Negotiation having failed, a force under the command of Sir William Grant Keir moved to the frontier of this state, early in 1819, to enforce the following demands-1st, the surrender of the offenders whose names are annexed into the hands of the British Government; 2nd, the repayment of the amount of property plundered; 3rd, the removal from all command under the Sawuntwaree Government of Lambaja Sawunt, and Babna Gopaul, the principal instigators in the outrages complained of; 4th, the surrender of the forts of Raree and Newtee, to be held for three years as pledges of good behaviour. The surrender of Waree was easily obtained, but Raree was invested. A Portuguese force from Goa had been before the place twenty-nine days, and had employed in the siege twenty-five pieces of ordnance, of which ten were of the largest calibre. The British batteries were opened on the 13th of February, and on the evening of the same day, the general defences were considered sufficiently impaired to admit of the outworks being assaulted, and they were carried accordingly. The principal portion of the garrison evacuated the place during the same night, and the remainder surrendered on the following morning. A treaty followed these operations, and is dated the 17th of February, 1819. It does not differ in any material point from other treaties of this period, except that subjects of Sawuntwaree committing crimes within, or plundering the British territories, are to be tried by the laws of that country. Certain districts and forts were ceded to the British Government, together with the line of sea-coast connecting its territory with that of the Portuguese. By another treaty of the same date, in the following year, the districts, with the exception of the line of sea-coast, were retroceded to Sawuntwaree, in proof that the British Government demanded the cession of those places only to put a stop to the depredations of the people of Sawuntwaree within its territory.

These measures failed, however, to produce what we desired, protection within our own border from the depredations of the people of Sawuntwaree; and it was found necessary to give the assistance of our Government to form in that principality an administration sufficiently powerful to subdue some of its turbulent chiefs, who impeded the efficient working of the machine.

In 1822, the Raja, though then in his 19th or 20th year, was debarred from all authority in the state by the Ranees, who, with the assistance of an influential minister, wished here, as elsewhere, to keep the administration of affairs in their own hands, whilst the most influential person in the principality, named Chundroba, favored the Raja's pretensions, and would have assisted him to break through the thraldom in which he was kept, had he not feared to lose thereby a substantial pension, which he held under the guarantee of our Government.

The weakness and disorganization of the Government of this petty state have again in the present year compelled the British Government to an armed interference in its internal affairs, and

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the forts of Mahdogurh and Narraingurh, and the town of Waree are now occupied by British troops.

4th Class. Guarantee and protection, subordinate co-operation; but supremacy in their own territory.

1. AMEER KHAN. From a low station in Rohilkund, Ameer Khan rose to an inferior command in the service of the gallant Nawab of Bhopal, and from that station entered the service of Jeswunt Rao Holkar, with whose fortunes those of this great predatory leader are blended, until they returned with the wreck of their army from the Punjab in the early part of 1806.

It is unnecessary to follow this chief through his great career of crime, in the eleven years which intervened between that period and the " engagement" into which he entered with the British Government, in 1817. Amongst other events of his checquered life, his demonstrations against the Nagpore territory, in 1809, which at one time promised to subvert that Government led to the advance of the British army under Colonel Close to his capital of Seronje.

The "engagement" with Ameer Khan is dated November, 1817. It guarantees to the Nawab and his heirs in perpetuity the possession of the places which he held in grant from Maha Raja Holkar; the principal of which were Tonk, Seronje, and Neembahera― Rampore was afterwards granted to him by the British Government; and in all, they are understood to yield fifteen lakhs a year.

Since that period Ameer Khan has settled down into a quiet and respectable administration of his country, having incurred in the estimation of his followers, and his tribe, considerable odium for overlooking their interests in his engagements with us; and still more by forsaking the cause in which Holkar and the other Mahratta principalities were then engaged, before the fate of that cause had been decided by the battles of Poona, Mahedpore, and Nagpore.

In the eventual adjustment of the territory to be settled on Nawab Ameer Khan, he laid claim to the Jageer which Guffoor Khan, his agent with Holkar's army, had secured to himself from that chief; amounting to five lakhs of rupees per annum, and which by the treaty with Holkar had been guaranteed to him in the same manner as the Nawab's possesions were guaranteed to himself; his claim to Guffoor Khan's possessions was therefore of course disallowed.

In 1821, the Nawab was considered to show a bad disposition, in first harbouring, and afterwards aiding in the escape of, Goverdun Doss, the son of the Raj Rana of Kotah, who had joined the party of the Maha Rao in opposing his own father and our troops.

In 1825, the Nawab made a proposal, to farm for a period of twenty years, the whole of his possessions to the British Government, the object of which was not apparent if there was indeed any object, or he had any such intention.

In 1827, the Nawab took a strong objection to the measures of our opium agent at Sehore; to the seizure of some opium passing from one of his districts, where it was produced, to his residence at Tonk, and to the conduct of the persons employed by us to seize and purchase opium. It was not considered necessary, however, by Government to restore this opium, but it was proposed to make him compensation for any defalcation of revenue which he might sustain through our opium arrangements.

In 1827, the Nawab revived the discussion of his claim to the possession of the late Guffoor Khan, which he pretended were assignments made by himself to that chief, for the support of troops, and proposed to make a suitable allowance for Guffoor Khan's son. The decision of Government on this question remained unaltered, Guffoor Khan and his heirs being considered guaranteed by the treaty of Mundesoor in his possessions.

The son and heir to the possessions of Nawab Ameer Khan is a disciple of the late Seyud Ahmed, and will be the only independent chief in India professing those doctrines. Seyud Ahmed was a native of the same part of the country as Ameer Khan, and was originally in the Nawab's service. When he entered on his northern crusade against the infidels of India, he left his family under the Nawab's care at Tonk, which however remained a secret until after the Seyud's first important defeat by the army of Runjeet Singh in the neighbourhood of Peshawur.

In discussing the important events of his life at Dehlee, in 1827, Ameer Khan considered that he was fairly entitled to a chout on the territories which we conquered from the Peishwa and the Bhonsla; arguing that but for the expedition under his command to Nagpore, in 1809, and the fear which the Nagpore Raja entertained of him, that chief would never have subsidized a force of ours; and that but for Holkar's expedition to Poona in 1802, in which he acted so conspicuous a part, we should never have had a subsidiary force there; and that without these subsidiary forces, we should never have gained such important acquisitions of territory.

2. PROTECTED SIKH STATES.-These states came under British protection when Maha Raja Runjeet Singh was induced, through the negociations with him, in 1809, terminating in the treaty of the 25th of April of that year, to retire behind the Sutleje, maintaining on its left bank only sufficient troops for the internal duties of his territories there, and renouncing all authority over the Sikh states so situated.

We have no treaties with any of the states-they were received under British protection without any stipulations on either side, and have since continued the most favored of the states of India, enjoying perfect security against foreign invasion, and arbitration in their international affairs, without paying tribute to the power by whom they are protected, and which seeks to avoid all concern with their internal administration. There are about 150 Sirdars and proprietors in this tract of country, of whom 135 are Sikhs and

the rest Mahomedans. The revenue of the whole is estimated at 55 lakhs of rupees, and it is supposed that these chiefs can without any difficulty support an army of 5,000 horse and 20,000 Infantry. Putteala is the largest state, its revenues being nearly 20,00,000 a year,

Keytul is the next in importance, its revenues being about 4,00,000. Jeend and Naba are of nearly equal magnitude, their revenues being about 2,50,000 rupees each.

The others are of inferior importance, three or four of them yielding a lakh a year, and the others under that sum.

The only questions of any importance that occur in these states, requiring our mediation, are the aggressions of one state towards another, for they maintained for many years their original predatory habits, which were hardly inferior to those of the Mahrattas and Pindarees; the settlement of boundary disputes, and those relating to succession.

- In Putteala Kour Ajeet Singh contended for a series of years against his brother's possession of the entire principality. After the death of their father he retired to Dehlee to prosecute his claim, which was for a half share of the territory; professing that if we did not interfere, he could through an appeal to the justice of the neighbouring Sikh states, particularly to that of Maha Raja Runjeet Singh, force from his brother the share which he claimed. It does not of course suit our purpose, which is the maintenance of univer sal tranquillity, to admit of the armed interference of one state in the adjustment of disputed questions in another. But as we prohibit this, it is our duty to bring those questions to a speedy and final decision. After Kour Ajeet Singh had remained absent from Putteala for seven years, an inquiry was held in November, 1826, into his pretensions. But he failed to establish any one instance in which a division of territory had taken place in the tribe to which he belonged (the Phoolkeas,) in what could be considered a Reeasut or Government. And it was obvious, if the laws or usages of inhe ritance in property of this nature were different amongst the Sikhs from those which prevail in the other Hindoo states of India, whether Rajpoot, Mahratta, or any other, that Sikhs could not long maintain a national Government. It was therefore decided that Kour Ajeet Singh was not entitled to share in the possessions of Putteala. Dropping this pretension there was little difficulty in securing a suitable provision for him, for Maha Raja Kurm Singh was perfectly well disposed towards his brother, and an adjustment of their differences according to his new pretensions was effected without our interference.

In the Naba chiefship Raja Jeswunt Singh, who had married a young wife, influenced by her, desired to set aside his elder son Kour Runjeet Singh, in favor of her offspring. This has of late years been the principal object of the Naba chief. He had, as is usual in such cases, originally made a separate provision for his elder son, from which he latterly displaced him, and under the

pretence that an attempt had, through his instigation, been made on his own life, the son was placed in confinement. From this situation however he effected his escape, and sought employment in the Panjab. The British Government steadily refused to sanetion any change in the established rules of succession, and Kour Runjeet Singh would in the service of the Maha Raja have quietly awaited the death of his father, but he has himself lately died in exile.

These are the questions which disturb the harmony of these petty states; in other respects they are more happily circumstanced than most of the principalities under our protection. Situated on the frontier which separates Hindoostan from the nations of the north and west, on the great commercial tract between these countries, they must benefit from the operations of all, whilst their position affords a ready outlet for their productions, whether agricultural or commercial. They will too participate largely in any benefits that may arise from the opening of the Indus and Sutleje to the commerce of Western India; although their position on the Jumna must afford a ready enough means of transport for their commodities to the plains of Bengal.

5th Class.-Amity and friendship.

1. GWALIOR.-The first treaty of the British Government with Scindia is dated the 13th of October, 1781, and was negotiated with Madhajee Scindia, the son of Ranajee, the founder of this family. The Mahrattas had lost their possessions in Hindoostan and Malwa with the battle of Paniput, in 1760, but their tide of conquest soon again rolled northward, and before his death we find this chief at the head of a powerful army, organised under French officers, the principal of whom was general De Boigne, the actual ruler of the greater portion of Hindoostan and Rajpootana. He was recognised as an independent Prince by the treaty of Salbye, negotiated by the British Government with the Mahratta Empire, in 1782. He died at Poona, whither it is supposed he marched with no friendly intentions towards the British Government, during the first siege of Seringapatam. He was succeeded by his grandnephew Dowlut Rao Scindia, who was then in his fourteenth year, and on whom devolved the control of a regular army, sufficient, had there been no British army in that field, to govern the destinies of India. Dowlut Rao Scindia's first great effort against the British Government was to resist the position which it had assumed, when through the treaty of Bassien of December, 1802, it brought the Peishwa back to Poona, and restored him to the throne from which he had been driven by Scindia's rival, Holkar, who through the fortune of war obtained for a moment the ascendancy at that capital. Scindia in confederation with the Bhonsla, Holkar, and it is even supposed with the Peishwa himself, advanced towards Poona; but the defeat of the united armies of Scindia and the Bhonsla at the battles of Assye and Worgaom by the Duke of Wellington; and