purpose he for some time allowed a salary to the famous Henry Stephens. His relations were so incensed at him for the money he expended in this way, that they brought an action against him, in consequence of which he was declared incapable of managing his affairs. Thuanus, and some other writers observe, that this sentence pronounced against Fugger plunged him into a deep melancholy, which accompanied him almost to his grave; but it is asserted in his epitaph, that he was unmoved at the shock, and that he was soon after restored to his estate. He had retired to Heidelberg, where he died in 1584; having bequeathed his library, which was very considerable, to the elector Palatine, with a fund for the maintenance of six scholars. '

FULBECK (WILLIAM), an English law-writer, was the son of Thomas Fulbeck, who was mayor of Lincoln at the time of his death in 1566. He was born in the parish of St. Benedict in that city in 1560, entered as a commoner of St. Alban hall, Oxford, in 1577, and was admitted scholar of Corpus Christi college about two years after. In 1581 he took his bachelor's degree, and the next year became probationer fellow. He then removed to Gloucester-hall (now Worcester college) where he completed the degree of M. A. in 1584. From Oxford he went to Gray's Inn, London, where he applied with great assiduity to the study of the municipal law. Wood says, he had afterwards the degree of civil law conferred on him, but where he had not been able to discover, nor is the place or time of his death known. From an extract from bishop Kennet, in the new edition of Wood, it seems not improbable that he took orders. His works are, 1. "Christian Ethics," Lond. 1587, 8vo. 2. "An historical collection of the continual factions, tumults, and massacres of the Romans before the peaceable empire of Augustus Cæsar," ibid. 1600, 8vo, 1601, 4to. 3. "A direction or preparative to the study of the Law," ibid. 1600, Svo, afterwards published, with a new title-page, as "A parallel or conference of the civil, the canon, and the common law," ibid. 1618. 4. "The Pandects of the Laws of Nations; or the discourses of the matters in law, wherein the nations of the world do agree," ibid. 1602, 4to.'

FULBERT, bishop of Chartres, who flourished towards the end of the tenth and beginning of the eleventh cen

2 Bayle in Gen. Dict.-Moreri.

2 Ath. Ox, new edit. by Bliss, vol. I.

tury, is celebrated, in the Romish church history, for his learning and piety. Some authors rank him among the chancellors of France, under the reign of king Robert, but he was only chancellor of the church of Chartres, at the same time that he was rector of the school. He had been himself a disciple of the learned Gerbert, who was afterwards pope Sylvester II. in the year 999. Fulbert came from Rome to France, and taught in the schools belonging to the church of Chartres, which were then not only attended by a great concourse of scholars, but by his means contributed greatly to the revival of learning and religion in France and Germany; and most of the eminent men of his time thought it an honour to be able to say that they had been his scholars. In 1007 he succeeded to the bishopric of Chartres, and the duke William gave him the office of treasurer of St. Hilary of Poitiers, the profits of which Fulbert employed in rebuilding his cathedral church. He was distinguished in his time for attachment to ecclesiastical discipline, and apostolic courage; and such was his character and fame, that he was highly esteemed by the princes and sovereigns of his age, by Robert, king of France, Canute, king of England; Richard II. duke of Normandy; William, duke of Aquitaine; and the greater part of the contemporary noblemen and prelates. He. continued bishop of Chartres for twenty-one years and six months, and died, according to the abbe Fleuri, in 1029; but others, with more probability, fix that event on April 10, 1028. His works, which were printed, not very correctly, by Charles de Villiers in 1608, consist of letters, sermons, and some lesser pieces in prose and verse. sermons, Dupin thinks, contain little worthy of notice; but his letters, which amount to 134, have ever been considered as curious memorials of the history and sentiments of the times. They prove, however, that although Fulbert might contribute much to the propagation of learning, he bad not advanced in liberality of sentiment before his contemporaries. There are also two other letters of our prelate in existence, the one in D'Acheri's "Spicilegium," and the other in Martenne's "Thesaurus Anecdotorum," both illustrative of his sentiments, and the sentiments of his age.1

VOL. XV.

1 Dupin,-Cave.Moreri.-Saxti Onomast,

M

His

FULGENTIUS (St.) an ecclesiastical writer, was born at Telepta, or Tellepte, about the year 468. He was of an illustrious family, the son of Claudius, and grandson of Gordianus, a senator of Carthage. Claudius dying early, left his son, then very young, to the care of his widow Mariana. He was properly educated in the knowledge of the Latin and Greek languages, and made such progress in his studies, that while yet a boy he could repeat all Homer, and spoke Greek with fluency and purity. As soon as he was capable of an employment he was made procurator or receiver of the revenues of his province. But this situation displeased him, because of the rigour he was forced to use in levying taxes; and therefore, notwithstanding the tears and dissuasions of his mother, he left the world, and took the monastic vows under Faustus, a bishop persecuted by the Arian faction, who had founded a monastery in that neighbourhood. The continued persecutions of the Arians soon separated him and Faustus; and not long after, the incursions of the Moors obliged him to retire into the country of Sicca, where he was whipped and imprisoned. Afterwards he resolved to go into Egypt; but in his voyage was dissuaded by Eulalius bishop of Syracuse, because the monks of the East had separated from the catholic church. He consulted also a bishop of Africa, who had retired into Sicily; and this bishop advised him to return to his own country, after he had made a journey to Rome. King Theodoric was in that city when he arrived there, which was in the year 500. After he had visited the sepulchres of the apostles he returned to his own country, where he built a monastery.

Africa was then under the dominion of Thrasimond king of the Vandals, an Arian, and a cruel enemy to the catholics. He had forbidden to ordain catholic bishops in the room of those who died: but the bishops of Africa were determined not to obey an order which threatened the extinction of orthodoxy. Fulgentius, under these circumstances, wished to avoid being a bishop; and when elected for the see of Vinta in the year 507, fled and concealed himself, but being soon discovered, was appointed bishop of Ruspæ much against his will. On this elevation he did not change either his habit or manner of living, but used the same austerities and abstinence as before. He still loved the monks, and delighted to retire into a monastery as often as the business of his episcopal function allowed

him time. Afterwards he had the same fate with about two hundred and twenty catholic bishops of Africa, whom Thrasimond banished into the island of Sardinia; and though he was not the oldest among them, yet they paid such respect to his learning, as to employ his pen in all the writings produced in the name of their body. So great was his reputation, that Thrasimond had a curiosity to see and hear him; and having sent for him to Carthage, he proposed to him many difficulties, which Fulgentius solved to his satisfaction: but because he confirmed the catholics, and converted many Arians, their bishop at Carthage prayed the king to send him back to Sardinia. Thrasimond dying about the year 523, his son Hilderic recalled the catholic bishops, of whom Fulgentius was one. He returned, to the great joy of those who were concerned with him, led a most exemplary life, governed his clergy. well, and performed all the offices of a good bishop. He died in the year 533, on the first day of the year, being then sixty-five.

His works, as many of them as are extant, consisting of doctrinal treatises and some epistles, have often been printed; but the last and completest edition is in one volume, 4to, Paris, 1684. Fulgentius did not only follow the doctrine of St. Austin, but he also imitated his style. His language, indeed, is not quite so pure; but he has not the same play of words as St. Austin. He had a quick and subtle spirit, which easily comprehended whatever he applied himself to learn; and he had a clear and copious way of setting it off; too copious indeed, for he often repeats the same things in different words, and turns the question many different ways. He was deeply versed in the holy scriptures, and as well read in the fathers, particularly St. Austin: but, as he loved thorny and scholastic questions, he sometimes introduced them in the discussion of mysteries.' FULGENTIUS PLANCIADES (FABIUS), who is sometimes confounded with the preceding St. Fulgentius, is supposed to have been bishop of Carthage in the sixth century, but some think not before the eighth or ninth. He is the author of three books of mythology, addressed to one Catus, a priest. They were first published in 1498, at Milan, in folio, by Jo. Bapt. Pius, who added a commen

Dupin.-Cave, vol. I.—Moreri.-Milner's Ch. Hist. vol. III. p. 1.—Saxt

Onomast.

tary. Jerome Commelin reprinted them in 1599, with the works of other mythologists. There is likewise a treatise by him "De Prisco Sermone, ad Chalcidium," published by Hadrian Junius, at Antwerp, 1565, along with Nonius Marcellus, and afterwards reprinted with the "Auctores Linguæ Latinæ," Paris, 1586, and elsewhere. His works are now rather curious than valuable, as they bear the impress of the dark age in which he lived.'

FULGOSO (BAPTIST). See FREGOSO.

FULKE (WILLIAM), a celebrated English divine, and master of Pembroke-hall, Cambridge, was born in London, and educated in St. John's college, Cambridge, of which he was chosen fellow in 1564. He was a youth of great parts, and of a very high spirit. When a boy at school, he is said to have betrayed great anger and mortification on losing a literary contest for a silver pen, with the celebrated Edmund Campian, and as the latter was educated at Christ's hospital, this incident seems to prove that Fulke was of the same school. Before he became fellow of his college, he complied with the wishes of his father, by studying law at Clifford's-inn, but on his return to the university, his inclinations became averse to that pursuit, and he was unable to conquer them, although his father refused to support him any longer. Young Fulke, however, trusted to his industry and endowments, and soon became a distinguished scholar in mathematics, languages, and divinity. Having taken orders, his early intimacy with some of the puritan divines induced him to preach in favour of some of their sentiments respecting the ecclesiastical habits and ceremonies. This occurred about 1565, and brought upon him the censure of the chancellor of the university, which, it is said, proceeded to expulsion. On this he took lodgings in the town of Cambridge, and subsisted for some time by reading lectures. His expulsion, however, if it really took place, which seems doubtful, did not lessen his general reputa tion, as in 1569 there was an intention to choose him master of St. John's college, had not archbishop Parker interfered; but about the same time he found a patron in the earl of Leicester, who was more indulgent to the puritans, and who received Mr. Fulke into his house, as his domestic

Moreri.-Baillet Jugemens-Clarke's Bibliographical Dictionary.-Saxii Onomast, in Planciades.