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CHAPTER XXIV.
HIS MOST SERENE HIGHNESS, THE DICTATOR.
1853.
Ceballos is Confirmed as President-Inefficient Measures-Suppression
of the Congress-Plan of Arroyozarco-Resignation of Ceballos-
Lombardini Succeeds-Nepotism and Corruption-Electoral Cam-
paign-Victory of Santanists and Conservatives-Return of Santa
Anna-His Ministry and Policy-A Centralized Administration-
Reconstruction of the Army and its Object-Favoritism, Espionage,
and Persecution-A Few Redeeming Efforts-Death of Alaman,
the Great Conservative Leader-Pomp and Arrogance of the Dicta-
tor-Orders and Titles-Visions of Empire......
CHAPTER XXV.
OVERTHROW OF DICTATOKIAL RULE.
1854-1855.
Santa Anna's Despotism and its Consequences-Plan of Ayutla-Juan
Álvarez and Ignacio Comonfort-Santa Anna's Campaign in Guer-
rero-Disturbed Condition of Mexico-Sale of National Territory-
A Farcical Plebiscit-Santa Anna Confirmed in Power-His Attempt
at a Change of Policy-Conservative Opposition-End of Santa
Anna's Public Career-Counter-revolution in Mexico-President
Carrera-His Conciliatory Efforts-Reactionary Intrigues-Liberal
Triumph-Alvarez Chosen Provisional President.
CHAPTER XXVI.
LIBERAL INSTITUTIONS RESTORED.
1855-1856.
President Álvarez' Administration-Reforms Initiated-Ley Juarez—
Differences in the Liberal Party-Álvarez Retires-Ignacio Comon-
fort, the Substitute President-His Conciliatory Policy-Difficulties
with the Clergy and Military-Seditious Movements-Puebla Cam-
paign-Decrees against the Clergy-Congressional Work-Raousset's
and Walker's Invasions-Resignation of Álvarez-Dissensions be-
tween the Executive and Congress-Estatuto Orgánico-Adoption
of Liberal Principles....
PAGE
615
646
666
CHAPTER XXVII.
CONSTITUTION AND REFORMS.
1856-1857.
Comonfort Suspected-Archbishop La Garza's Course-Ley Lerdo-Co-
monfort and Congress Reconciled-Constitution of 1857-Rebellious
Clergy-Second Puebla Campaign-More Seditious Acts-Negotia-
CONTENTS.
tions with the Pope Fail-More Suspicions against Comonfort-Po-
litical Confusion-Laws Affecting the Clergy-Conservative Mancu.
vres-Liberal Demands-Comonfort's Vacïiation..
CHAPTER XXVIII.
DOWNFALL OF LIBERAL INSTITUTIONS.
1857-1858.
Conservative Intrigues-Talk of a Coup d'Etat-Spanish Complications
-Comonfort's Vacillating Course-Hostility of the Clergy Continues
-Congress Installed-Comonfort Avows Liberalism-His Election
Constitutional President-Promises Made and Violated-Plan of
Tacubaya-Comonfort Becomes its Chief-Action of Congress-Ar
t of Juarez and Others-Reactionists Victorious-Comonfort's
Overthrow-Civil War in Full Blast-Zuloaga, Reactionary Presi-
dent-Juarez, Constitutional President-His Narrow Escape from
Capture-He Establishes his Government in Vera Cruz...............
CHAPTER XXIX.
STRIFE FOR SUPREMACY.
1858-1859.
President Juarez-His Government at Vera Cruz-War Operations-Zu-
loaga's Difficulties-His Change of Policy-Echeagaray's Pronuncia-
miento and Plan-Robles Pezuela's Reformed Plan-Zuloaga Set
Aside-Miramon Comes to the Front-Zuloaga Reinstated-Robles
Pezuela Retires-Zuloaga Names a Substitute-Miramon as Presi-
dent-His Campaign in Vera Cruz a Failure-Battle of Tacubaya-
Constitutionalists' Defeat-A Day of Horrors and its Evil Conse-
quences...
......
xiii
690
715
738
CHAPTER XXX.
TRIUMPH OF THE CONSTITUTIONALISTS.
1859-1861.
United States' Recognition of Juarez-Miramon's Action-Confiscation
of Church Property-Interior Campaign of 1859-Treaties-Mira-
mon's Second Expedition to Vera Cruz-United States' Armed In-
tervention-Interior Campaign of 1860-Miramon's Return to Mex-
ico and Resignation-President Pavon-Miramon's Title to the
Presidency-Approach of Constitutionalists-Miramon's Defeat and
Escape-Juarez' Triumphant Entry into Mexico.......
... 765