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to any and all of the following purposes: To the improvement or embellishment of such cemetery or of any lot therein; or to the erection, renewal, repair, or preservation of any monument, fence, or other structure in such cemetery; or to the planting or cultivation of trees, shrubs, or plants in or around such cemetery, or any lot therein; or to the improving, ornamenting, or embellishing of such cemetery, or any lot therein, in any other mode or manner not inconsistent with the purposes for which such cemetery was established or is being maintained. Such property and the proceeds or income thereof shall be invested and reinvested in bonds of the United States, or of this .state, or of any municipality of this state, or in first mortgages on real estate, or in centrally located income-producing improved real estate in any city, or city and county in this state, if such investment is not repugnant to the terms of the bequest, grant, or gift. 1901-814.

617. Any cemetery corporation or association under contract for the perpetual care of a certain lot or lots in the cemetery of said corporation or association, is hereby expressly forbidden to use the funds received for the perpetual care of any lot or lots under such contract or contracts, for any other purpose than to provide the perpetual care mentioned in said contract, and it shall be the duty of the board of directors or board of trustees of a cemetery corporation or association receiving funds from perpetual care contracts to invest or reinvest such funds in bonds of the United States or the state of California, or of any county, city and county, or city of the state of California, or in first mortgages on real estate, or in centrally located income producing improved real estate in any city or city and county in this state. 1921-424.

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620. Agricultural fair corporations may purchase, hold, or lease any quantity of land, not exceeding in the aggregate one hundred and sixty acres, with such buildings and improvements as may be erected thereon, and may sell, lease, or otherwise dispose of the same, at pleasure. This real estate must be held for the purpose of erecting buildings and other improvements thereon, to promote and encourage agriculture, horticulture, mechanics, manufactures, stock-raising, and general domestic industry.

621. Such corporation must not contract any debts or liabilities in excess of the amount of money in the treasury at the time of contract, except for the purchase of real property, for which they may create a debt not exceeding five thousand dollars, secured by mortgage on the property of the corporation. The directors who vote therefor are personally liable for any debt contracted or incurred in violation of this section.

622. Agricultural fair corporations are not conducted for profit, and have no capital stock or income other than that derived from charges to exhibitors and fees for membership, which charges together with the term of membership and mode of acquiring the same, must be provided for in their by-laws. Such fees must

never be greater than to raise sufficient revenue to discharge the debt for the real estate and the improvements thereon, and to defray the current expenses of fairs.

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633. Building and loan associations as hereinafter in this title defined, shall have power to receive money and accumulate funds to be loaned, and to loan the same to their shareholders, investors and others; to permit shareholders and investors to withdraw part or all of their payments, investments or stock deposits, and to prescribe the terms and conditions of such withdrawal; to cancel shares of stock, the payments on which have been withdrawn; to receive money and to execute certificates therefor, which must specify the date, amount, rate of interest, and when the principal and interest are payable, and also the withdrawal value thereof at the end of each year; to borrow money for the purpose of making loans and of paying withdrawals and maturities; and shall have such further powers as may be specifically set forth under this title; provided, however, that no such association shall, at any time, have or carry upon its books, for any member or investor, any demand, commercial or checking account or any credit to be withdrawn upon the presentation of any negotiable check or draft. Every such corporation hereafter formed, in setting forth the purposes for which it is formed, shall state, in its articles of incorporation, that it is formed to encourage industry, frugality, home building, and savings among its shareholders and members; the accumulation of savings; the loaning to its shareholders and members of the moneys or funds so accumulated, with the profits and earnings thereon, and the repayment to each of his savings and profits, whenever they have accumulated to the full par value of the shares, or at any time when he shall desire the same or when the corporation shall desire to repay the same, as it may be provided in the by-laws; and shall also state that it is formed for all the purposes specified in this title. 1913-552.

634. The capital of every such corporation shall be divided into shares of the matured or par value of one hundred or two hundred dollars each, as provided by the articles of incorporation, and shall be paid in by the subscribers in the manner provided by the by-laws. All such payments shall be called dues. Certificates shall be issued to each shareholder on the first payment of dues by him. Shares pledged as security for the payment of a loan shall be called pledge shares, and all others, free shares. All shares matured and surrendered or canceled, shall become the property of the corporation and may be reissued. The capital shall consist of the accumulated dues

together with the apportioned profits of the corporation, and shall be accumulated by the issuance of shares in "installment" form and, where the by-laws shall so provide, in any or all the following forms, viz.: "full paid," "pass-book or juvenile," and "guarantee."

(a) Installment shares shall be either "serial" or "permanent" in form. When issued in "serial" form the periodical dues on shares in each series shall commence with the date of the issue of such series and the holder must pay such dues and such amounts per share and at such times as the by-laws may provide, and such payments must continue on each share until, with the profits allotted thereto, it reaches its matured value or is withdrawn or canceled. On all such issues the dividends shall be apportioned or credited equally to each share in each series. No share of a prior series shall be issued after the issue of shares in a new series, except by way of transfer. Shares issued in "permanent" form may be issued at any time and the dividends thereon may be credited in the pass-books of the members. Shares of either form may be issued in "classes" with a different periodical payment for each class designation, to be specified in the bylaws, and shall be issued with full participation in the profits subject to apportionment as dividends.

(b) Full paid shares shall be shares upon which a single payment of dues amounting to one hundred or two hundred dollars per share shall be paid at the time of subscription and upon which the holder shall be entitled to either a full participation in the net profits or to an agreed rate of dividends not exceeding six per cent per annum, payable semi-annually in cash, to be specified in the body of the certificate issued. All such shares may be issued in separate classes as to participation, under regulations to be provided in the by-laws and which must be fully set forth in or upon each certificate issued.

(c) Pass-books or juvenile shares are shares which shall participate in the apportionment of net profits and be credited therewith at a rate not less than seventy-five nor more than ninety per centum of the rate apportioned to installment shares, as the by-laws shall determine, and upon which the dues may be paid in at such times and in such amounts as the holder thereof may elect until said shares reach their matured value or are withdrawn. Such shares shall be withdrawable under rules to be provided in the by-laws and fully set forth in the pass-books issued. The matured value of this class of shares shall not exceed in volume twenty-five per centum of the matured value of all other shares in force. No membership fee, fine or forfeiture shall be chargeable against such shares.

(d) Guarantee stock shall be stock, provided by the by-laws, to be set apart and sold as a fixed, permanent or guarantee capital. When any such stock has been once so set apart, sold and issued, it shall thereafter remain as a fixed, permanent and guarantee capital, and shall be subjected to all the conditions and liabilities attaching. to the paid in capital stock of other classes of corporations. Such guarantee stock shall protect and guarantee all other stockholders and creditors against any loss, and when once paid it must be kept unimpaired.

(e) Every corporation specified in this title issuing installment or full paid investment certificates, or both, shall at all times have issued and fully paid for, either an amount of guarantee capital stock, or permanent non-withdrawable capital stock, or both such guarantee capital stock and permanent nonwithdrawable capital stock, or a reserve fund equal to ten per cent of the aggregate amount of its liability on its said installment investment certificates and full paid up investment certificates; provided, however, that the aggregate of guarantee capital stock, or permanent non-withdrawable capital stock, or both such guarantee capital stock and permanent non-with

drawable capital stock, or a reserve fund, of every building and loan association issuing installment or full paid investment certificates, or both, must equal the following percentages of its investment certificate liabilities:

1. Ten per centum of any amount up to and including one million dollars.

2. Seven and one-half per centum of any amount in excess of one million dollars, up to and including two million dollars.

3. Five per centum of any amount in excess of two million dollars, up to and including five million dollars.

(f) Corporations specified in this title, issuing guaranteed stock, may provide in their by-laws that a majority of the board of directors shall be selected from the holders of such stock.

(g) Every such corporation shall also have power, by its by-laws, to charge an entrance or withdrawal fee, for each share of stock it may issue, not exceeding one dollar on each share and also to charge a transfer fee, not exceeding ten cents on each share, all of which fees shall be accounted for by the corporation like other funds of the association. No other fee, charge or deduction shall ever be made or permitted to be made against any shareholder, or against any of his shares hereafter issued, or the dues paid in thereon for the purpose of creating a fund to be used in the payment of current or running expenses. 1915-335.

635. The directors may in their discretion, under the regulations prescribed by the by-laws, retire any free shares of stock, other than those of the guarantee stock, by enforcing the withdrawal thereof, but whenever the withdrawal of any shares is to be enforced, the holders thereof must be paid the amount actually paid in, and the full amount of earnings at the date of retirement; provided that shares of installment stock shall not be forced out until after they shall have become four years old. 1907-925.

636. When any stock shall have reached its matured value, payment of dues thereon shall cease. Borrowing stockholders whose loans are fully paid shall have their securities released and returned to them. Holders of free shares of stock shall be paid the matured value thereof out of the funds of the corporation, with interest at such rate as the by-laws shall provide, from the time the board of directors shall declare such shares to have been matured, until paid; but at no time shall more than one half of the receipts of the corporation be applicable to the payment of matured shares without the consent of said board. The order of the payment of matured shares, if not otherwise determined by the by-laws, shall be in the numerical order of issuance. 1907-925.

637. Loans may be made upon the "mutual plan" or upon the "definite contract plan." Loans made upon the mutual plan shall be accompanied by a pledge of shares having a matured or par value equal to the face of the loan. Definite contract loans shall be repayable in a definite number of equal periodical installments, to be named in the note or obligation, each in an amount sufficient for the aggregate of all to repay the principal of the loan together with interest on the unpaid periodical balances, within the time and at the rate agreed upon. It shall be unlawful for any director or officer of any corporatian governed by this title, directly or indirectly, for himself, or as a partner or agent for others, to borrow any of the funds of such corporation, and any officer or director violating the provisions of this section shall be guilty of a felony. Any officer or director of such corporation who consents on behalf of such

corporation to make a loan to any officer or director of such corporation shall be guilty of a felony, and shall also be personally liable to the corporation for the full amount thereof. It shall be unlawful for any building and loan association, corporation or society operating under the provisions of this title to loan any of its funds upon any of its own guarantee stock or upon its permanent nonwithdrawable capital stock as security. Any officer or director of an association who shall make any such loan for and on behalf of any association shall be personally liable to the corporation for the full amount thereof, and shall also be deemed guilty of a felony. It shall be unlawful for any building and loan association, corporation or society, operating under the provisions of this title, to loan any of its funds upon the security of, or to invest any of its funds in any mining shares or mining stocks, or in the stocks or bonds of any corporation, other than in this title, provided; and any officer or director who, on behalf of any such corporation, shall make any such loan or investment, or who shall consent thereto, shall be personally liable to the corporation for the whole amount of any such loan or investment, and shall also be guilty of a felony, 1913-551.

638. For every loan made a note or obligation expressing and setting forth the exact rate of interest, must be executed by the borrower, secured by a first mortgage or deed of trust upon unencumbered real estate having an appraised value of not less than twentyfive per cent in excess of the face of the loan, except such loans as may be made upon the security of bonds specified in section six hundred forty-seven; or in lieu of a mortgage or deed of trust, loans to the extent of not exceeding ninety per cent of the then withdrawable value, may be made upon the pledge of free shares or certificates as security for their repayment. The board of directors may from time to time fix the rate of interest to be charged on loans. A borrower may at any time repay his loan, together with interest or arrears due thereon, and upon the surrender of the shares, or certificate pledged as security therefor. 1917-780.

639. Whenever any non-borrowing member shall be six months in arrears in the payment of his dues upon free shares, the secretary may give him notice thereof in writing, and a statement of his arrearages, by mailing the same to him at his last postoffice address given by him to the association; and if he shall not pay all arrearages within two months thereafter, the board of directors may, at their option, declare his shares forfeited, and at the time of such forfeiture, the withdrawal value thereof shall be determined and stated, and the defaulting member shall be entitled to withdraw the same without interest, upon such notice as shall be required of a withdrawing shareholder. Whenever a borrower shall be three months in arrears in the payment of his dues or interest or loan installments, the whole loan shall become due at the option of the board of directors, and they may proceed to enforce collection upon the securities held by the association. The withdrawal value, at the time of exercising such option, of all shares pledged as collateral security, shall be applied to the payment of the loan, and said shares from that time shall be deemed surrendered to the association and canceled. 1907-927.

640. Any such association may purchase at any sale, public or private, any real estate upon which it may have a mortgage, judgment, lien, or other encumbrance, or in which it may have an interest, and may sell, convey, lease, or mortgage the same at pleasure to any person or persons. 1907--927.

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