THE

HISTORY OF CIVILIZATION,

FROM THE

FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE

ΤΟ

THE FRENCH REVOLUTION

BY F. GUIZOT,

THE PRIME MINISTER OF FRANCE;

AUTHOR OF "HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH REVOLUTION OF 1640

TRANSLATED BY WILLIAM HAZLITT.

VOLUME IV.

NEW YORK:

D. APPLETON AND COMPANY,
90, 92 & 94 GRAND STREET.

1870.

Efforts of the possessors of fiefs to people and animate the interior of the

castles-Means which present themselves for the attainment of this

end-Offices given in fief-The education of the sons of vassals in the

castle of the suzerain-Admission of the young man among the war-

riors in ancient Germany-This fact is perpetuated after the invasion—

Twofold origin of chivalry-False idea which is formed of it-Chivalry

arose simply and without design, in the interior of castles, and in con-

sequence either of the ancient German customs, or of the relations of

the suzerain with his vassals-Influence of religion and the clergy over

chivalry-Ceremonies of the admission of knights-Their oaths-Influ-

ence of the imagination and poetry over chivalry-Its moral character

and importance under this point of view-As an institution, it is vague

and without coherence-Rapid decline of feudal chivalry-It gives rise

to the orders: 1. Of religious chivalry; 2. Of courtly chivalry.

SEVENTH LECTURE.

p. 9

The state of the agricultural population, or the feudal village-Its condi-

tion seemed for a long time stationary-Was it much changed by the

invasion of the barbarians and the establishment of the feudal system?—

Error of the common opinion upon this subject-Necessity for studying

the state of the agricultural population in Gaul before the invasion, un-

der the Roman administration-Source of the study-Distinction be-

tween coloni and slaves-Differences and resemblances of their condi-

tion-Relations of the bond-laborers, 1, with the proprietors; 2, with

the government-How a man became a bond-laborer-Historical origin

of the class of bond-laborers-Uncertainty of the ideas of M. de Savi-

gny-Conjectures.

p. 33

EIGHTH LECTURE.

Of the state of the agricultural population in Gaul from the 5th to the

14th century-It has not changed so much as is commonly supposed→→→