For cases in Dec.Dig. & Am.Dig. Key-No.Series & Indexes see same topic and KEY-NUMBER VERDICT. 147 (U.S.C.C.A.N.Y.) Actual costs of litigation may be charged by court of bankruptcy See Criminal Law, 877-888. against claim recoverable by United States.In re Triangle S. S. Co., 3 F. (2d) 894. UNITED STATES COMMISSIONERS. 4 (U.S.D.C.Wash.) Commissioner exercises quasi judicial functions and powers specially conferred.-U. S. v. Elliott, 3 F. (2d) 496. USE AND OCCUPATION. 4 (App.D.C.) Purchasers could recover for use and occupation against vendor's tenant, holding over after expiration of term.-Selden v. Lee, 3 F. (2d) 335. USURY. I. USURIOUS CONTRACTS AND TRANSACTIONS. (A) Nature and Validity. 6 (U.S.C.C.A.Ohio) Purpose of usury law to protect necessitous debtor against extortion. -Stark v. Bauer Cooperage Co., 3 F. (2d) 214. 31 (U.S.C.C.A.Ohio) Facts not conclusive as to whether transaction loan or sale stated. -Stark v. Bauer Cooperage Co., 3 F. (2d) 214. Absolute character of existing debt important as tending to show transaction in which recent indebted owner becomes executory purchaser is mortgage.-Id. Capitalist's purchase and carrying of property for speculator to be purchased by latter at advance held sale and not loan.-Id. (B) Rights and Remedies of Parties. 113 (U.S.C.C.A.Ohio) Burden on person asserting it to prove contract clearly purporting to be sale of realty is mortgage.-Stark v. Bauer Cooperage Co., 3 F. (2d) 214. 117 (U.S.C.C.A.Ohio) Evidence held not to show sale of realty subterfuge for usurious loan.-Stark v. Bauer Cooperage Co., 3 F. (2d) 214. VENDOR AND PURCHASER. See Sales. I. REQUISITES AND VALIDITY OF CONTRACT. 3(4) (U.S.C.C.A.Ohio) That paper in language of option signed by optionee held not to make it bilateral contract.-Stark v. Bauer Cooperage Co., 3 F. (2d) 214. 37(4) (U.S.C.C.A.Wyo.) Purchaser not entitled to rely on statement of value.held Byers v. Federal Land Co., 3 F. (2d) 9. 37(6) (U.S.C.C.A.Wyo.) Misrepresentation of ownership by vendor held immaterial.-Byers v. Federal Land Co., 3 F. (2d) 9. Purchaser held entitled to rescind for failure of seller to give possession.-Id. WAR. Wills 12 (U.S.D.C.N.Y.) Evidence held to show German corporation's transfer of stock in New York corporation bona fide, entitling transferee to possession from Alien Property Custodian.-Metz v. Garvin, 3 F. (2d) 182. 12 (App.D.C.) Attorneys to whom owner had transferred corporate stock held entitled to lien for compensation as against Alien Property Custodian.-Briesen v. A Certain Fund, 3 F. (2d) 509. WAREHOUSEMEN. 15(2) (U.S.C.C.A.Mass.) Purchaser of receipt held a holder thereof.-Lynn Storage Warehouse Co. v. Senator, 3 F. (2d) 558. 17 (U.S.C.C.A.Mass.) Liability under Massachusetts Warehouse Act for delivery without production of receipt.-Lynn Storage Warehouse Co. v. Senator, 3 F. (2d) 558. WATERS AND WATER COURSES. See Drains; Navigable Waters. IV. NATURAL LAKES AND PONDS. III (U.S.C.C.A.Ark.) Existence of lake and substantial accuracy of meander line held F. (2d) 771. established by evidence.-U. S. v. Rhodes, 3 Riparian rights attach to lands granted bordering on meandered lake.-Id. WILLS. See Descent and Distribution; Executors and Administrators. I. NATURE AND EXTENT OF TESTAMENTARY POWER. 7 (U.S.C.C.A.Md.) Heir at law is not seized of property, title to which is vested in trustee.-Shirk v. Lee, 3 F. (2d) 256. Will of heir at law held to convey no interest in estate held in trust.-Id. IV. REQUISITES AND VALIDITY. (C) Execution. 108 (App.D.C.) Void where statutory requirements have not been complied with.-Association of Survivors of Seventh Georgia Regiment v. Larner, 3 F. (2d) 201. VI. CONSTRUCTION. (A) General Rules. 488 (App.D.C.) Construed according to terms, without aid from extrinsic evidence, unless terms are ambiguous.--Association of Survivors of Seventh Georgia Regiment v. Larner, 3 F. (2d) 201. 489 (1) (App.D.C.) Rule as to admissibility of extrinsic evidence in construction of will stated.-Association of Survivors of Seventh Georgia Regiment v. Larner, 3 F. (2d) 201. 489(2) (App.D.C.) Bequest held to associevidence to show otherwise held inadmissible. ation popularly known by name given and parol Regiment v. Larner, 3 F. (2d) 201. -Association of Survivors of Seventh Georgia (B) Designation of Devisees, and Lega- (C) Testimony of Parties or Persons Interested, for or against Representatives, Survivors, or Successors in Title or Interest of Persons Deceased or Incompetent. 178(1) (App.D.C.) Defendant's testimony as to transaction with intestate not incompetent, where she was called as witness by administrator.-Lemon v. Martin, 3 F. (2d) 710. 178(3) (App.D.C.) Cross-examination of defendant, called as witness of plaintiff administrator as to circumstances and conversations with intestate at time of transaction, held proper.-Lemon v. Martin, 3 F. (2d) 710. (D) Confidential Relations and Privileged Communications. mm 199(1) (U.S.C.C.A.III.) Communications to attorney expected to be employed, and statements made under erroneous belief relation exists privileged.-Smale v. U. S., 3 F. (2d) 101. Voluntary communication to codefendant's attorney not privileged, in absence of joint defense.-Id. 223 (U.S.C.C.A.III.) Doubt whether statement privileged should be determined preliminary to its admission in evidence.-Smale v. U. S., 3 F. (2d) 101. III. EXAMINATION. (A) Taking Testimony in General. 255 (9) (U.S.C.C.A.Tex.) Permitting witness to refresh memory by reading stenographic report of testimony given in another proceeding held not error.-Walker v. Wilkinson, 3 F. (2d) 867. 259 (App.D.C.) Submission of stenographic report of conversation to stenographer, in order that she might correct her testimony as to date on which conversation occurred, held not error.-Ritzman v. U. S., 3 F. (2d) 718. (C) Privilege of Witness. 2932 (U.S.D.C.III.) Compelling employé to testify in controversy before Labor Board not violation of constitutional rights.-Railroad Labor Board v. Robertson, 3 F. (2d) 488. IV. CREDIBILITY, IMPEACHMENT, CONTRADICTION, AND CORROBORATION. (A) In General. 323 (U.S.C.C.A.Tenn.) Government can cross-examine its own witness as to statement conflicting with earlier affidavit.-Beavers v. U. S., 3 F. (2d) 860. 325 (U.S.C.C.A.N.J.) Plaintiff held not precluded from impeaching defendant's witness on theory that by cross-examination she made witness her own witness.-Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. De Vries, 3 F. (2d) 852. 330(1) (App.D.C.) Answer to question on cross-examination of seller, from whom army officer was alleged to have accepted bribe, as to whether representative was in Washington on certain date, held properly excluded.-Ritzman v. U. S., 3 F. (2d) 718. Cross-examination of witness, who had testified that he had been directed to prepare requisition, as to authority to make requisition held improper.-Id. (B) Character and Conduct of Witness. 345(1) (U.S.C.C.A.Ark.) Witness may be asked on cross-examination whether he has been convicted of felony.-Williams v. U. S., 3 F. (2d) 129. 361 (1) (U.S.C.C.A.Ala.) Testimony as to good character should be directed to reputation.-Ford v. U. S., 3 F. (2d) 104. Character of a witness does not become an issue unless it is attacked.-Id. Testimony of character witnesses held inadmissible.-Id. (C) Interest and Bias of Witness. 372(2) (App.D.C.) Cross-examination as to whether witness had agreement to testify for plaintiff, if plaintiff would not sue witness, Co., 3 F. (2d) 84. held proper.-Economon v. Barry-Pate Motor (D) Inconsistent Statements by Witness. intended to impeach witness should be produced 388 (2) (U.S.C.C.A.Ohio) Prior statement on his cross-examination.-Baltimore & O. R. Co. v. Darling, 3 F. (2d) 987. 392 (1) (U.S.C.C.A.Tenn.) Government's failure to introduce affidavit of its witness in direct conflict with his testimony held not error.-Beavers v. U. S., 3 F. (2d) 860. WORDS AND PHRASES. "Actual."-Pascagoula Nat. Bank v. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta (U. S. D. C. Ga.) "Agency."-S. B. McMaster, Inc., v. Chevrolet 3 F.(2d) 465. Motor Co. (U. S. D. C. S. C.) 3 F. (2d) 469. "Affreightment contract."-Sacramento Nar. Co. v. Salz (U. S. C. C. A. Cal.) 3 F.(28) 759. "Arising under laws of United States."-State of Alabama v. Acacia Mut. Life Ass'n (U. S. D. C. Ala.) 3 F. (2d) 697. "Attached to the principles of the Constitution."-In re Nagy (U. S. D. C. Tex.) 3 F. (2d) 77. "Bad faith."-Gerseta Corporation v. WessexCampbell Silk Co. (U. S. C. C. A. N. Y.) 3 F.(2d) 236. "Capital gain."-New York Life Ins. Co. v. Edwards (U. S. D. C. N. Y.) 3 F. (2d) 280. "Carrying on or doing business."-International Salt Co. v. Phillups (U. S. D. C. Pa.) 3 F.(2d) 678. "Caveat emptor."-Cudahy Packing Co. Narzisenfeld (U. S. C. C. A. N. Y.) 3 F. (2d) 567. V. "Certiorari."-U. S. v. Elliott (U. S. D. C. "Citizen."-Soo Hoo Yee v. U. S. (U. S. C. Wash.) 3 F. (2d) 496. C. A. Vt.) 3 F. (2d) 592. For cases in Dec. Dig. & Am.Dig. Key-No.Series & Indexes see same topic and KEY-NUMBER "Condonation."-Marshall v. Marshall (App. D. C.) 3 F. (2d) 344. "Creditor."-Koch v. Sidney Blumenthal & Co. "Credits."-Theobald v. U. S. (U. S. C. C. A. "Defined district."-Browning v. Hooper (U. "Doing business."-S. B. McMaster, Inc., v. "Due hearing."-In re Harry L. Sugarman, "Due process of law."-General Const. Co. v. improvements."-American Tank Company v. Continental & Commercial Trust & Savings Bank (U. S. C. C. A. Ark.) 3 F. (2d) 122. "Final decree."-Duncan v. Johnston & Co. (U. "Income."-New York Life Ins. Co. v. Ed- "Infringement."-Casey v. Bennett (U. S. D. "Insular roads."-American R. Co. of Porto F. (2d) 988; Fenner v. Boykin (U. S. D. C. "Invention."-Lehman v. Ripley (U. S. C. "Law of the case."-Luminous Unit Co. v. "Life insurance company."-Continental Cas- "Merchant."-Ex parte Wong Jun (U. S. D. C. "Narrow channel."-The Dauntless (U. S. C. C. A. N. Y.) 3 F. (2d) 529. "Necessaries."-The Susquehanna (U. S. D. C. Mass.) 3 F. (2d) 1014. Writs "Necessary."-In re Burton S. S. Co. (U. S. "Net."-Pascagoula Nat. Bank v. Federal Re- em ployee."-Atchison, T. & S. F. Ry. Co. v. U. S. (U. S. C. C. A. Ill.) 3 F. (2d) 138. "Order."-Atchison, T. & S. F. Ry Co. v. U., S. (U. S. C. C. A. Ill.) 3 F. (2d) 138. "Petition."-In re L. M. Axle Co. (U. S. C. C. A. Ohio) 3 F.(2d) 581. "Principal office."-Stewart v. Pacific Steam Nav. Co. (U. S. D. C. N. Y.) 3 F. (2d) 329. "Principle of the Constitution."-In re Raio (U. S. D. C. Tex.) 3 F. (2d) 78. "Public agency."-The Lisbon (U. S. C. C. A. "Public policy."-Fidelity & Deposit Co. of "Real property."-W. T. Waggoner Estate v. "Resides."-The Underwriter (U. S. D. C. N. "Revenue officers."-Wolkin v. Gibney (U. S. S. V. "Sale by sample."-Cudahy Packing Co. v. Narzisenfeld (U. S. C. C. A. N. Y.) 3 F. (2d) 567. "Sale, transfer, or assignment."-U. Lankford (U. S. D. C. Va.) 3 F. (2d) 52. "Seaman."-Gonzales v. U. S. Shipping Board, Emergency Fleet Corporation (U. S. D. C. "Stay proceedings in state court."-Fenner v. N. Y.) 3 F. (2d) 168. Boykin (U. S. D. C. Ga.) 3 F. (2d) 674. "Tackle, apparel, and furniture." The Dolphin (U. S. C. C. A. Mass.) 3 F. (2d) 1. "Temporary absence."-MacKusick v. Johnson (U. S. Č. C. A. Mass.) 3 F. (2d) 398. "Trustees of express trust."-Briesen v. A Certain Fund (App. D. C.) 3 F. (2d) 509. "Undivided profits."-Chesapeake & Potomac "Unfair competition."-Autoline Oil Co. v. InTelephone Co. of Baltimore City v. Whitman (U. S. D. C. Md.) 3 F. (2d) 938. dian Refining Co. (U. S. D. C. Md.) 3 F. (2d) 457. "Verification."-S. B. McMaster, Inc., v. Chev- "Vessel."-Gonzales v. U. S. Shipping Board, "Warranty."-Hercules Powder Co. v. Rich (U. See Appeal and Error. WRITS. See Certiorari; Garnishment; Habeas Corpus; WEST PUBLISHING CO., PRINTERS, ST. PAUL, MINN. |