whether any person unordained may lawfully preach; and whether the Lord's Prayer ought not to be used by all Christians, 1654," 8vo. 5. "The speech of birds, also of flowers, partly moral, partly mystical, 1660," 8vo. A work entitled "T. Fuller's Triana; or three-fold Romanza of Mariana, Paduana, and Sabina," 1662, 12mo, is attributed to him in some catalogues. He published also a great many sermons, separately and in volumes.

Dr. Fuller was in his person tall and well-made, but no way inclining to corpulency; his complexion was florid; and his hair of a light colour and curling. He was a kind husband to both his wives, a tender father to both his children, a good friend and neighbour, and a well-behaved civilized person in every respect. He was a most agreeable companion, having a great deal of wit, which he could not suppress in his most serious compositions, but it suited the age he lived in, and however introduced, was always made subservient to some good purpose. All his facetia, however, must not be referred to the age of James I. and Charles. Fuller has left enough to convince us that he would have been admitted a legitimate wit in any age. He had all the rich imagery of bishop Hall, but with more familiarity and less elegance.

Of the powers of his memory, such wonders are related as are not quite credible. He could repeat five hundred strange words after twice hearing, and could make use of a sermon verbatim, if he once heard it. He undertook, in passing from Temple-bar to the farthest part of Cheapside, to tell at his return every sign as it stood in order on both sides of the way, repeating them either backwards or forwards: and he did it exactly. His manner of writing is also reported to have been strange. He wrote, it is said, near the margin the first words of every line down to the foot of the paper; then, by beginning at the head again, would so perfectly fill up every one of these lines, and without spaces, interlineations, or contractions, would so connect the ends and beginnings, that the sense would appear as complete, as if he had written it in a continued series after the ordinary manner. This, however, he might sometimes do to amuse his friends; it never could have been his practice.

It was sufficiently known how steady he was in the interests of the church of England, against the innovations of the presbyterians and independents; but his zeal against

these was mixed with greater compassion than it was towards the papists: and this raised him up many adversaries, who charged him with puritanism. He used to call the controversies concerning episcopacy, and the newfangled arguments against the church of England, " insects of a day;" and carefully avoided polemical disputes, being altogether of sir Henry Wotton's opinion, "disputandi pruritus, ecclesia scabies." The fact was, that he loved pious and good men of all denominations, and it is this candour which has given a value to his works superior to those of his opponents. For the many errors which occur in his histories, it is surely easy to find an apology in this single circumstance, that the whole of them were compiled and published within about twenty years, during which he was obliged to remove from place to place in quest of literary leisure, and freedom from the cruel severities of the times. His "Church History" is the most incorrect of all his works, and Strype has pointed out a great many errors in the transcription of historical documents, to which perhaps Fuller had not the easiest access. His "Worthies" was a posthumous publication, by his Son, and although less perfect than he could have made it, had his life been spared a few years longer, with the opportunities which the return of peace might have afforded, yet it contains many interesting memorials; and he was the second (see SAMUEL CLARKE) who published what may be called English biography. This work has for many years been rising in price and estimation, and the public has lately been gratified by a new edition, in 2 vols. 4to, edited by Mr. Nichols, with many improvements and additions, from the communications of his literary friends. '

FULLER (THOMAS), an English physician, but perhaps better known for a very useful work on morals, was born June 24, 1654, and was educated at Queen's college, Cambridge, where he took his degrees in medicine, that of M. B. in 1676, and that of M. D. in 1681. He does not appear to have been a member of the college of physicians of London, but settled at Sevenoak in Kent, where he was greatly esteemed. He was a great benefactor to the poor, and a zealous assertor of their rights, having, not long before his death, prosecuted the managers of a

Life of T. Fuller, 12mo.-Biog. Brit.-Peck's Desiderata, vol. II.—Lysons's Environs,-Hutchins's Dorsetshire, 2d edit.-Censura Lit. vol. I and III.

considerable charity given to the inhabitants of that town by sir William Senoke (a foundling of the place, and in 1418 lord mayor of London) and obliged them to produce their accounts in chancery, and to be subject for the future to an annual election. Here Dr. Fuller died, Sept. 17, 1734: The moral work which he published was entitled "Introductio ad prudentiam; or directions, counsels and cautions, tending to prudent management of affairs of common life," 1727, 12mo, compiled for the use of his son. To this he added, what may be reckoned a second volume, with the title of "Introductio, &c.; or the art of right thinking, assisted and improved by such notions as men of sense and experience have left us in their writings, in order to eradicate error, and plant knowledge," 1731-2, 12mo. His medical works were, 1. " Pharmacopoeia extemporanea," 1702 and 1714, 8vo. 2." Pharmacopoeia Bateana," 1718, 12mo. 3." Pharmacopoeia Domestica," 1723, 8vo, 4." Of eruptive fevers, measles, and small-pox," 1730, 4to. There is another work entitled "Medicina Gymnastica," which has been sometimes attributed to him, but was written by a Francis Fuller, M. A. of St. John's college, Cambridge, and published in 1704.1

FULLO (PETER), so called from the trade of a fuller, which he exercised in his monastic state, intruded himself into the see of Antioch, in the fifth century, and after having been several times deposed and condemned on account of the bitterness of his opposition to the council of Chalcedon, was at last fixed in it, in the year 482, by the authority of the emperor Zeno, and the favour of Acacius, bishop of Constantinople. Among the innovations which he introduced to excite discord in the church, was an alteration in the famous hymn which the Greeks called Tris-agion. After the words "O God most holy, &c." he ordered the following phrase to be added in the eastern churches, "who has suffered for us upon the cross." His design in this was to raise a new sect, and also to fix more deeply in the minds of the people, the doctrine of one nature in Christ, to which he was zealously attached. His adversaries, and especially Fœlix, the Roman pontiff, interpreted this addition in a quite different manner, and charged him with maintaining, that all the three persons of the Godhead were crucified; and hence

his followers were called Theopaschites. To put an end to the controversy, the emperor Zeno published in the year 482 the "Henoticon," or decree of union, which was designed to reconcile the parties, and Fullo signed it; but the effects of the contest disturbed the church for a long time after his death, which happened in the year 486.1

FULMAN (WILLIAM), an English antiquary, was the son of a tradesman at Penshurst, in Kent, where he was born in Nov. 1632, and his early capacity being known to the celebrated Dr. Hammond, who was minister of that place, he took him with him to Oxford during the usurpation. There he procured him the place of chorister in Magdalen college, and at the same time had him educated at the school belonging to that college. In 1647 he became a candidate for a scholarship in Corpus Christi college, and succeeded by his skill in classical learning. The next year he was ejected by the parliamentary visitors, along with his early patron, Dr. Hammond, to whom, however, he faithfully adhered, and was serviceable to him as an amanuensis. Dr. Hammond afterwards procured him a tutor's place in a family, where he remained until the restoration, and then resuming his scholarship at college, was created M. A. and obtained a fellowship. He was, several years after, presented by his college to the rectory of Meysey Hampton, near Fairford,, in Gloucestershire, on which he resided during his life, employing his time that was not occupied in professional duties, in the study of history and antiquities, particularly what regarded his own country. He died June 28, 1688, according to Wood, but Atkins mentions his successor, Dr. Beale, with the date 1697. Wood informs us that Mr. Fulman made large collections of history, but published little. We have, however, of his, 1. "Academiæ Oxoniensis Notitia," Oxford, 1665, 4to, reprinted at London in 1675, with additions and corrections from Wood's Latin history, the sheets of which he communicated to Mr. Fulman as they came from the press. 2. "Appendix to the Life of Edmund Stanton, D. D. wherein some passages are further cleared, which were not fully held forth by the former authors," Lond. 1673. This is a censure of some particulars in Mayow's Life of Dr. Stanton. 3. "Corrections and Observations on the first part of Burnet's History of

1 Mosheim's Hist.

the Reformation," not a distinct publication, but communicated by the author to Burnet, who published them at the end of his second volume, and, according to Wood, not completely. Fulman also collected what are called the "Works of Charles I." but happening to be taken ill about the intended time of publication (1662), the bookseller employed Dr. Perinchief as editor. It contains, however, Fulman's notes. Many of his MS collections are in the library of Corpus Christi college. He will occur to be noticed hereafter as editor of Dr. Hammond's works.1

FUMANI, or FUMANUS (ADAM), an accomplished scholar and Latin poet, was born at Verona, and not at Venice, as Foscarini asserts. He studied Greek and Latin with astonishing progress, under Romulus Amaseus, and the extensive learning he afterwards acquired made. him known and respected by all the eminent scholars of his time. On the death of one of his particular friends, John Matthew Giberti, bishop of Verona, which happened in 1544, he composed a funeral oration, which is said to have been very eloquent, but which he was not able to deliver without such continual interruption from the tears and sobs of his audience, as prevented its being heard with any other effect. At this time he enjoyed a canonry at Venice, which he kept all his life. Navagero and Valerio, the two successive bishops of Verona, and both cardinals, had the highest esteem for Fumani; by the interest of the former he was appointed secretary to the council of Trent. He died advanced in age in 1587. He published "D. Basilii Moralia,. et Ascetica," translated by him, Leyden, 1540, fol. but is best known by his Latin poems, the chief of which is a system of logic, in Latin verse, on which, notwithstanding the unpromising nature of the attempt, Tiraboschi bestows very high praises. This curious work remained in manuscript until 1739, when it was published in the Padua edition of the works of Fracastorius, 2 vols. 4to. There are other poems by Fumani in the same collection, both in Greek and Latin, and some in Italian ; but in the latter he is not thought so successful.*

FUNCCIUS, or FUNCK (JOHN NICOLAS), a native of Marpurg, and a celebrated critic in the Latin language, was born in 1693. He was educated at the university of Rintlen in Westphalia, and was a writer of several philo

Ath. Ox. vol. II.

2 Tiraboschi.-Moreri.-Niceron, vol. XII.