foreign country. Nor shall any prohibition be imposed on the exportation or importation of any articles the produce or manufacture of the United States or of the dominions of his Majesty, the King of Denmark, to or from the territories of the United States, or to or from the said dominions, which shall not equally extend to all other nations.

ARTICLE V.1

[Neither the vessels of the United States nor their cargoes shall, when they pass the Sound or the Belts, pay higher or other duties than those which are or may be paid by the most favoured nation.]

ARTICLE 6.

The present Convention shall not apply to the Northern possessions of His Majesty, the King of Denmark, that is to say, Iceland, the Ferroe Islands, and Greenland; nor to places situated beyond the Cape of Good Hope, the right to regulate the direct intercourse with which possessions and places, is reserved by the parties respectively. And it is further agreed that this Convention is not to extend to the direct trade between Denmark and the West India Colonies of His Danish Majesty, but in the intercourse with those Colonies, it is agreed that whatever can be lawfully imported into or exported from the said Colonies in vessels of one party from or to the ports of the United States, or from or to the ports of any other foreign country, may, in like manner, and with the same duties and charges, applicable to vessel and cargo, be imported into or exported from the said Colonies, in vessels of the other party.

ARTICLE 7.

The United States and His Danish Majesty mutually agree that no higher or other duties, charges or taxes of any kind shall be levied in the territories or dominions of either party, upon any personal property, money, or effects of their respective Citizens or subjects, on the removal of the same from their territories or dominions reciprocally, either upon the inheritance of such property, money, or effects, or otherwise than are or shall be payable in each State, upon the same, when removed by a Citizen or subject of such State, respectively.

ARTICLE 8.2

To make more effectual the protection which the United States and His Danish Majesty shall afford, in future, to the navigation and commerce of their respective Citizens and subjects, they agree mutually to receive and admit Consuls and Vice-Consuls in all the ports open to foreign commerce; who shall enjoy in them all the rights, privileges and immunities of the Consuls and Vice-Consuls of the most favoured nation, each contracting party, however, remaining at liberty to except those ports and places, in which the admission and residence of such Consuls may not seem convenient.

1Abrogated April 15, 1856, p. 158. 2 See Convention of July 11, 1861, p. 159.

ARTICLE 9.

In order that the Consuls and Vice-Consuls of the contracting parties may enjoy the rights, privileges and immunities which belong to them, by their public character, they shall, before entering on the exercise of their functions, exhibit their Commission or Patent in due form to the Government to which they are accredited; and, having obtained their Exequatur, which shall be granted gratis, they shall be held and considered as such by all the authorities, magistrates and inhabitants in the Consular District in which they reside.

ARTICLE 10.

It is likewise agreed that the Consuls and persons attached to their necessary service, they not being natives of the country in which the Consul resides, shall be exempt from all public service, and also from all kind of taxes, imposts and contributions, except those which they shall be obliged to pay, on account of commerce, or their property, to which inhabitants, native and foreign, of the country in which such Consuls reside, are subject, being in everything, besides, subject to the laws of the respective States. The Archives and papers of the Consulate shall be respected inviolably, and, under no pretext, whatever, shall any magistrate seize or in any way interfere with them,

ARTICLE 11.

The present Convention shall be in force for ten years from the date hereof, and further until the end of one year after either of the contracting parties shall have given notice to the other of its intention to terminate the same, each of the contracting parties reserving to itself the right of giving such notice to the other at the end of the said term of ten years; and it is hereby agreed between them, that, on the expiration of one year after such notice shall have been received by either from the other party, this Convention and all the provisions thereof shall altogether cease and determine.

ARTICLE 12.

This Convention shall be approved and ratified by the President of the United States, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate thereof, and by His Majesty, the King of Denmark, and the ratifications shall be exchanged in the City of Copenhagen within eight months from the date of the signature hereof, or sooner if possible. In faith whereof We the Plenipotentiaries of the United States of America and of His Danish Majesty, have signed and sealed these presents.

Done, in triplicate, at the City of Washington on the twenty-sixth day of April, in the year of our Lord, one thousand eight hundred and twenty six, in the fiftieth year of the Independence of the United States of America.

ADDENDUM.

Mr. Clay to Mr. Pedersen.

DEPARTMENT OF STATE,
Washington, April 25, 1826.

The undersigned, Secretary of State of the United States, by direction of the President thereof, has the honor to state to Mr. Pedersen, Minister Resident of His Majesty the King of Denmark, that it would have been satisfactory to the Government of the United States if Mr. Pedersen had been charged with instructions in the negotiation which has just terminated, to treat of the indemnities to citizens of the United States, in consequence of the seizure, detention, and condemnation of their property in the ports of His Danish Majesty. But as he has no instructions to that effect, the undersigned is directed, at and before proceeding to the signature of the Treaty of Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation on which they have agreed, explicitly to declare, that the omission to provide for those indemnities is not hereafter to be interpreted as a waiver or abandonment of them by the Government of the United States, which, on the contrary, is firmly resolved to persevere in the pursuit of them, until they shall be finally arranged, upon principles of equity and justice. And, to guard against any misconception of the fact of the silence of the Treaty in the above particular, or of the views of the American Government, the undersigned requests that Mr. Pedersen will transmit this official declaration to the Government of Denmark. And he avails himself of this occasion to tender to Mr. Pedersen assurances of his distinguished consideration.

The Chevalier PEDERSEN,

Minister Resident from Denmark.

H. CLAY.

The Chevalier Peter Pedersen to Mr. Clay.

WASHINGTON, 25th April 1826.

The undersigned, Minister Resident of His Majesty the King of Denmark, has the honour, herewith, to acknowledge having received Mr. Clay's official note of this day, declaratory of the advanced claims against Denmark, not being waived on the part of the United States, by the Convention agreed upon, and about to be signed, which note he, as requested, will transmit to his Government. And he avails himself of this occasion to renew to Mr. Clay assurances of his distinguished consideration.

To the Hon. HENRY CLAY,

Secretary of State of the United States.

P. PEDERSEN.

1830.

CLAIMS CONVENTION.

Concluded March 28, 1830; ratification advised by the Senate May 29, 1830; ratified by the President June 2, 1830; ratifications exchanged June 5, 1830; proclaimed June 5, 1830. (Treaties and Conventions, 1889, p. 235.)

By this convention Denmark renounced the claims of its subjects against the United States and agreed to pay an indemnity of $650,000 for claims of United States citizens. The commission provided for met in Washington April 4, 1831, and held its last session March 23, 1833.

1857.

CONVENTION DISCONTINUING THE SOUND DUES.

Concluded April 11, 1857; ratifications advised by the Senate January 5, 1858; ratified by the President January 7, 1858; ratifications exchanged January 12, 1858; proclaimed January 13, 1858. (Treaties and Conventions, 1889, p. 238.)

I. Sound and Belts dues abolished.
II. Lights, buoys and pilots.
III. Payment by the United States.
IV. Most favored nation privileges.

ARTICLES.

V. Convention of 1826 revived.
VI. Effect.
VII. Ratification.

The United States of America and his Majesty the King of Denmark, being desirous to terminate amicably the differences which have arisen between them in regard to the tolls levied by Denmark on American vessels and their cargoes passing through the Sound and Belts, and commonly called the Sound Dues, have resolved to conclude a Convention for that purpose, and have named as their plenipotentiaries, that is to say, the President of the United States, Lewis Cass, Secretary of State of the United States, and his Majesty the King of Denmark, Torben Bille, Esquire, Knight of the Dannebrog and decorated with the Cross of Honor of the same order, his said Majesty's Chargé d'Affaires near the Government of the United States; who, after having communicated to each other their full powers, in due form, have agreed to and signed the following articles:

ARTICLE I.

His Majesty the King of Denmark declares entire freedom of the navigation of the Sound and the Belts in favor of American vessels and their cargoes, from and forever after the day when this Convention shall go into effect as hereinafter provided. And it is hereby agreed that American vessels and their cargoes after that day shall not be subject to any charges whatever in passing the Sound or the Belts, or to any detention in the said waters, and both Governments will concur, if occasion should require it, in taking measures to prevent abuse of the free flag of the United States by the shipping of other nations which shall not have secured the same freedom and exemption from charges enjoyed by that of the United States.

ARTICLE II.

His Danish Majesty further engages that the passages of the Sound and Belts shall continue to be lighted and buoyed as heretofore without any charge upon American vessels or their cargoes on passing the Sound and the Belts, and that the present establishments of Danish pilots in these waters shall continue to be maintained by Denmark. His Danish Majesty agrees to make such additions and improvements in regard to the lights, buoys and pilot establishments in these waters as circumstances and the increasing trade of the Baltic may require.

Federal cases: Bartram v. Robertson, 122 U. S. 116; Thingvalla Line v. U. S., 24 Ct. Cl. 255.

He further engages that no charge shall be made, in consequence of such additions and improvements, on American ships and their cargoes passing through the Sound and the Belts.

It is understood, however, to be optional for the masters of American vessels either to employ in the said waters Danish pilots at reasonable rates fixed by the Danish Government, or to navigate their vessels without such assistance.

ARTICLE III.

In consideration of the foregoing agreements and stipulations on the part of Denmark whereby the free and unincumbered navigation of American vessels through the Sound and the Belts is forever secured, the United States agree to pay to the Government of Denmark, once for all, the sum of seven hundred and seventeen thousand, eight hundred and twenty nine Rix dollars, or its equivalent, three hundred and ninety-three thousand and eleven dollars in United States currency, at London on the day when the said convention shall go into full effect as hereinafterwards provided.

ARTICLE IV.

It is further agreed that any other or further privileges, rights or advantages which may have been or may be granted by Denmark to the commerce and navigation of any other nation at the Sounds and Belts, or on her coasts and in her harbors, with reference to the transit by land through Danish territory of merchandise belonging to the citizens or subjects of such nation, shall also be fully extended to and enjoyed by the citizens of the United States, and by their vessels and property in that quarter.

ARTICLE V.

The general convention of friendship, commerce and navigation,1 concluded between the United States and his Majesty the King of Denmark on the 26th of April, 1826, and which was abrogated on the 15th of April, 1856, and the provisions contained in each and all of its articles, the 5th article alone excepted, shall after the ratification of this present Convention, again become binding upon the United States and Denmark; it being, however, understood that a year's notice shall suffice for the abrogation of the stipulations of the said Convention hereby renewed.

ARTICLE VI.

The present Convention shall take effect as soon as the laws to carry it into operation shall be passed by the government of the contracting parties, and the sum stipulated to be paid by the United States shall be received by or tendered to Denmark; and for the fulfilment of these purposes, a period not exceeding twelve months from the signing of this Convention shall be allowed.

But if, in the interval, an earlier day shall be fixed upon and carried into effect for a free navigation through the Sound and Belts in favor of any other power or powers, the same shall simultaneously be extended to the vessels of the United States and their cargoes, in antici

1See Convention of 1826, p. 152.