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3036. Respondentia is a contract by which a cargo, or some part thereof, is hypothecated as security for a loan, the repayment of which is dependent on maritime risks.

3037. The owner of cargo may hypothecate it upon respondentia, at any time and place, and for any lawful purpose.

3038. The master of a ship may hypothecate its cargo upon respondentia only in a case in which he would be authorized to hypothecate the ship and freightage, but is unable to borrow sufficient money thereon for repairs or supplies which are necessary for the successful accomplishment of the voyage; and he cannot do so, even in such case, if there is no reasonable prospect of benefiting the cargo thereby.

3039. The provisions of sections three thousand and twenty-two to three thousand and twenty-nine apply equally to loans on respondentia.

3040. The owner of a ship is bound to repay to the owner of its cargo all which the latter is compelled to pay, under a contract of respondentia made by the master, in order to discharge its lien.

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3046. One who sells real property has a vendor's lien thereon, independent of possession, for so much of the price as remains unpaid and unsecured otherwise than by the personal obligation of the buyer.

3047. Where a buyer of real property gives to the seller a written contract for payment of all or part of the price, an absolute transfer of such contract by the seller waives his lien to the extent of the

sum payable under the contract, but a transfer of such contract in trust to pay debts, and return the surplus, is not a waiver of the lien.

3048. The liens defined in sections three thousand and forty-six and three thousand and fifty are valid against every one claiming under the debtor, except a purchaser or encumbrancer in good faith and for value.

3049. One who sells personal property has a special lien thereon, dependent on possession, for its price, if it is in his possession when the price becomes payable, and may enforce his lien in like manner as if the property was pledged to him for the price.

3050. One who pays to the owner any part of the price of real property, under an agreement for the sale thereof, has a special lien upon the property, independent of possession, for such part of the amount paid as he may be entitled to recover back, in of a failure of consideration.

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3051. Every person who, while lawfully in possession of an article of personal property renders any service to the owner thereof, by labor or skill, employed for the protection, improvement, safekeeping, or carriage thereof, has a special lien thereon, dependent on possession, for the compensation, if any, which is due to him from the owner for such service; a person who makes, alters, or repairs_ any article of personal property, at the request of the owner, or legal possessor of the property, has a lien on the same for his reasonable charges for the balance due for such work done and materials furnished, and may retain possession of the same until the charges are paid; and livery or boarding or feed stable proprietors, and persons pasturing horses or stock, have a lien, dependent on possession, for their compensation in caring for, boarding, feeding, or pasturing such horses or stock; and laundry proprietors and persons conducting a laundry business, have a general lien, dependent on possession, upon all personal property in their hands belonging to a customer, for the balance due them from such customer for laundry work; and veterinary proprietors and veterinary surgeons shall have a lien, dependent on possession, for their compensation in caring for, boarding, feeding, and medical treatment of animals; and keepers of garages for automobiles shall have a lien, dependent on possession, for their compensation in caring for and safekeeping such automobiles. 1911-887.

3051a. That portion of any lien, as provided for in the next preceding section, in excess of one hundred dollars, for any work, services, care, or safekeeping rendered or performed at the request of any person other than the holder of the legal title, shall be invalid, unless prior to commencing any such work, service, care, or safekeeping, the person claiming such lien shall give actual notice in writing either by personal service or by registered letter addressed to the holder of the legal title to such property, if known. In the case of automobiles, the person named as legal owner in the registration certificate, shall be deemed for the purpose of this section, as the holder of the legal title. 1923.

3052. If the person entitled to the lien provided for in section three thousand and fifty-one of this code be not paid the amount due and for which said lien is given, within twenty days after the same shall have become due, then such lienholder may proceed to sell said property, or so much thereof as may be necessary to satisfy

said lien and costs of sale, at public auction, and by giving, at least ten days previous notice of such sale by advertising in some newspaper published in the county in which such property is situated; or, if there be no newspaper published in such county, then by posting notices of the sale in three of the most public places in the town or place where such property is to be sold, for ten days previous to the date of sale. The proceeds of the sale must be applied to the discharge of the lien and the cost of keeping and selling the property; the remainder, if any, must be paid over to the owner thereof. 1907--86.

3053. A factor has a general lien, dependent on possession, for all that is due to him as such, upon all articles of commercial value that are intrusted to him by the same principal.

3054. A banker has a general lien, dependent on possession, upon all property in his hands belonging to a customer, for the balance due to him from such customer in the course of the business.

3055. The master of a ship has a general lien, independent of possession, upon the ship and freightage, for advances necessarily made or liabilities necessarily incurred by him for the benefit of the ship, but has no lien for his wages.

3056. The mate and seamen of a ship have a general lien, independent of possession, upon the ship and freightage, for their wages, which is superior to every other lien.

3057. An officer who levies an attachment or execution upon personal property acquires a special lien, dependent on possession, upon such property, which authorizes him to hold it until the process is discharged or satisfied, or a judicial sale of the property is had.

3058. The lien, of a judgment is regulated by the Code of Civil Procedure.

3059. The liens of mechanics, for materials and services upon real property, are regulated by the Code of Civil Procedure.

3060. Debts amounting to at least fifty dollars, contracted for the benefit of ships, are liens in the cases provided by the Code of Civil Procedure.

3061. Every person performing work or labor in, with, about, or upon any barley-crusher, thrashing-machine or engine, horse-power, wagon, or other appliance thereof, while engaged in crushing or thrashing, has a lien thereon to the extent of the value of his services. Such lien extends for ten days after any such person ceases such work or labor; provided, within that time, an action is brought to recover the amount of the claim. If judgment is given in favor of the plaintiff in any such action, and it is further found that he is entitled to a lien under the provisions of this section, property subject thereto, or so much thereof as may be necessary, may be sold to satisfy such judgment; but if several judgments have been recovered against the same property for the enforcement of such liens, the proceeds of the sale must be divided pro rata among the judgment creditors. 1905-618.

3062. Every owner or person having in charge any stallion, jack, or bull, used for propagating purposes, has a lien for the agreed price of its service upon any mare or cow and upon the offspring of

such service, unless some willfully false representation concerning the breeding or pedigree of such stallion, jack, or bull has been made or published by the owner or person in charge thereof, or by some other person, at the request or instigation of such owner or person in charge. 1905-618.

3063. Every claimant of a lien provided for in the preceding section must, within ninety days after the service on account of which the lien is claimed, file in the office of the county recorder of the county where the mare or cow subject thereto is kept, a verified claim containing a particular description of the mare or cow, the date and place of service, the name of the owner or reputed owner of such mare or cow, a description by name, or otherwise, of the stallion, jack, or bull performing the service, the name of the owner or person in charge thereof, and the amount of the lien claimed. Such claim, so filed, is notice to subsequent purchasers and encumbrancers of such mare or cow and of the offspring of such service for one year after such filing. 1905-618.

3064. An action to enforce any lien created under section thirty hundred and sixty-two may be brought in any county wherein any of the property subject thereto may be found, and the plaintiff is entitled to the remedies provided in sections thirty hundred and forty-four and thirty hundred and sixty-five upon complying with such sections, both of which are hereby made applicable to the proceedings in such action. 1905-619.

3065. A person who labors at cutting, hauling, rafting, or drawing logs, bolts, or other timber, has a lien thereon for the amount due for his personal services, which takes precedence of all other claims, to continue for thirty days after the logs, bolts, or other timber arrive at the place of destination for sale or manufacture, while such logs, bolts, or other timber are in the county in which such labor was performed. The lien hereby created ceases and determines unless the claimant thereof, within twenty days from the time such labor is completed, brings suit to foreclose the same. The plaintiff in any such suit, at the time of issuing the summons or at any time afterwards, may have the logs, bolts, or other timber upon which such lien subsists attached, as provided in this code, upon delivering to the clerk an affidavit by or on behalf of the plaintiff, showing that defendant is indebted to the plaintiff upon a demand for labor performed, either in the cutting, hauling, rafting, or drawing such logs, bolts, or other timber, and that the sum for which the attachment is asked is an actual bona fide existing debt, due and owing from the defendant to the plaintiff, and that the attachment is not sought, and the action is not brought, to hinder, delay, or defraud any creditor or creditors of the defendant. 1905--619.

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3076. Consignor may stop goods. 3079. Stoppage, how effected.
3077. Insolvency of consignee.
3078. Transit, when ended.

3076.

3080. Effect of stoppage.

A seller or consignor of property, whose claim for its price or proceeds has not been extinguished, may, upon the insolvency of

the buyer or consignee becoming known to him after parting with the property, stop it while on its transit to the buyer or consignee, and resume possession thereof.

3077. A person is insolvent, within the meaning of the last section, when he ceases to pay his debts in the manner usual with persons of his business, or when he declares his inability or unwillingness to do so.

3078. The transit of property is at an end when it comes into the possession of the consignee, or into that of his agent, unless such agent is employed merely to forward the property to the consignee.

3079. Stoppage in transit can be effected only by notice to the carrier or depositary of the property, or by taking actual possession thereof.

3080. Stoppage in transit does not, of itself, rescind a sale, but is a means of enforcing the lien of the seller.

TITLE XV.

Negotiable Instruments.

Chapter I. Negotiable Instruments in General.

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