bitumens by distillation, and combine them with alcohol, or spirits of wine. This I do in such proportions as may be found expedient, according to the nature and purity of the articles employed. When the alcohol is highly rectified, it will com bine with a larger portion of the other ingredients, than that which is of lower proof. The general rule is to add to the alcohol as much of the other ingredient as can be taken into combination with it, which may vary from one-fourth to oneeighth part, the quantity of alcohol always greatly predominating. The combination of liquids thus produced, I use as a substitute for oil, to burn in lamps of any de scription in which oil may be burnt. The same gentleman has also invented a new method of preparing ardent spirit from grain. He takes the grain, meal, flour, or other vegetable matter to be fermented, and adds to it a quantity of water sufficient to give it a consistence about equal to that of homminy, or paste, and in this state adds to it yeast or other ferment, and allows the vinous fermentation to take place; as soon as this is completed, and before acidity commences, he places the material so fermented in proper distilling vessels, and submits it to the proper degree of heat, by means of steam, heated air, or any other agent, the temperature of which can be governed so as to prevent all danger of burning, and then draws off all the spirit from it. After this has been effected, he continues the heating process until the vegetable substance is rendered as completely dry as though it had been kiln dried. This substance is then fit to be stowed away, or ground into meal and bolted, so as to be employed as food for man and animals. Wheat, or any other grain which has been submitted to this process, will make perfectly sweet bread, and will rise without requiring yeast or other ferment. New Manufacture of Bar Iron-After its fusion, the metal being wrought by the labour of the workman to the state of iron, the mass or piece is drawn from the finery and carried under the hammer to be what is called scourged (cinglée), an expression used in almost all the forges in the eastern part of France. According to the ordinary proceeding, the mass placed under the hammer takes a lengthened form of from eighteen to thirty inches, more or less, according to its bulk, upon a square of from four to six inches, the angles of which are rebated. By the new process, the piece is taken in the same manner, and primarily lengthened under the hammer; but when it has reached the half or twothirds of its required length, the workman takes it by one hand with his pincers, and places it vertically, one end upon the anvil, and the other under the hammer, which is so disposed as to accommodate itself to this position. The hammer then strikes upon the upper extremity of the metal, mills, and partially flattens it by degrees, giving to it a different form and direction by carrying the centre to the extremities. The iron being thus milled into itself, the extremities, which were filled with crevices, are closed and brought into the centre, rendered adhesive in all their parts, compact, massive, completely welded, and cleared from all scoriæ: so that every compartment of the bar, absolutely homogeneous, and of the same quality, is fit to be employed for purposes requiring the best quality of iron, such, for instance, the bar forged after this method need not be thrown aside, as has been hitherto the custom, on account of their being flawy and otherwise imperfect. as fine iron wire. The two extremities of the invention of Mr. Edwards of BirPhilosophic Alphabet.-This, which is mingham, is written on a musical staff, or four lines or spaces resembling it. -The top line is one inch from the bottom one, a third divides the intermediate space into two spaces of half an inch each, and the fourth is between the top line and the middle one. The letters or characters are very numerous: some of them are merely dots or dashes, others are drawn only between the two upper lines, or across the highest space; others elongated to the centre line, and others again drawn down the full inch. These long letters have hair strokes, or up strokes, as the y and the g of the written alphabet, and these up strokes invariably begin at the third line or terminate thereon. The pothooks and hangers, or elements of the written alphabet, are the component parts of the system also. The accent is marked by short and arbitrary characters, placed like the Hebrew vowels, below the accented letters. This is the mechanical part of the invention. There is exhibited a considerable knowledge of the genius and affinities of languages in the arrangement of sounds to be represented; thus the labial mutes B, P, V, and their aspirates Bh, Ph, F are classed together, and the dental mutes T, D, with the hard and soft Teutonic Th, make another family, of which the characters, like the sounds, approximate. In all, the characters are 52. Now, if these characters represent all the sounds of which voice is capable, it follows that he who has carefully studied them will be able to pronounce with accuracy any words written in those characters, whatever may be the language or dialect in which those words exist, and without any obligato knowledge of their meaning. Auchtermuchty is an aukward name for an Englishman to pronounce, although to Scottish organs its utterance is a facile operation. If, however, an Englishman will take the trouble to acquire the sound represented by ch in Scotland, his difficulty is over, and without that previous labour, the word would be no more easy of enunciation, if written in the phonetic alphabet of Mr. Edwards, or any other characters. Rice Glue.-An elegant cement may be made from rice flour, which is at present used for that purpose in China and Japan. It is only necessary to mix the rice flour intimately with cold water, and gently simmer it over a fire, when it readily forms a delicate and durable cement, not only answering all the purposes of common paste, but admirably adapted for joining together paper, cards, &c. in forming the various beautiful and tasteful ornaments which afford much amusement and employment to the ladies. When made of the consistence of plaster or clay, models, busts, bas relievos, &c., may be formed of it, and the articles, when dry, are susceptible of a high polish, and very durable. Transparent Record Paper.-This novel method of preparing paper is the invention of Mr. Harrison, of King's-road, Chelsea. Its advantages over other transparent papers are in its varied substances, from fine tissue to thick drawing-paper, each highly transparent, and capable of oil or water colours being floated over its surface, receiving pencil or ink lines freely and unbroken, whereby it is adapted for making fac-simile copies of writings, plans, or drawings by any person; and the original opaqueness of the paper is restored by the application of water on the back. Its texture is beautiful for drawing upon, and may be folded without cracking. For ladies' amusement there is one substance of it precisely resembling ground-glass, and the effect of water or varnish-colours thereon affords an opportunity for the display of taste without the danger of breaking. A New Sympathetic Ink, by M. Pajot Laporet.-Dissolve some pure manganese in distilled water. Let this liquid be slightly gummed, then trace the characters with it, which will remain invisible. When it is wished to read them, the paper is to be damped with eau de javelle (chloruret of potash) which will give the letters a yellow cast, if the paper remains in the chloruret for ten minutes. The paper may also be traced with black characters with common ink, and will disappear if subjected to the action of the chloruret, which revives the Sympathetic Ink, so that the interlineations of a common letter may contain an invisible ink. -Journal des Connoissances Usuelles. PATENTS LATELY GRANTED. Charles Watt, of Clapham, in the county of Surrey, Surgeon, for his invention of a new or improved method or process of preparing tallow and stuff from fatty materials, and refining the same for the manufacture of candles, and other purposes. Joseph Amise, of Loses, in the county of Kent, Paper Maker, for certain improvements in the construction of apparatus to be employed in making paper. John Travis, the younger, of Shaw Mills, near Manchester, in the county of Lancaster, Cotton Spinner, for certain improvements in machinery for roving cotton and other fibrous substances. William Palmer, of George Place, Old Street Road, in the county of Middlesex, Candle Maker, for improvements in making candles, and candlesticks, or apparatus for holding candles. John Joyce, of Sidmouth-street, Gray's Inn Road, in the county of Middlesex, Gentleman, for a certain improvement or improvements in machinery for making nails. Communicated to him by a certain foreigner residing abroad. John Swan, of Basingstoke, in the county of Hants, Brewer, for certain improvements in brewing. Sherman Converse, of New York, in the United States of America, at present residing in Ludgate Hill, in the city of London, Gentleman, for certain improvements in making or manufacturing metallic rails for the construction of rail roads Communicated to him by a certain foreigner re siding abroad. Joseph Gibbs, of Kent Terrace, Kent Road, in the county of Surrey, Engineer, and Augustus Applegarth, of Crayford, in the county of Kent, Calico Printer, for certain improvements in steam carriages. John White, of the town of Southampton, Engineer and Iron Founder, for certain improvements in the construction of pumps or engines for raising water or other fluids. William Woods, the Elder, of Newcastle Street, Farringdon Street, in the city of London, Steel Pen Manufacturer, for a certain improvement or improvements in the construction of metal pens. James William Durrant, of Brewer Street, Somers' Town, in the parish of St. Pancras, and county of Middlesex, Smith, for an improved mode or modes, method or methods of securing, combining, and preserving printed, written, or plain papers, prints, drawings, music, or other similar matters, so as to be readily accessible, easily referred to, and capable of being taken asunder, and replaced at any time with facility. 9s. Life of General Baird, 2 vols. 8vo. 30s. Memoir of Captain Peter Heywood, R.N., 8vo. M'Farlane's Lives and Exploits of Banditti and Robbers, 2 vols. 8vo. 16 Engravings, 21s. EDUCATION. Brandicourt's Plan for Teaching the French Verbs, two sheets, 2s. 6d. Lucien de Rudelle's Conjugating Dictionary of all the French Verbs, 8vo. 4s. 6d. De Lolme's Tableau Général de la Langue Française, 16mo, 7s. 6d. Taylor's System of Short Hand, edited by Cooke, fcp. 4s. Harmonière's Guide de la Conversation An. glaise et Française, 18mo. 3s. 6d. Gibson's French, English, and Latin Vocabulary, 18mo. 2s. Hiley's English Exercises and Composition, 12mo. 2s. 6d. O'Brien's Irish and English Dictionary, 8vo. 12s.; large paper, 18s. Davy's Latin Syntax, 12mo. 3s. JURISPRUDENCE. Pinkerton's Island of Propontis, and other Poems, fcp. 58. 58. Fisher's Drawing-room Scrap-Book, 4to. 21s. Valpy's Shakspeare, with Illustrations, Vol. I. Becket, a Tragedy, by R. Cattermole, 8vo. 78. Planche's Lays and Legends of the Rhine, royal 8vo. 10s. 6d. Roberts' Oriental Scenes, Sketches, and Tales, 1 vol. post 8vo. 10s. 6d. Lyric Leaves, by Cornelius Webbe, 18mo. 3s. NOVELS, TALES, ETC. Trollope's (Mrs.) Refugee in America, 3 vols. post 8vo, 17. 11s. 6d. Roscoe's Spanish Novelists, 3 vols. post 8vo. 278. East India Sketch-Book, 2 vols. 8vo. 21s. Our Island, 3 vols. post 8vo. 17. 11s. 6d. Shipp's Eastern Story-Teller, 18mo. 6s. Edgeworth's Novels and Tales, Vol. VII. Fashionable Tales, Vol. II. 5s. The String of Pearls, by the Author of "Darnley," 2 vols. fcp. 15s. The Magdalen, and other Tales, by J. S. Knowles, 12mo. 4s. 6d. Robinson Crusoe, illustrated by George Cruikshank, 3 vols. in 1, 21s:; large paper, 17. 11s. 6d. Romance in Ireland, Siege of Maynooth, 2 vols. post 8vo. 16s. THEOLOGICAL. Archdeacon Hodson's Morning Discourses, 8vo. 10s. 6d. Marriott's Sermons, 12mo. 3s. 6d. Theological Library, Vol. III.; Smedley's History of the Reformed Religion in France, Vol. I. 68. Rev. H. E. Head's Sermons, 8vo. 6s. 6d. Penrose's Explanatory Lectures on St. Matthew, 12mo. 68. 6d. The Preacher, Vol. IV. 7s. 6d. Sermons by Wesleyan Ministers, 8vo. 10s. 6d. Works of John Howe, 1 vol. imperial 8vo. 21. 28. Bishop Huntingford's Posthumous Works, 8vo. 12s, Hintou's Harmony of Religious Truth, 12mo. 5s. 6d. Rose's Scriptural Researches, 12mo. 7s. 6d. Coghlan's Scripture Commentary, 2 vols. 8vo. MISCELLANEOUS. History in all Ages, 12mo. 7s. Geography in all Ages, 12mo. 85. History of the Jews in all Ages, fcp. 10s. 6d. Grier's Mechanic's Calculator, 12mo. 5s. 6d. New Readings of Old Authors, No. I. Romeo and Juliet, ls. 6d. Classical Library, Vol. XXXV., Euripides, Vol. II., 4s. 6d. 28. Drewry on Suspension Bridges, 8vo. 12s. Showell's Housekeeper's Account-Book, 1833, Affection's Gift, 1833, 38. Adcock's Engineer's Pocket-Book, 1833, 6s. Encyclopædia Metropolitana, 4th Division, Miscellaneous and Logic, Vol. IX. 1. 18s. Phelan's Remains, 2 vols. 8vo. 10s. 6d. Donglas's Naval Evolutions, 8vo. 10s. Burke's History of the Commoners, Part I. 8vo. 7s. 6d. The Amethyst, 1833, Ss. 6d, Panorama of Torquay, with Map, &c. 7s. 6d. A Mother's First Thoughts, 18mo. 3s. The Clergy of the Kirk of Scotland, arranged, &c. with Maps, 5s. 6d. Crocker on the Theory of the Latin Subjunc. tive, 12mo. 48. Excitement for 1833, 4s. 6d. hf.-bd. 6s. mor. Whewell's First Principles of Mechanics, 8vo. 6s. Steel's Shipmaster's Assistant corrected to October, 1832, by Stikeman, 8vo. 21s. Passion and Reason, or the Modern Quintitian Brothers, 4 vols. 12mo. 17. 16s. Hogarth's Works, Major's edition, 55 Plates and 12 Woodcuts, 1 vol. 8vo. 14. 198.; India proofs, 21. 178. LITERARY "The Lauread," a Literary, Political, and Naval Satire, by the Author of "Cavendish." "The Memoirs of the Court of France," by the late King Louis XVIII., are nearly ready for publication. Gifford's long looked-for edition of Shirley, uniform with his Ben Jonson and Massinger, will appear immediately; with a new Portrait, engraved by Lupton. "Memorials of the Professional Life and Times of Sir William Penn," are announced by Granville Penn, Esq. Our readers may remember that he was a Knight, Admiral, and General of the Fleet during the Interregnum ; and Admiral, and Commissioner of the Admiralty and Navy, after the Restoration. The period embraced is very interesting, viz. from 1644 to 1670. Also, edited by the same Author, "The Character of a Trimmer: his Opinions of, 1. The Laws and Government; 2. Protestant Religion; 3. The Papists; 4. Foreign Affairs." By the Honourable Sir William Coventry, Knight. First printed in 1687. Mr. Prout has proposed to publish by subscription a royal folio volume, containing Fifty Architectural and Picturesque Subjects, in Flanders aud Germany, drawn on Stone by himself, and Fac-similes of his Sketches made on the spot. We consequently look for a delightful work of art, full of truth and spirit. A Canadian tale, entitled "Bellegarde," is announced for early publication. "Historical Memoirs of the House of Russell, from the Norman Conquest, by J. H. Wiffen; with unpublished Correspondence, from the Reign of Henry VIII. to that of George III. inclusive." Illustrated by Portraits, Views, and Armorial Bearings. "The Seasons: Stories for very Young Chil REPORT. dren. (Winter.)" By the Author of "Conversations on Chemistry," &c. &c. "Sketches of Vesuvius," with Short Accounts of its principal Eruptions," by John Auldja, Esq. "The Greek Anthology, translated into English Verse, and chronologically arranged: containing all the Translations comprised in Bland's Collections,' with Additions, &c." arranged and edited by Charles Merivale, Esq. "Paris, or the Book of the Hundred and One, being a translation from the French work Le Livre des Cent-et-Un.'" "Inquiry concerning that disturbed State of the Vital Functions usually denominated Constitutional Irritation," by Benjamin Travers, Senior Surgeon to St. Thomas's Hospital. "The Morbid Anatomy of some of the most important Parts of the Human Body," by Matthew Baillie, M.D.; with "Preliminary Observations on Diseased Structures," by James Wardrop, Surgeon to the King, &c. A prospectus is issued of a periodical, under the title of "Finden's Gallery of the Graces;" to consist of a series of lovely Female Portrait Sketches, from original pictures, under the superintendence of W. and E. Finden, and accompanied by poetical illustrations by T. K. Hervey, Esq. Mr. Murray is preparing for speedy publication a new monthly illustrative work, consisting of Views of the most remarkable Places mentioned in the Bible, called "Landscape Illustrations of the Old and New Testament." The Drawings, by J. M. W. Turner, R.A., are copied from original and authentic Sketches taken on the spot by Artists and Travellers; and the Plates are to be engraved by William and Edward Finden, and other eminent Artists. BIOGRAPHICAL PARTICULARS OF CELEBRATED PERSONS, LATELY DECEASED. LORD TENTERDEN. Charles Abbott, Baron Tenterden, of Hordon, county Middlesex, in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, so created 30th April, 1827, a Privy Councillor, Lord Chief Justice of the Court of King's Bench, Deputy Speaker of the House of Lords, an official Trustee of the British Museum, was born on the 7th October, 1762, and died on the 5th November, 1832. His Lordship's parents moved in humble life, and resided at a house which stood on the left hand side of the western principal entrance to the Cathedral of Canterbury, in the grammar-school of which city he was prepared for the University of Oxford, his rapid acquirement of knowledge inducing his father to relinquish his intention of placing him in trade, in the hope of obtaining a foundation fellowship. Mr. Abbott exhibited the same vigour and perseverance in his studies at Oxford, where he was entered of Cor pus Christi College, as he had done at Canterbury, and he speedily obtained a fellowship and a tutorship. His success in the latter office introduced him to the family of the late eminent Mr. Justice Buller, and determined him to seek his fame and fortune at the Bar, to which he was called by the Hon. Society of the Middle Temple. It is somewhat remarkable that Sir Francis Buller was as warm a patron of the late Lord Ellenborough as of Lord Tenterden. Lord Ellenborough, indeed, scarcely knew the learned Judge till they met in the London Courts, after Mr. Law began practice, but from that period Mr. Justice Buller paid him unremitting attention,-a circumstance that contributed to compensate Mr. Law for the enmity of Lord Kenyon, whom he nevertheless succeeded in his Presidency of the Court of King's Bench. On the death of Sir Francis Buller, Lord Ellenborough befriended Mr. Abbott; and it is said that he was entirely indebted to his Lordship's influence for advancement to a Puisne Judgeship in the Common Pleas, which took place on the death of Mr. Justice Heath, in 1816. On the demise of Mr. Justice Le Blanc in the same year, Mr. Justice Abbott was appointed to suc His Lordship presented the Free Grammar School of Canterbury, where his education so auspiciously commenced, with two annual prizes, one for the best English essay, and the other for the best Latin verse, in addition to a contribu tion every year of 51. to the School Feast Society. ceed him, and on the 14th of May, 1816, he received the honour of Knighthood. Lord Ellenborough's decline and retirement made way for Sir C, Abbott's higher advancement, and in November, 1818, he became the successor of his patron to the Chief Justiceship of the King's Bench. It is generally understood that, when the late Lord Gifford was raised to the dignity of the Peerage, a few years back, a coronet was offered to Sir Charles Abbott, and declined. When he accepted the honour in 1827, it was generally believed that he did so with the view of an early retirement from the cares of office to the enjoyment of the otium cum dignitate. Lord Tenterden married, the 13th of July, 1795, Mary, eldest daughter of John Lagier Lamotte, Esq., by whom, who survives him, he has left two sons and two daughters, viz., John Henry, Barrister-at-law, Marshal and Associate to the King's Bench (the present Peer), Charles, a Lieutenant in the 14th Dragoons, and Mary and Catherine, unmarried. We extract from "The Times" th following sketch of his character:-"Lor Tenterden was a person who, though not much known as an advocate, had the highest reputation in that character, which once gave the name, and is still the most important feature of the profession of the bar-the character of a Counsellor.' His business, before he was promoted to the Bench, was so extensive, that during the income-tax his return was for many years the largest made by any lawyer, showing at once his professional influence and his integrity. He was not merely a lawyer : he was one of the best classical and mathematical scholars of the age, and up to the last days of his existence was constantly occupied in mastering every kind of knowledge, both popular and scientific. Still, upon the whole, his powers of mind, though considerable, were not of the highest order; they were more discriminative than creative. To extensive acquaintance with the common law of England, in which he was unequalled since the days of Holt, we may rather say of Lord Coke, the deceased Judge united extraordinary (though not invariable) calmness of temper, the more remarkable as he was constitutionally vehement and imperious-patience in watching and balancing the arguments of counsel, or the facts disclosed in evidence -and skill in laying the merits of the most complex case before a jury. Like the great bulk of trained lawyers, Lord Ten |