and third Tuesdays in the month at Electrical Workers' Hall, 280 Plane St.

International Jewelry Workers' Union, Local 2. George J. Bessinger, Secretary, 50 Sterling Street. Meets at 48 William Street, second and fourth Tuesdays in the month.

International Journeymen Barbers' Union, Local 319. Arthur C. Heusel, Secretary, 410 Clinton Ave. Meets second and fourth Tuesdays (9 P.M.) in each month at 358 Morris Ave.

International Union of Steam Engineers, No. 68. Henry Hebeler, Secretary, 242 Springfield Ave. Headquarters, Paul Noll's Hall, 242 Springfield Ave., corner Jones Street. Meets first, third, and fifth Thursdays in each month.

International Molders' Union, No. 40. Meets at Hayhurst Hall, 39 Ferry St., second and fourth Tuesdays in each month. Harry Stevenson, Corresponding Secretary, 72 Merchant Street.

International Molders' Union, No. 114. Meets in New Auditorium, Orange Street, the first and third Thursdays in the month. James Clark, Corresponding Representative, 125 Johnstone Ave., Kearny, N. J.

Journeymen Horseshoers' Union, Local 22. James Bowie, Secretary, 301 Plane Street. Meets first and third Wednesdays in each month in Pierson's Hall,

Journeymen Plumbers' and Gasfitters' and Helpers' Association, Local 24. Meets every Tuesday at 48 William Street. Joseph F. Spangenberger, Secretary, 12 N. 22nd St., Irvington. Business Agent's Office, 48 William Street.

Ladies' Garment Workers, Local 21. Max Brook, Secretary, 68 Waverly Avenue. Meets every Tuesday at 182 Prince St.

Maltsters' Union, No. 171. Meets first Wednesday in each month at 66 South Orange Avenue. H. Watschong, Secretary, 38 Richmond St. Martial Musicians' Protective Union, No. 1. A. F. of M. Frank P. Farley, Secretary, 71 Hudson Street. Meets second and fourth Fridays (10 A. M.) 401 Plane St.

Mineral-Water Bottlers' Union, No. 11317. Al Roehri, Jr., Secretary, 62 Valley St., Orange, N. J. Meets at 326 Bank Street,

first and third Mondays of each month.

Mineral-Water Drivers' Union, Local 800. Elmer E. Conway, Secretary, 18 Third Street. Meets in Aurora Hall, 48 William Street, the first and third Tuesday in each month.

Musicians' Mutual Protective Union, No. 16. Secretary, Henry Gill, 471 So. IIth St. Meets first Sunday in January, April, July, and October. Board of Directors meet every Friday, 10 A.M., at Music Temple, 401 Plane St. L. D. 'phone, 5341 Market.

Newark Early Closing Association, Local 206, N. R. C. A. C. F. Steets, Secretary, 807 Broad Street. Meets first Thursday night in each month over Achtel-Stetter's, Broad Street (top floor).

Newark Cylinder Press-Feeders' Union, No. 19, I. P. P. and A. U. Meets the third Tuesday of each month at Eisner's Hall, 94 Market St. J. J. Knowles, Secretary, 21 Kent St., East Orange.

Newark District Council, United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America. Meets every Thursday night at Pierson's Hall, 301 Plane St. Business Agents' Office, same address. Telephone, 2764 R, Market. Business Agents, A. R. Wyatt and John Sterling.

Newark Mailers' Union, No. II. Meets second Thursday in each month at 401 Plane St. Charles Shyers, Secretary, 377 Morris Avenue.

Newark Local, No. 21, Theatrical Stage Employees. Lewis Bonnefond, Secretary, 29 Wallace St., Belleville, N. J. Meets fourth Sunday (10 A.M.) in month at Eagle's Club House, 15 West Park St.

Newark Hat Finishers' Union, No. 14. James Bryne, Secretary, Room 23, 45 Clinton St. Meets fourth Thursday each month at 66 South Orange Avenue.

Newark Printing Pressmen's Union, No. 31. F. J. Ostertag, Secretary, 377 Bergen St. Meets the third Tuesday of each month at 401 Plane St.

Newspaper and Mail Deliverers' Union, No. 9463, of New York and Vicinity. Headquarters, 25 Frankfort St., near William, New York City. Telephone, 3479 Beekman. Meets at Beethoven Hall, 210 Fifth St., N. Y., third Wednesday evening in each month. F. R. Dunn, Secretary, 1329 Park Row Building, N. Y. C.

Newark Photo-Engravers' Union, No. 28. E. A. Thomas, Secretary, 848 South Fifteenth St. Meets first Wednesday, (6 P. M.) in each month at 195 Market Street.

Paper Cigarette Makers', No. 98. Abraham Sheines, Secretary, 262 Stanton St., New York City. Meets first Friday in month.

Pavers, Curbers, and Rammers' Union. Frank Murray, Secretary, 123 Newark St. Meets second and fourth Thursdays in each month at Michel's Hall, 66 South Orange Avenue, corner Broome St. Riggers' Protective Union, No. 11561, A. F. of L. F. C. Frederickson, Recording Secretary, 260 Brook Ave., N. Y. Meets second and fourth Mondays in each month at 209 East Broadway, Manhattan. Office Telephone, 5836 Cortland, New York. J. Forman, Business Agent.

Silver Finishers, Local No. 280, M. P., B., P., B., M., B., and S. W. U. of N. A. Meets second and fourth Thursday in each month at 303

Plane Street. J. Edward Heid, Financial Secretary, 405 Washington Avenue.

Steam-Fitters, Sprinkler Fitters and Steam-Fitters' Helpers, Local 475, of the United Association. Meets at 48 William St., every Thursday. E. J. Busch, Secretary, 107 Magazine St.

Steam, Hot Water, and General Pipe-Fitters and Helpers, Reliance Association, No. 40, I. A. Meets every Monday at Eisner's Hall, 94 Market Street. Clarence Burr, Secretary, 20 Garwood, Pl., Irvington. Stereotypers' Union, No. 18. Meets first Monday in each month at 260 Washington St., Room 18. Henry C. Sander, Secretary, 677 South 17th Street.

Teamsters' Union, Local No. 475, I. B. of T. Meets corner Newark and Orange Sts., first and third Sundays in each month. Howard Matthew Schuchman, Secretary, 181 Orange Street, Bloomfield; W. S. Weeks, Business Agent, 409 Davis Avenue, Arlington.

Textile Workers' (Hacklers'), Local 691. Meets in Hunter's Hall, N. Fourth St., Harrison, the third Friday in each month. Edward Gallagher, Secretary, 14 Watts St., Kearny.

Travellers' Goods and Leather Novelty Workers, Local No. 2. George W. Schliff, Secretary, 69 Tiffany Place, Irvington. Meets every second and fourth Tuesday at Aurora Hall, 48 William Street.

Travellers' Goods and Leather Novelty Workers, Local No. 39. Emanuel Steiner, Recording Secretary, 59 Cottage St., Jersey City. Meets first and third Saturday, 123 Prince St.

Typographical Union, No. 103. John H. Daley, Secretary, Room 18, 189 Market St. Meets second Sunday (2 P.M.) in each month at Music Temple, 401 Plane Street. Office telephone, 4283 Market, 5 to 6 P.M.

Typographia, No. 8. Joseph A. Heim, Secretary, 30 Ridgewood Avenue. Meets second Sunday in each month (2 P.M.) and at 10 and 12 Camfield Street.

Union County Trades Council. Meets first and third Thursdays of each month at 709 Elizabeth Ave., Elizabeth. George J. Reiss, Secretary, 1078 Dewey Pl., Eliz., N. J.

United Brotherhood of Leather Workers on Horse Goods, Local 91. George Hollingshead, Secretary, 7 South Chadwick Ave. Meets first and third Tuesday in each month at Michel's Hall, 66 South Orange Avenue.

United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners, Local 306. Meets every Wednesday night at 838 Broad Street. W. E. Chambers, Recording Secretary, 280 Walnut Street.

United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America, Local Union 723. Gus Gueth, Recording Secretary, 405 Fairmount Avenue.

Meets every Tuesday at Heins Hartwig's Hall, Springfield and Fairmount Avenues.

United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners, Local 119. Meets every Monday evening at 15 West Park Street. Stephen J. Stoll, Recording Secretary, 171 Hillside Avenue.

United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners, Local 1787. Meets at 9 Prince Street every Tuesday evening. I. Levin, Recording Secretary, 264 Prince Street.

United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners (Mill men), Local 1209. J. L. Koll, Recording Secretary, 270 Runyon Street. Meets in Aurora Hall, 48 William Street, first and third Tuesday in each month.

Morris

United Garment Workers of America, Local No. 24. Meets every Thursday at 107 Broome Street, corner of Morton Street. Abramson, Secretary, 171 Spruce Street.

United Hatters of North America, Local 4, Orange. Michael F. Condron, Secretary, 53 Freeman St., Orange. Meets second Wednesday in each month at 240 Main Street, Orange.

United Hatters of Orange, No. 17. Meetings held first Thursday of January, April, July, October. Delegate meetings held first Thursday in February, March, May, June, August, September, November, and December. Meetings at German-English School Hall, William and Park Streets.

Waiters' Union, No. 109. Offer their services to all unions and the public for festivals, balls, picnics, excursions, and private affairs. Meets every Friday (3 P.M.) at Waiters' Hall, 60 Academy Street. A. J. Cozzolino, Business Representative; R. Younghans, Secretary, 60 Academy St.

Web Pressmen, No. 8. Meets first Tuesday in each month at 195 Market Street. R. L. Mazzei, Secretary, 169 Avon Avenue. Wood, Wire, and Metal Lathers' Union, Local 102. ridge, Secretary, 193 Bank Street.

ΙΟ

Frank Fet

Class IX

CHURCHES AND THEIR ACTIVITIES, MISSIONS, RELIGIOUS AND ETHICAL ORGANIZATIONS

Social Service. Several of the National Church Bodies-Congregational, Episcopal, Presbyterian, Unitarian, Universalist, have formulated their stand upon current social problems such as the labor question, child labor, treatment of the prisoner, causes of poverty, etc. These declarations of principle are given in brief in this connection because they are authoritative for the denomination and put a responsibility upon the individual church.

Episcopal

In 1901, the General Convention of the Episcopal Church in America created a Joint Commission on the Relation of Capital and Labor, which was designed: First, to study carefully the aims and purposes of the labor organizations of our country; secondly, in particular, to investigate the causes of industrial disturbances, as these may arise; thirdly, to hold themselves in readiness to act as arbitrators, should their services be desired, between the men and their employers, with a view to bring about mutual conciliation and harmony in the spirit of the Prince of Peace.

This Commission reported to the Convention of 1904 and 1907. The 1904 report declared:

"We do not undertake to say how much of the blame of child labor belongs to the employer and how much to the parent. But we do say this, that the employment of children in factories and mills depresses wages, destroys homes, and depreciates the human stock. Nothing is so important in any community as a human being. Whatever interferes with the education of a child contradicts the best interests of the nation. We call, then, on Christian employers, as on Christian parents, to endeavor after such betterment of the local and general laws as shall make the labor of children impossible in this Christian country."