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distinguished poet raised the superstructure of his verse, and condemn the principles on which he wrote as unnatural, we cannot for the soul of us be insensible to the matchless skill and rough ready vigour of his dark delineations. In inanimate nature he sternly refuses to avail himself of

the advantages which his subject presents, of waving woods, pebbly shores, purling streams, and flowery fields: he takes a cast of nature homely, forbidding and barren, and compels us to like it by the force of his colour and by the stern fidelity of his outline: while in living natore he seems resolutely to have proscribed all things mentally or externally lovely, that he might indulge in the dry hard detail of whatsoever we dislike to contemplate, and triumph over our prejudices and feelings by the resistless vigour of his language and sentiments, and the terrific fidelity of his representations. On him who refuses to give to the world his full sympathy, the world usually retaliates sevenfold. Crabbe is by no means so popular as his genius deserves of late there has been a woful coldness on the part of the admirers of him, who has not been inaptly termed "The Hogarth of Poets ;" and his works, in spite of the intense laudations of all manner of reviews, remain undisturbed on the bookseller's shelf. The

critic who first perceived the true character of Crabbe's poetry and pronounced it untrue to nature, was that Anarch old, Gifford, of the Quarterly. In common life,' he observes, every man instinctively acquires the habit of diverting his attention from unpleasing objects, and fixing it on those that are more agreeable and all that we ask is, that this practical rule should be adopt ed in poetry. The face of nature under its daily and periodical varieties, the honest gaiety of rustic mirth, the flow of health and spirits, which is inspired by the country, the delights which it brings to every sense-such are the pleasing topics which strike the most superficial observer. But a closer inspection will give us more sacred gratifications. Wherever the relations of civilized society exist, particularly where a high standard of morals, however imperfectly acted upon, is yet publicly recognized, a ground work is laid for the exercise of all the charities, social and domestic. In the midst of profligacy and corruption, some trace of these charities still lingers: there is some spot which shelters domestic happiness-some undiscovered cleft in which the seeds of the best affections have been cherished,

and are bearing fruit in silence. Poverty, however blighting in general, has graces which are peculiarly its own--the highest order of virtues can be developed only in a state of habitual suf

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distinguished by the exemplary manner in which he fulfilled every public and private duty. In the year 1789, after his appointment as Chaplain to Fort St. George, and Minister of St. Mary's, at Madras, the splendid qualities of his mind were first developed. Since that period, he has been regarded as one of the greatest benefactors of mankind. He undertook the gratuitous superintendence of the Military Male Orphan Asylum, at that station, until 1796, during which time he founded the Madras system of elementary education; and although the rival claims of Mr. Lancaster then came into notice, it is but justice to add that the universal judgment of the country, and the testimony of authentic documents, pronounced the merit of the discovery to have been solely and exclusively due to Doctor Bell. No sooner were the advantages of the system known, than it was patronised by the Government of Fort St. George; and on the Rev. Doctor's arrival in this country in 1797, the original report was immediately published, and submitted to the highest authorities in Church and State, by whom the system was patronised, and found to work so well in practice that it has since been adopted in every civilized nation in the world. In Great Britain alone there are, at the present time, "ten thousand schools, without any legislative assistance, wherein six hundred thousand children are educated by voluntary aid and charity." The most gratifying testimonials were transmitted to the Doctor in proof of the excellence of his plan, not only from the highest quarters in this country, but from several Governments and learned bodies in Europe, Asia, and America; while the improvement in the morality, civilization, and piety of the lower classes, during the present and future generations, will have acquired its chief impulse from the labours of this illustrious individual, whose memory, and that of the blessings he has so extensively diffused, will live in the grateful recollection of his country when other human institutions will have fallen into oblivion. The evening of his pious and useful life was passed in Cheltenham, where his benevolence and the practice of every social and domestic virtue had gained him the affection and respect of every class of the community. He distributed no less a sum than 120,000l. to various national institutions and public charities. Many valuable works on education were written by him, amongst which "The Elements of Tuition," "The English School," and "Brief Manual of Mutual Instruction and Moral Discipline," will ever occupy a distinguished place in our useful national literature. The honours that were conferred upon the Rev. Doctor will be best explained by the following list :

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Captain H. Foster, F.R.S.-Lieut.-Colonel Brereton. March 1,

ANDREW BELL, D.D. LL.D. F.As. S. F.R.S. ED. Prebendary of Westminster, and Master of Sherburn Hospital, Durham. His remains were deposited, on January the 14th, in the centre aisle of the grand west choir of Westminster Abbey. The procession consisted of ten mourning coaches and twenty-six private carriages, including those of the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Bishop of London, the Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry, Lord Eldon, Lord Amherst, Lord Kenyon, Lord Wynford, Mr. Justice Park, and Sir James Langham. The pall was borne by Lord Kenyon, the Rev. Spencer Phillips, Walter Cooke, Esq. and Capt. M'Konochie. The chief mourners were the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Bishop of London, who were followed by several noblemen and gentlemen.

CAPTAIN HENRY FOSTER, F.R.S.

The best tribute we can pay to the memory of this meritorious officer is to quote from the speech of H. R. H. the Duke of Sussex, as President to the Royal Society :-"Capt. Henry Foster was a member of the profession which, under all circumstances, is so justly celebrated for activity and enterprise, and which, when wanting the stimulus of war, has on many occasions lately distinguished itself by the zealous and successful cultivation of those studies, which are so essentially connected with the improvement of navigation. He accompanied Captain Basil Hall, in the Conway, in his well known voyage to South America, and assisted him materially in his pendulum and other observations. He afterwards joined Captain Parry in the second of his celebrated voyages; and at Port Bowen, and other stations within the Arctic Circle, he made, with the assistance of Captain Parry and others, a most valuable and extensive series of observations upon the diurnal variation, diurnal intensity of the magnetic needle, and upon other subjects connected with terrestrial magnetism and astronomical refractions, which formed an entire fourth part of the Transactions of the Royal Society, for 1826, and was printed at the special expense of the Board of Longitude. For these papers he received the Copley medal; and the Lords of the Admiralty acknowledged their sense of the honour which was thus conferred upon the profession to which he belonged, by immediately raising him to the rank of Commander, and by appointing him to the command of the Chanticleer, upon a voyage of discovery and observation in the South Seas. It was during the latter part of this voyage that he perished by an unfortunate accident; but I am happy to say that the public is not likely to lose altogether the benefit of his labours, and that he has left behind him an immense mass of

observations of various kinds, which the Lords of the Admiralty have confided partly to this Society, and partly to the Astronomical Society, with a view to their publication in such a form as may best serve the interests of science, and may most tend to establish the character and fame of their lamented author."

LIEUTENANT-COLONEL BRERETON. Lieutenant-Colonel Brereton was born in the King's County, Ireland, on the 4th of May 1782. In 1797 he went as a volunteer to the West Indies, with his uncle, Captain (now Colonel) Coghlan, of the 45th regiment. In 1798 he obtained an ensigncy in the 8th West India regiment, and was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant in the same corps in 1801. He was engaged in the taking of the Danish and Swedish West India Settlements, and continued in that part of the world until the reduction of his regiment in 1802. In April 1803, he was appointed to the 2nd West India regiment; but during that year he served in Jersey, where he acted as Adjutant to the 1st West India battalion, raised for the defence of that island. In April 1804, he received a Captaincy in the Royal African corps, and being separated from it, served in the same grade in the Royal West India Rangers. He acted as Brigade-major to his relative, Brig.-Gen. Brereton, Governor of St. Lucia, and served in that capacity until the General returned to Europe, in 1807. In 1809 he was at the capture of Martinique, and during that year he was appointed Brigademajor to Major-Gen. Wale, in Barbadoes. He held that rank at the taking of Guadaloupe in 1810; and proceeded in 1811, in command of the left wing, to the colony of Surinam, whence he was removed to the garrison of Mount Bruce, in Dominica; and then returned to Europe in 1813, in consequence of ill-health and the injuries he had sustained in a hurricane that year.

In July 1815, he was appointed Lieut.Colonel of the Royal African corps, and Lieut.-Governor of the settlements and garrisons of Senegal and Goree, on the west coast of Africa; whence he returned, in consequence of ill-health, in December 1816.

In 1818 he went to the Cape of Good Hope, and was placed in command of the garrisons upon the frontiers of the colony. A domestic calamity recalled him to England, in March 1819; but he again proceeded to the Cape in the autumn of that year, as Lieut.-Col. of the 53rd Regiment, and remained in command of Cape Town until March 1823; having been transferred, as Lieut.-Col. to the Royal York Rangers in February 1820, and to the 49th Regiment in August 1821. He became Inspect

1832.

Lieutenant-Colonel Macdonald, F.R.S.

ing Field-officer of the Bristol district, by exchange with Lieut.-Col. Daniell, in July 1823. The officers of the regiment presented him, through Sir Henry Torrens, the Colonel, with a sword valued at two hundred guineas. Every step in his military career was obtained without purchase; and during a service of nearly thirty-four years, he was only one year and a quarter on halfpay.

The unfortunate occurrence of the late riots at Bristol placed him in a situation which he had not encountered in all his previous military experience. Like many other men upon whom command unexpectedly devolves, he was unequal to a great emergency. In every line of life, valuable people in subordinate capacities discover themselves inadequate to a due discharge of leading duties. Colonel Brereton was evidently a humane and amiable man of this description, and was not made of "stuff stern enough" for the late crisis.

A court-martial having been formed to examine into his conduct, had already sat during four days; and it appears that Lieut.Colonel Brereton was very deeply affected by the course of evidence against him which was on the last day produced. After the rising of the Court-martial he went to Reeve's hotel, where his gardener met him with his gig, and he returned home about twelve at night. He retired to his bedroom about a quarter before three; the housekeeper heard the report of a pistol, and immediately called the gardener and footman; they went into his room instantly, and found him lying on the bed quite dead. He had shot himself through the heart, and must have died instantly: he was completely dressed, with the exception of his coat. A coroner's inquest returned a verdict of "Temporary Derangement."

The facts produced against Lieut.-Col. Brereton were certainly too strong for him to combat, so as to vindicate his character as a military man; but he erred from feelings of humanity, and therefore his fate has excited universal commiseration. He could not endure the idea of shedding blood, even when the urgent call of duty made it imperatively necessary. Forgetting that the humanity of a soldier, under such circumstances, towards a guilty rabble, has all the effect of cruelty to the innocent citizens, he neither discerned with the requisite precision, nor acted with the promptitude which the exigency of the occasion demanded. The censure of those who were most bitter in their condemnation of him when living, extends no further, now that he has made his fearful and rash appeal from a tribunal of his fellow-creatures to the judgment-seat of God. Colonel Brereton was married in London, to Miss Olivia Ross, who died three years

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ago, leaving him two daughters, one born May 2, 1826, and the other October 2, 1828.

LIEUTENANT-COLONEL MACDONALD, F. R. 8.

At his residence, Summerland Place, Exeter, aged 72, John Macdonald, Esq. Fellow of the Royal and Asiatic Societies, formerly Lieutenant-Colonel of the Royal Clan-Alpine regiment.

This accomplished and amiable gentleman was the only son of the celebrated Flora Macdonald, who so materially assisted Prince Charles in evading the English soldiery in 1746. It is stated in the account of the Rebellion, published under the title of "Ascanius," that she was the daughter of Mr. Macdonald, a tacksman, or gentlemanfarmer, of Melton, in South Uist, and was in 1746 about twenty-four years' old. It is also said that her portrait was painted in London in 1747, for Commodore Smith, in whose ship she had been brought prisoner from Scotland. Mr. Croker adds, in his late edition of Boswell's Johnson, that he has not been able to trace that portrait; but it may be remarked that there are three prints of this celebrated lady, one a mezzotint by M'Ardell, from A. Ramsay; another mezz. by J. Faber, 1747, from T. Hudson; and the third engraved by Johnson. In Doctor Johnson's letter to Mrs. Thrale, in 1773, in which he describes his visit to Flora Macdonald, it is stated, "She and her husband are poor, and are going to try their fortune in America." Mr. Croker remarks that they did emigrate to America; but returned to Sky, where she died, on the 4th of March, 1790, leaving a son, Colonel J. Macdonald, and a daughter, still alive in Sky, married to a Macleod, a distant relation to the Macleod. It is remarkable," adds Sir Walter Scott, "that this distinguished lady signed her name Flory, instead of the more classical orthography. Her marriage contract, which is in my possession, bears the name spelled Flory."

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Col. Macdonald passed many years in the service of the East India Company, and attained the rank of Captain in the corps of Engineers on the Bengal establishment. In the years 1794-5-6, he carried on at Bencoolen, in Sumatra, and at St. Helena, a continued series of observations on the diurnal variation of the magnetic needle, which he communicated in 1798 to the Royal Society, and which afterwards appeared in the Philosophical Transactions. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1800.

He afterwards published several works, chiefly for the service of which he was so distinguished a member, and was for many years an extensive and valuable contributor to the Gentleman's Magazine.

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J. S. Munden.-C. Greenwood, Esq.-Gen. Belliard. March 1,

JOSEPH SHEPHERD MUNDEN.

On the 6th of February, at his house in Bernard-street, Russell-square, this longcelebrated actor died, in the 74th year of his age. He was the son of a poulterer in Brook's Market, Leather-lane, Holborn, and was born in the early part of 1758; his father died when he was young, and at the age of twelve young Joe was placed in an apothecary's shop; but becoming tired of physic, he turned his attention to the law. From an attorney's office he descended to a law-stationer's shop, and became what is termed a "hackney-writer;" to one of the fraternity in Chancery-lane he was ultimately apprenticed. He was at this time a great admirer of Garrick, whose powers he well remembered, and used to dilate upon; this gave him the first desire for the stage. He was for some time a clerk in the office of the town-clerk at Liverpool; but his first regular engagement on the boards, was as the representative of old men at Leatherhead. He had the actor's customary provincial round at the theatres, and soon became a partner in the Sheffield theatre. On Dec. 2nd, 1790, a few nights after Incledon's appearance, Munden made his bow to the Covent-Garden audience as Sir Francis Gripe, in the "Busy Body," and Jemmy Jumps, in "The Farmer.' He was the original representative of Old Rapid, Caustic, Lazarillo (in "Two Strings to your Bow"), Nipperkin, Sir Abel Handy, and Old Dornton, besides a host not now remembered. In 1813, in consequence of a quarrel respecting the amount of his salary, he joined the Drury-lane Company, making his first appearance there in Sir Abel Handy; here he remained until the 31st of May, 1824, when he took his farewell of the public in the character of Sir Robert Bramble, in the "Poor Gentleman." He was an excellent comic actor, and in some of his parts unrivalled. In private life he was generally esteemed by a very numerous circle of acquaintance, not more on account of his convivial qualities than for others more substantial.

CHARLES GREENWOOD, ESQ.

The late Charles Greenwood, Esq. was a native of Yorkshire, from whence he was sent for education to one of our public colleges. The circumstances of his father, who was a country gentleman of contracted means, rendered the exertion or exercise of the talents of Mr. Greenwood necessary to his future prosperity, and, through the friendship of Mr. Danby, of Swinton Park, Yorkshire, he obtained a desk in the house of Army Agency, of which he for many years was the highly respected chief-a firm as esteemed by the nobility and mercantile world as the Bank of England. To the undeviating and

well-placed confidence of the late Duke of York Mr. Greenwood was indebted for a great part of the very extensive business of his house. He was also a great favourite of George IV. and particularly noticed by his present Majesty. The condescensions of Royalty, which inflate vulgar minds, had no such effect upon Mr. Greenwood; few men were more unassuming or more unobtrusive; and few have bent their minds so completely to acts of disinterested kindness and practical philanthropy as this individual, through a long and laborious career. Among the earliest friends of Mr. Greenwood were, the Marquis Cornwallis, Sir Ralph Abercromby, Lord Lake, Sir W. Meadows, Lord Hutchinson, and a host of others we could enumerate; and in later times, we might add almost every officer of rank and service in the British Army, including the Duke of Wellington and the present Commander-in-Chief, Lord Hill. Mr. Greenwood was always considered by the Duke of York as the able advocate and judicious counsellor of officers, whose want of family influence seemed to require an easy and unembarrassed medium of communication with his Royal Highness as Commander-in-Chief; and the fidelity, industry, and talent of Mr. Greenwood, in promoting the professional views of the many who relied upon his exertions, frequently led officers of high rank and distinguished services to make him the channel through which their requests and claims to head-quarters were conveyed with a propriety and skill which seldom failed in producing the desired effect. Mr. Greenwood expired on the 25th of January, at his Majesty's palace at Brighton: he was on a visit to the King, a circum

stance to him of common occurrence; for his present Majesty highly estimated the individual he was taken ill whilst in the presence of the King, and died within a short time after being removed to his own chamber.

GENERAL BELLIARD.

General Belliard, the Minister Plenipotentiary from France to Belgium, died suddenly on the 29th January. The General had had several previous attacks similar to that which proved fatal. He was in the sixty-third year of his age, and one of the oldest and most distinguished officers of the French army.

He was aide-de-camp to General Dumourier at the commencement of the Revolution; in 1796 he joined the army of Italy under Bonaparte, and distinguished himself at Castiglione, Arcola, &c. He accompanied Bonaparte to Egypt, where he had the command of the province of Thebes, commanded a division at the battle of Heliopolis, defeated the Mame

lakes at Caphtos, and took Cossier. After the assassination of Kleber he took the command of Cairo, returned to France on the capitulation of Alexandria, and was appointed to the command of Brussels. He was at the battle of Austerlitz, was in the campaign against Prussia in 1806, went into Spain, occupied Madrid by capitulation in the month of December 1808. He was with the grand army in 1812, and had a horse killed under him in the battle of Moskowa. He was in favour with Louis XVIII. who created him a chevalier of St. Louis, and gave him a seat in the Chamber of Peers, but being appointed Major-General of the army that was to stop the march of Napoleon to Paris in 1815, he yielded to the enthusiasm of his troops, and was sent on a delicate mission to the King of Naples, which could not succeed. Napoleon, on his return to France, gave him the command of the army of the Moselle. On the entrance of the Allies into Paris, he was confined for some months in the Abbey, but he was soon released, and lived esteemed in private life after his long and active career. After the revolution in July, the Belgian deputation sent to Paris expressed a wish that the General, who had acquired universal esteem during his long residence among them, should be appointed Minister Plenipotentiary of France in Belgium.

MR. HENRY LIVERSEEGE.

It is with no common regret that we announce the death of this young and highlygifted artist, who expired on the 13th of January last, at his residence in Manchester, at the age of twenty-nine. The appreciators of his genius, and those generally interested in art, will doubtless be surprised to learn in how short a portion of that time his powers were developed. The career now so mournfully cut short, was not more successful than brief-the period embraced by his emerging from obscurity to distinction not exceeding the last five years of his life. He laboured from early youth under an organic defect in the chest; he had neither connexions nor fortune to smooth his path through the world; and whilst from infancy painting was the profession he loved and aimed at, it was long before he discovered the branch of art in which lay his peculiar forte. Five years ago he was employed in painting portraits, indifferently executed, at prices more indifferent still. He even painted tavern signs,* for a mere trifle; at the same time, it required little

• A Saracen's Head, and an Ostrich, both painted by Liverseege, yet hang up at two obscure public-houses in Manchester. The Ostrich is bad -the Saracen's Head is well done; and he always spoke of them with interest.

March. VOL. XXXVI. NO. cxxxv.

discrimination to discern the germs of high excellence in his attempts at fancy pictures, which he himself disregarded. His first appearance before the public was in 1827, when he sent to the Manchester Exhibition three small pictures-the subjects, Banditti, which were with difficulty disposed of for a few pounds. His "Recruit," a small picture, painted and sold within the last six months, was eagerly bought at 130 guineas. The first picture that stamped his talent with the public was "Adam Woodcock," purchased by Lord Wilton. He exhibited, at the same time, a "Don Quixote," and a "Scene from the Antiquary," which were likewise immediately purchased. Shortly after, his "Black Dwarf," "Sir Piercie Shafton," and a "Scene from Hamlet," were exhibited at Somerset House; but the piece which first attracted particular notice in London, was a small one at the British Institution-"Hudibras in the Stocks. For the principal figure, and also for the "Black Dwarf," Mr. Liverseege made a clay model to paint from. We have named only a few of his works produced within the last four years; for as he combined great industry with great facility, and sold as fast as he painted, Lancashire alone (his native county) could hang an exhibition-room with his productions. In this estimate we inIclude the water-colour sketches, which he usually made, with great care, prior to painting a subject. These drawings, of which Mr. Liverseege has left many in his portfolio, will not, it is to be hoped, fall into the hands of those unable to appreciate their value, either as sketches or subjects for engraving. They are decidedly fine, both as regards colour and expression; in some respects they excel the pictures. His only finished picture which remains unsold was dispatched to the British Institution a few days prior to his decease. It is a figure of "Don Quixote reading in his Study." Recruit," already Along with it is the " mentioned a picture partaking more of the Teniers' school than any of his other productions, and remarkable for the beauty of the details. Shakspeare and Cervantes were his favourite authors; and so little was his old friend," as death anticipated, that his he playfully termed the former, was laid on his breakfast-table the morning of his decease. He was encumbered with an in

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firm body through life; but it was remarkable that he improved in strength as he experienced encouragement-so much so that his early friends ventured to hope that he might live many years. He was not materially unwell for more than a few days: melancholy presentiments, however, hung over his mind-presentiments too fatally verified on the morning of the 13th.-Athenæum.

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