is surprising, and the farmers are naturally loud in their lamentations; we may expect to see the table of the House of Commons groaning under the petitions of the Agriculturists next session. The following are some of the instances which have been publickly stated. At Newbury market, fourteen fine pigs, nine weeks old, were sold for the sum of 17s. 6d. being 1s. 3d. each, and the seller returned 1s. to the buyer for luck! A fine sow and eleven pigs (her second litter) were disposed of in Speenhamland for 17. 10s. 6d. Not two years ago, a sow with a similar litter was sold in Newbury market for 71. Fine large fowls are selling in Plymouth market at 16d. a pair, and the prime pieces of beef and mutton at from 3d. to 4d. a pound. Peace, it seems, has not brought a golden age to the farmers.

A proclamation has appeared for the issue of a new coinage of farthings from the Mint.

Last week a letter was sent in despair from the post office to the British Museum, in order that, if possible, its direction might be deciphered. It ran literally as follows"Al, Sua Excellenza,

Sromfridevi-"

A committee sat, and after long deliberation, Mr. Vansittart suggested that it might be for Sir Humphrey Davy, which turned out to be the case.

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Nov. 1. At Chingford-hatch, Essex, the lady of Ralph Ricardo, Esq. a daughter.

3. At Beaminster-house, Dorset, Lady Emily Steele, a son and heir.

4. In York-place, the lady of Wm. Wrixon Becher Esq. MP. a daughter.

6. At Chesterton, near Cambridge, the lady o Thos. Taylor, Esq. a daughter.

7. In Hill-street, the lady of N. W. Ridley Colborne, Esq. MP. a daughter.

8. In Portland-place, the lady of H. S. Northcote, Esq. a son.

9. In South Audley-street, the lady of W. L. Hughes, Esq. MP. a son.

-In Guilford-street, the lady of Wm. P. Richards, Esq. a son.

10. In Montague-street, Portman-square, the hon. Mrs. Anthony Denny, a daughter.

13. At Sharpham, Devonshire, the lady of John Bastard, Esq. MP. Capt. Royal Navy, a son. -In Chesterfield-street, Mayfair, the lady of J. H. Deacon, Esq. a son.

14. In York-place, Portman-square, the lady of Joseph Hume, Esq. MP. a daughter.

At Shapden, in Surrey, the lady of Archibald Little, Esq. a son.

15. At Highbury-park, Mrs. Davidson, a daughter. IN SCOTLAND.

At Edinburgh, the lady of Sir William Jardine, Bart. of Applegarth, à daughter.

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Oct. 22. At Walthamstow, J. W. Freshfield, Esq. of Stoke Newington, to F. J. Sims, of Churchhill-house, Walthamstow, eldest daughter of the late J. Sims, Esq. of that place.

23. At St. James's-church, by the Rev. Robert Moore, Prebendary of Canterbury, Sir W. Johnstone Hope, MP. one of the Lords of the Admiralty, to the Right Hon. Maria, Countess of Athlone, sister to Sir Robert Eden, Bart. of Windlestone, in the county of Durham,

29. At St. George's, Bloomsbury, Mr. Hamblin, of the Theatre Royal, Bath, to Miss Elizabeth Blanchard, daughter of Mr. Blanchard, of the Theatre Royal, Covent Garden.

30. At Harlow-church, Lieut.-Col. Johnson, of the 86th Regt. to Emma Julia, second daughter of W. Sims, Esq. of Hubert's-hall, Essex.

31. At Walcot-church, Bath, by the Hon. and Rev. James St. Leger, Richard Smyth, Esq. of Ballinatre, High Sheriff of the county of Waterford, to the Hon. Harriet St. Leger, daughter of the late, and sister to the present Viscount Done. raile, of Doneraile-house, in the county of Cork. -At St. Andrew's Auckland, Capt. Clutterbuck, of the 65th regt. of foot, son of John Clutterbuck, Esq. of Workworth, to Mary Anne, youngest daughter of the late Hon. Thos. Lyon, of Hatton-house, near Durham.

Nov. 3. At St. James's-church, the Rev. Charles Crook, Rector of Bath, to Charlotte Mary, eldest daughter and co-heiress of the late Charles Worthington, Esq. of Lincoln's-inn, and Lansdown Crescent, Bath.

6. At Croom-church, by the Rev. Edward Nash, Hugh Massy, Esq. eldest son of the Hon. G. E. Massy, of Riversdale, to Mary Anne, only daughter of Robert Harding, Esq. of Cherry Grove, in the county of Limerick.

13. At Carlisle, Sir Frederick Triese Morshead, Bart. of Derwent-lodge, Cumberland, to Jane, second daughter of Robert Warwick, Esq. of Warwick-hall, in the same county.

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At St. Alban's, Wood-street, the Rev. George Edward Beckwith, to Elizabeth Jane, only child of J. Hanbury, Esq. of Laytonstone, in the county of Essex.

14. At felbridge-park, Sussex, by Special License, the Hon. General Frederick St. John, to Caroline Elizabeth Parsons, youngest daughter of the late J. Parsons, Esq.

-Charles Henry Pilgrim, Esq. of Kensington, to Miss Holford, daughter of Charles Holford, Esq. of Hampstead.

15. At St. Pancras-church, Lieut.-Col. A. Hogg, of the Hon. E. I. Company's service, to Agnes, daughter of Wm. Dinwiddie, Esq. of Burton Crescent.

-At St. George's, Hanover-square, John Wm. Thomas, Esq. to Mary Elizabeth, eldest daughter of Wm. Yes, Esq. of Clapham.

-At Marylebone-church, the Rev. Geo. Ernest Howman, of Shiplake, Oxfordshire, to Jane Sarah Wightwick, eldest daughter of the late John Wightwick Knightley, Esq. of Offchurch Bury, Warwickshire.

17. At Marylebone-church, Josephus J. P. Kendrick, Esq. of Upper Marylebone-street, to Frances Mary, only daughter of the late James Dods, Esq.

20. At Hackney, Alex. Hutchison, Esq. of Peterhead, Aberdeenshire, to Anne, eldest daughter of Alex. Hutchison, Esq. of Lower Clapham.

At Melksham, by the Rev. Charles Tufaell, Henry, youngest son of the Hon. Colonel Seymour, to Charlotte, youngest daughter of the late Sir Samuel Whitcombe.

21. At St. Lawrence, in the Isle of Thanet, the Rev. James Volant Vashon, son of Admiral Va shon, to Mary Ann, daughter of the late Christopher Mayhen, Esq. of Ramsgate, and niece of Thomas Garret, Esq. of Nether-court. -At Bridlington church, by the Venerable Francis Wrangham, Archdeacon of Cleveland, James Randall, jun. of Irongate, Tower-hill, London, to Ann, widow of the late Wm. Leadley (of the merchants' service), Bridlington Quay, Yorkshire.

IN SCOTLAND.

At Edinburgh, by the Rev. Bishop Sandford, Wm.
Herriesker, Esq. to Madaline, daughter of the
late Colonel Riccart Hepburne, of Riccarton.
At Edinburgh, Captain Alex. Gordon, RN. to Mary
Elizabeth, only daughter of the late Sir Ernest
Gordon, Bart. of Park.

IRELAND.

At Tangshiny-church, in the county of Longford, Sir George Ralph Fetherstone, Bart. MP. for that county, to Frances Elizabeth Solly, eldest dangl ter of Mrs. Jessop, and of the late Richard Solly, Esq. of York-place, Bedford-square, London, and grand-daughter of Sir F. Flood, Bart.

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