Accounts for the Quarter ended on the 10th of October is thus highly gratifying. The excess of the last three months is 696,8477., or nearly 700,000l. above the income of the corresponding three months of 1831. This improvement extends not to one branch of national income alone; it arises from no accidental circumstance, like an increase of the duties en corn; but it pervades the whole sources of our revenue, and seems to depend on general and permanent causes. The Customs and the Excise share it in nearly equal proportions. The Assessed Taxes have likewise increased, and only two of the considerable branches of our national income show any deficiency. The increase on the Customs is 256,388.; on the Excise, 297,5917. and on the Assessed Taxes, 116,383/. The deficiency is 23,9861. on the Stamps, and 33,000. on the Post-Office. The latter is easily accounted for from the general election, or the more active correspondence incident to a time of political excitement which swelled the Post-Office revenue last year.

On the whole year, or between the 10th of October last year and the 10th instant,

there has been a falling off of 327,5764.— a sum which will no doubt be fully compensated by the improved revenue of the ensuing quarter.

The result is the more gratifying, as it falsifies more than one sinister prediction, and gives us the assurance that if all the great interests of the nation are not in the most thriving condition, at least its vital resources remain unimpaired. When this state of the Revenue is coupled with the reduction effected in the expenditure, the prospect becomes more cheering. The national gain from this source, in the present quarter, may be estimated at 500,0007. -more than making up for the deficiency on the revenue of the whole, and actually raising the improvement of this quarter over the corresponding quarter of last year, to more than a million sterling.

At the Court at St. James's, the 12th day of October, 1832, present, the King's Most Excellent Majesty in Council, it was ordered, by his Majesty in Council, that the Parliament, which stood prorogued to Tuesday, the 16th of October instant, be further prorogued to Tuesday, the 11th day of December next.

EAST INDIES.

Accounts respecting the ravages of the plague in Bushire are of a most dreadful description. The disease had almost wholly depopulated the district, the deaths having amounted to from 150 to 200 a day. It commenced by great weakness, and the sufferers were then attacked with swellings in the groin, the arm-pits, and back, the pain arising from which was excessive, and continued until death put an end to their misery. At one time there were 2,000 bodies unburied in the streets. The sufferers when attacked crowded to

the mosques, where most of them died, and it was not until decomposition had commenced that they were buried. Men were hired at high wages to perform this duty, and at one time 100 persons were so employed. In most of the houses from one to four dead bodies were left unburied for some days. In the Residency Court dead bodies were left exposed. Notwithstanding the existence of this dreadful state of things, several thieves had pillaged the houses. The Residency had been broken open, and everything valu. able stolen. Whole families were swept off by the disease, and the utmost distress prevailed.

Accounts from Calcutta, to the begin ning of April, state that the weather was extremely hot. It appears there was an unusual scarcity of money among the native merchants, and that the market was in consequence in an inactive state. Indeed, imports were at a depressed rate scarcely ever before known, and of piece goods but very few sales could be effected, although they were offered at very losing prices. Freight to London was 61. to 61. 6s. Complaints had been received from different indigo districts lamenting the want of rain, while in others too much had fallen; but nothing had occurred materially to alter the prospects of the crops, which still remained extremely favourable.

WEST INDIES.

The recent accounts from Jamaica state that the Earl of Mulgrave, the new Governor, was making a tour through the most important districts of the island, and doing his utmost to allay the irritated feelings of the two great opposing parties. The blacks on three of the estates at Savannah le Mar had again risen, but, by the timely assistance of the military, were put down without much bloodshed; only two lives having become forfeited. In the papers

there is published a patent of land from the Crown to the colonists of Jamaica, which imposes upon them, as the means of validating the grant, the absolute necessity of having four negroes for every hundred acres of land for five years from its settlement. Accounts from St. Lucia represent that island in a state of great discontent and distress, in consequence of the rigid enforcement of the Orders of Council by government.

MAURITIUS.

The arrival of Mr. Jeremie, at the Mauritius, as the bearer of the Order in Council of November last for the regulation of slave labour, had thrown the colony into a state of excitement altogether without a parallel since the period of its acquisition by this country. A desperate determination seems to have been adopted, on the part of the inhabitants, not to allow that

Order in Council to be carried into execution. Meetings were held, and the governor was besieged with addresses to induce him to suspend its promulgation. As a further indication of the feeling of the inhabitants, the shops were shut, the works suspended in the sugar plantations, and business of every kind put a stop to. Unable to bear up against this extraordinary state of things, the governor at length gave way, and it was publicly announced that Mr. Jeremie had taken his departure for England; in consequence of which, the shops all re-opened, and establishments of every description resumed their occupations on the 14th of July. Even those legal functions with which Mr. Jeremie had been invested on leaving England were invalidated. The Court of Justice was summoned to meet on the 14th, for the purpose of registering the commission of Mr. Jeremie, as Procureur and Attorney-General, but it was declared illegal by the Judges for one individual to hold both these situations. Mr. Jeremie is the author of a pamphlet on Slavery, and his sentiments on this subject are the cause of the shameful and illegal conduct of the planters towards him. By their proceedings on this occasion, the planters have set at defiance the British Govern

ment.

More recent accounts state that the governor had issued a proclamation to the negroes, to disabuse them of the mistake that the King had granted them liberty. The proclamation further enjoined that they should obey the law, and perform

their duties to their masters. On the other hand, the "Council," as the Committee of the Colonists called themselves, put forth the following "order," as it is termed :-" Order of the 5th of June, 1832-No longer acknowledge the tribunals; keep the shops shut-stop all business. Do not recognize the Protector nor his assistants, nor pay any imposts. Let the Assessors go no longer to the Court― stop the sale of all arrack so long as Jeremie and Thomas shall be in the colony."*

NEWFOUNDLAND.

In the Newfoundland "Royal Gazette"

has been published a proclamation for summoning a general assembly, by which also the colony is divided into districts, and the qualification both of the electors and members is determined. These are placed on an extremely liberal footing. Every man who has attained the age of twenty-one years, and has occupied any house within the island, either as owner or tenant, for two years preceding the election, is eligible to become a member of the assembly. The qualification of an elector is precisely the same, except that an occupation for one year previous to the election is declared to be sufficient. This

proclamation had given much satisfaction to the colonists, who had been led to expect, from the terms of the governor's commission, that the privilege would be

limited to freeholders.

NEW SOUTH WALES.

Accounts from Sydney state that a discovery of some valuable districts in the interior has been made by George Clark, a bushranger, who had been committed to the gaol of Sydney. He had succeeded in attaching himself to the aborigines, beyond Bathurst, so as to be adopted as a member of the different tribes with whom he travelled. He spoke confidently of the discovery of a great river far to the north, and of a rich tract of country eligible for settlers to a great extent on the northern side of the river, extending to the sea

coast.

A Packet recently arrived from the Leeward Islands has brought a Circular addressed by the Governors of the West Indian Islands to the Legislatures, announcing officially that the recommendation to adopt, as a law, the Order in Council of the 2d of November last, is not for the present to be pressed upon.

With respect to the Crown Colonies, the Government still continues firm. A very able dispatch from Lord Goderich to the Governor mother country is pursuing, has been published,

of Trinidad, explanatory of the course which the

3 F2

FRANCE.

The French Ministry is at length formed, and has been thus officially announced in

the Moniteur :

Marshal Soult, Duke of Dalmatia, and President of the Council of Ministers, Minister of War, in the room of M. Casimir Perier, deceased.

The Duc de Broglie, Minister of Foreign

Affairs, vice Sebastiani.

M. Humann, Minister of Finance, in

the room of M. Montalivet.

M. Thiers, Minister of the Interior, in the room of Baron Louis.

M. Guizot (Deputy), Minister of Public Instruction, vice M. Girod de l'Ain.

M. Barthe (Deputy), Keeper of the Seals, and Administrator of Ecclesiastical Affairs.

Admiral de Rigny remains Minister of the Marine and M. D'Argout of Commerce and Public Works.

In addition to this nomination of Ministers, the Moniteur has published other Ordonnances by which the Chambers are convoked for the 19th November, and Baron Louis and M. Girod de l'Ain are

created Peers of France. The latter is also appointed President of the Council of State (a tribunal resembling that into which our Privy Council resolves itself to hear appeals.) A variety of minor arrangements are also announced in the Moniteur. We find among them, that the Prefects and other Civil Functionaries, and the National Guards, are placed under the authority of the Minister of Commerce and Public Works.

The

Marshal Soult has addressed a "Circular" to all the Authorities Civil and Mi. litary of France, calling upon them to support him energetically, should occasion arise, in repressing disturbance. Marshal ascribes his appointment to the Ministry, partly to the good-will of his Sovereign, partly to the recollection of some late services which he has had the honour of rendering to his country: and the policy which he means to pursue is stated to be one of vigour and decision, and characterized at once by a regard to the cultivation of internal tranquillity and of external peace. It promises, first, to put an end to all foreign questions which are at present unsettled; from which it may be easily gathered that no means will be left untried, nor any expense or exertion spared, to settle the affairs of Belgium; secondly, it promises to re-establish and to maintain peace and order at home, by supporting the friends of the Government, on the one hand, and putting down by

force, if necessary, its enemies, on the other, be they Carlists or Republicans; and, thirdly, it declares that in all matters the system of M. Perier shall be persevered in, and the glory of France, so long dear

to the Marshal. be the first consideration of the new Cabinet.

In addition to this "Circular," the

official Journal publishes a Royal Ordon

nance, with a list of the names of sixty-one individuals created Peers of France.

HOLLAND.

The Speech of the King of Holland at the opening of the States-General, on the 15th October, expresses his disappoint ment at his inability to announce the termination of the difficulties occasioned by "the revolt in Belgium." He alludes to the moderation he has displayed, which instead of leading to a final adjustment, had only increased unreasonable demands. He al ludes to the amount and efficiency of his land and sea forces-to their experience and discipline to the conduct of the local authorities, in calling out and organizing the militia-to the readiness of the recruits to join their brothers in arms—and to the

provision made for the families whose supporters should become martyrs to the public cause. following terms:— The speech concludes in the

"Heavy, however, are the burdens which the nation must yet bear; and the future remains still clouded. But the sense of honour and patriotism, which unanimously pervades the whole nation, makes her bear those burdens with an universal

good will, and contribute with enthusiasm to the maintenance and protection of her national cha

racter.

"Those feelings, Noble and Mighty Lords, must give us confidence. A nation who do not forget the glory of their ancestors, and who render themselves so eminent in the present day by their attachment to law and good order, has a claim to respect from foreign countries. In the unanimity of the people, and in the justness of our cause, we find the strongest support; and by a mutual participation in the exigencies of the State, we have the firmest hope that, with full confidence in the Omnipotent Ruler of the world, in proper time, we shall be enabled to let our fellow-countrymen reap the fruit of the noblest perseverance."

It appears to be at length determined to bring the Belgian question to a final settlement, by compelling the King of Holland to execute the Treaty of 1831 agreed to by the Five Powers. For this purpose orders have been issued for the assembling at Spithead, with as little delay as is practicable, of a powerful squadron, to be placed under the command of Sir P. Malcolm, to proceed to the Scheldt,

and of acting in conjunction with a French fleet, in enforcing compliance on the part of the King of Holland with the wishes of the Five Powers.

The English Government has been very reluctant to adopt any measure of coercion; but since the King of Holland has proved by his late conduct that he is resolved not to make peace with Belgium on any terms that he is determined to embroil Europe, if possible, in order to gratify his selfish ambition by a Belgic conquest-and that rather than surrender his obstinate warlike purposes, he is prepared to bid defiance to all his Allies, a large English and French fleet is, with the full concurrence of the Allies, to be despatched to the coast of Holland, to blockade his ports, and bring him to his senses.

GREECE.

The young King of Greece was proclaimed and installed at the Palace of Preysing (Bavaria) on the 8th instant.

CHINA.

Late advices from China announce that a revolt had taken place in that empire. It appears that the rebel forces had taken a very strong position, being a species of amphitheatre, surrounded by mountains, and only accessible through narrow passes among the hills. These passes were entirely occupied by the rebels, under the command of a youth of eighteen, who as sumed the title of King Le, and issued his mandates in the first year of his reign. Owing to these local advantages, they had worsted all the troops sent against them. The Governor of the province of Hoo-nam who at the commencement of the revolt had proceeded to the scene of action with all the disposable force of the province, had been obliged to retire precipitately, in consequence of the rebels having made demonstrations to attack his flank and rear. The troops of the Emperor are reported to be much dispirited, in consequence of the general belief that the revolters were leagued with evil spirits, and protected by them; and this superstition was likely to cause the rebels' progress to be for some time unimpeded.

TURKEY.

Accounts from Constantinople, dated the 10th of September, state that the last remnant of the Turkish army was defeated at Bylau, and that Ibrahim occupied Adana.

The successive defeats, by sea and land, which the Sultan has recently experienced from the ruler of Egypt, have been as rapid as they were unexpected. As an explanation of the military and naval superiority

PERU.

By a decree, dated February 20, 1832, various articles, before prohibited, are declared admissible into the territories of the Republic, subject to duties of importation, viz. wearing-apparel made up, boots, shoes, chairs, upholstery, furniture, carriages, thread, leather, and cigars, subject to a duty of 90 per cent. ad valorem, of which 50 per cent. must be paid in silver, the rest in notes. Barrels of flour, weighing less than eight arrobas each, will pay nine dollars duty. On Cuba and other West India tobacco, sixty dollars a quintal; snuff, six reals per lb.; wine, in casks, two dollars the arroba; wine, in bottles, three dollars per dozen, except champagne, which will pay six dollars per dozen; tallow, one real per lb.; olive oil, in barrels, five dollars per barrel; in bottles, four dollars per dozen; wool and silk hose, four dollars per pair; straw hats, made either in Europe or Asia, five dollars each. The following articles are prohibited:-Coarse woollens, flannel, and baize, gunpowder and saltpetre, sugar, soap, brandy, rice, vegetables, hog's lard, and tallow candles; these may, however, remain four months in the port where they are landed; but if not exported at the end of that time, they will be seized, and the owner fined according to their value. Another decree declares that after the 1st day of March, 1832, Callao shall become a port of deposit, in which goods may remain four months, without paying any deposit duties, after which those not prohibited may remain twenty months, paying storage, unless their decay should have rendered it necessary to eject them before the termination of that period.

Memoirs of General Lafayette, and of the French Revolution of 1830. By B. Sarrans, Secretary to General Lafayette. 2 vols.

We live in an age of revolutions. The antagonist powers of good and evil-of despotism and liberty-of arbitrary domination and just government-are conflicting for the political regeneration of the civilized world. The clamour raised against revolutions is, for the most part, as senseless as it is unavailing; the cry should be directed against the tyranny, the oppression, and the crimes which render them necessary. Where is there an instance of a whole people cashiering their rulers, bringing them to condign punishment, and changing the form of their government, who were not first driven to desperation by the systematic and accumulating wrongs which rendered their social condition odious and intolerable? It is admitted that revolutions are calamities of appalling magnitude; but they sink into nothing when compared with the evils of a long-established despotism. Perhaps the strongest case that can be made out against the character of revolutions, considering the atroci. ties which sometimes mark their progress, and their apparent failure, is that of France, in the year 1789; but a very little knowledge of the history of Bourbon tyranny will suffice to prove that, whatever were the horrors which accompanied its annihilation, they are chargeable, not upon the Revolution, but upon the monstrous system which, as a whirlwind, it swept away. Revolutions are mild, or otherwise, according to the moral materials with which they have to work. When tyranny is absolute, and carried, on for many years through all the departments of a government corrupted to the core, it is impossible to conceive its stupifying and demoralizing influence upon the understandings and principles of a community. Bad governments make bad citizens; and we agree with one of our ablest contemporaries :-"We believe it to be a rule without an exception, that the violence of a revolution corresponds to the degree of misgovernment which has produced that revolution. Why was the French Revolution so bloody and destructive?-why was our Revolution of 1641 comparatively mild ?-why was our Revolution of 1688 milder still-why was the American Revolution, considered as an internal movement, the mildest of all? There is an obvious and complete solution of the problem. The English under James the Second and Charles the First were less oppressed than the French under Louis the Fifteenth and Louis the Sixteenth the English were less oppressed after the Restoration than before the Great Rebellion; and America, under George the Third, was less oppressed than England under the Stuarts. The re-action was exactly proportioned to the pressure,-the vengeance to the provocation."

General Lafayette, in his own person, and the halo of moral glory which he has shed around him, is the bright, and, we believe, the only living representative of three revolutions, all of

them necessary, if it be necessary that men should breathe the air of freedom. The first and the last of these require no vindication; they at once and for ever glorify themselves. The happy results of one, half a century has developed in every form of civilization and improve. ment; and if Louis Philippe, in the very madness of misrule, should exchange the glory of the other for the ignominy of an unchartered throne, he will provoke, as he will assuredly deserve, the execrations and vengeance of insulted millions. It is the great revolution of 1789 which Lafayette has lived to illustrate, whose principles he has fairly developed, and whose beneficial results he has maintained and justified with a truth and eloquence which few will hereafter be hardy enough to gainsay.

On one occasion, in the Chamber of Deputies, of which he was a member, and surrounded with aristocrats and the enemies of liberty, he nobly exclaimed, "Gentlemen, the crimes and disasters which we all execrate and deplore, are no more to be set down to the account of the revolution, than the massacre of St. Bartholomew is to be laid to the charge of religion, or the eighteen thousand judicial murders of the Duke of Alva to that of monarchy. The revolution was the emancipation and development of the human faculties, and the restoration of nations. This is so true, that the friends of liberty have always been, and still are, hated, by the adversaries of the revolution, in proportion to the efforts they have made to prevent its being sullied by crimes and excesses."

Provoked by expressions of regret at the destruction of the old system, Lafayette drew the following picture of it:-"Then disappeared that clerical corporation, which, while it exercised every description of influence, and refused to pay any share of public contributions, was incessantly increased. No part of its immense wealth was ever alienated; but all was distributed in its own class in an inverse ratio to la bour. The law was a party in the exaction of vows too often compulsory, and France was covered with monastic orders, devoted to foreign chiefs. The clergy levied at once the contributions of opulence and mendicity; and in its secular organization was so wholly devoted to worldly indolence, that the labouring ministers were but an insignificant portion of what was called the first order of the state.

"We saw the disappearance of that corpora tion of sovereign courts in which the power of judging was venal by law, and hereditary and noble in fact; in which feodal judges were chosen and revocable by their lords; and in which the diversity of codes, and the jurisprudence of decrees made a cause be lost in one court which would have been gained in another; in which every plaintiff, by purchasing the most insignificant place about court, could drag the adverse party from the farthest extreme of the kingdom to Paris; in which all the grievances arising out of esprit de corps were multiplied by the dependence of a host of lawyers; in which all rational ideas, all useful discoveries were formally proscribed, and which, even in a just cause, could not resist the express command of