4.

nitiones Term. Musicæ," of John Tinctor. 2. "Practica Musicæ utriusque Cantus," Milan, 1496; Brescia, 1497, 1502; and Venice, 1512. 3. "Angelicum ac Divinum Opus Musica Materna Lingua Scrip." Milan, 1508. "De Harmonica Musicor. Instrumentorum," Milan, 1518. This work, we are told by Pantaleone Melegulo, his countryman and biographer, was written when Gaffurius was forty years of age; and though the subject is dark and difficult, it was absolutely necessary for understanding the ancient authors. With these abilities, however, Gaffurius did not escape the superstitions of his time. He was not only addicted to astrology, but taught that art at Padua, in 1522, He was then seventy-one years of age, and is supposed to have died soon after, although Dr. Burney fixes his death two years before.'

GAGE (THOMAS), an English clergyman and traveller, was descended from Robert Gage of Haling, in Surrey, third son of sir John Gage, of Firle, in Sussex, who died in 1557. He was the son of John Gage, of Haling, and his brother was sir Henry Gage, governor of Oxford, who was killed in battle at Culham-bridge, Jan. 11, 1644. Of his early history we are only told that he studied in Spain, and became a Dominican monk. From thence he departed with a design to go to the Philippine islands, as a missionary, in 1625; but on his arrival at Mexico, he heard so bad an account of those islands, and became so delighted with New Spain, that he abandoned his original design, and contented him with a less dangerous mission. At length, being tired of this mode of life, and his request to return to England and preach the gospel among his countrymen being refused, he effected his escape, and arrived in London in 1637, after an absence of twentyfour years, in which he had quite lost the use of his native language. On examining into his domestic affairs, he found himself unnoticed in his father's will, forgotten by some of his relations, and with difficulty acknowledged by others. After a little time, not being satisfied with respect to some religious doubts which had entered his mind while abroad, and disgusted with the great power of the papists, he resolved to take another journey to Italy, to "try what better satisfaction he could find for his con

By Dr. Burney, in his Hist. of Music, and in Rees's Cyclopædia.-Tiraboschi.-Ginguene Hist. Lit, d'Italie.

science at Rome in that religion." At Loretto his conversion from popery was fixed by proving the fallacy of the miracles attributed to the picture of our Lady there; on which he immediately returned home once more, and preached his recantation sermon at St. Paul's, by order of the bishop of London. He continued above a year in London, and when he saw that papists were entertained at Oxford and other parts of the kingdom attached to the royal cause, he adopted that of the parliament, and received a living from them, probably that of Deal, in Kent, in the register of which church is an entry of the burials of Mary daughter, and Mary the wife of "Thomas Gage, parson of Deale, March 21, 1652;" and in the title of his work he is styled "Preacher of the word of God at Deal." We have not been able to discover when he died. His work is entitled "A new Survey of the West-Indies; or the English American his Travail by sea and land, containing a journal of 3300 miles within the main land of America. Wherein is set forth his voyage from Spain to St. John de Ulhua; and from thence to Xalappa, to Flaxcalla, the city of Angels, and forward to Mexico, &c. &c. &c." The second edition, Lond. 1655, thin folio, with maps. The first edition, which we have not seen, bears. date 1648. Mr. Southey, who has quoted much from this work in the notes on his of poem 66 Madoc," says that Gage's account of Mexico is copied verbatim from Nicholas's "Conqueast of West-India," which itself is a translation from Gomara. There is an Amsterdam edition of Gage, 1695, 2 vols. 12mo, in French, made by command of the French minister Colbert, by mons. de Beaulieu Hues O'Neil, which, however, was first published in 1676, at Paris. There are some retrenchments in this edition. Gage appears to be a faithful and accurate relator, but often credulous and superstitious. His recantation sermon was published at London, 1642, 4to; and in 1651 he published "A duel between a Jesuite and a Dominican, begun at Paris, fought at Madrid, and ended at London," 4to.1

GAGER (WILLIAM), a Latin poet of considerable note in the sixteenth century, was educated at Westminsterschool, from which he was elected to Oxford, in 1574, and took afterwards his degrees in arts at Christ-church,

1 Censura Literaria, vol. V.-Moreri.

but in a few years preferring the study of the law, he took the degrees in that faculty also, in 1589. About this time his reputation had recommended him to Dr. Martin Heton, bishop of Ely, by whose interest, most probably, he was made chancellor of that diocese. Wood professes that he knows no more of him, unless that he was living in 1610; but by the assistance of the Ely registers, we are enabled to pursue him a little farther. By them it appears that in 1601, being then LL. D. he acted as surrogate to Dr. Swale, vicar-general of Ely, and in 1608 he was delegate and commissary to archbishop Bancroft, in the diocese of Ely; and in 1609 he was custos of the spiritualities in the vacancy of the see. In the years 1613, 1616, and 1618, he was vicar-general and official principal to Lancelot Andrews, bishop of Ely; and in 1619 he acted as deputy for the archdeacon of Canterbury, at the installation of bishop Felton, in the cathedral of Ely. When he died we have not been able to discover.

Wood says, "he was an excellent poet, especially in the Latin tongue, and reputed the best comedian (i. e. dramatic writer) of his time." He had a controversy with Dr. John Rainolds, on the lawfulness of stage-plays, which appears to have been carried on in manuscript letters, until Rainolds published his "Overthrow of Stage-plays," containing his answer to Gager and a rejoinder. He had a more singular controversy with Mr. Heale, of Exeter-college, in consequence of his (Gager's) asserting at the Oxford Act in 1608, "That it was lawful for husbands to beat their wives." This Mr. Heale answered in "An Apology for Women," &c. Oxon. 1609, 4to. In the "Exequiæ D. Philippi Sidnæi," Gager has a copy of verses in honour of that celebrated character, who, when living, had a great respect for his learning and virtues. His Latin plays are, 1." Meleager," a tragedy. 2. "Rivales," a comedy; and 3. "Ulysses redux,' Ulysses redux," a tragedy. These were all acted, and we are told, with great applause, in Christ church hall. The first only was printed in 1592, 4to, and occasioned the controversy between the author and Dr. Rainolds. Gager's letter in defence of this and his other plays, is in the library of University-college.'

GAGNIER (JOHN), an eminent orientalist, was a native of Paris, where he was educated; and, applying himself

1 Ath. Ox. vol. I.-Warton's Hist, of Poetry, vol. II, 383.—MS Registers of Ely.

to study the eastern languages, became a great master in the Hebrew and Arabic. He was trained up in the Roman Catholic religion, and taking orders, was made a canon regular of the abbey of St. Genevieve, but becoming dissatisfied with his religion, and marrying after he had left his convent, he was upon that account obliged to quit his native country, came to England, and embraced the faith and doctrine of that church in the beginning of the eighteenth century. He was well received here, and met with many friends, who gave him handsome encouragement, particularly archbishop Sharp, and the lord chancellor Macclesfield, to which last he dedicated his edition of Abulfeda. He had a master of arts degree conferred upon him at Cambridge; and going thence to Oxford, for the sake of prosecuting his studies in the Bodleian library, he was admitted to the same degree in that university, where he supported himself by teaching Hebrew. He had previously been made chaplain to Dr. William Lloyd, bishop of Worcester, whom he accompanied to Oxford.

In 1706, he published an edition of Joseph Ben Gorion's "History of the Jews," in the original Hebrew, with a Latin translation, and notes, in 4to. In 1710, at the appointment of Sharp, abp. of York, he assisted Grabe in the perusal of the Arabic manuscripts in the Bodleian library, relating to the Clementine constitutions; on which the archbishop had engaged Grabe to write a treatise against Whiston. Gagnier accordingly read and interpreted diligently to Grabe all that might be serviceable to his purpose in any of them.

In 1717 he was appointed to read the Arabic lecture at Oxford, in the absence of the professor Wallis. In 1718 appeared his " Vindicia Kircherianæ, seu defensio concordantiarum Græcarum Conradi Kircheri, adversus Abr. Trommii animadversiones ;" and in 1723, he published Abulfeda's "Life of Mohammed," in Arabic, with a Latin. translation and notes, at Oxford, in folio. He also prepared for the press the same Arabic author's Geography, and printed proposals for a subscription, but the attempt proved abortive, for want of encouragement. Eighteen. sheets were printed, and the remainder, which was imperfect, was purchased of his widow by Dr. Hunt. It is said that he wrote a life of Mahommed, in French, published at Amsterdam, in 1730, in 3 vols. 12mo. But this was probably a translation of the former life. Gagnier had

before this inserted Graves's Latin translation of Abulfeda's description of Arabia, together with the original, in the third volume of Hudson's "Geographiæ veteris scriptores Græci minores," in 1712, 8vo, and had translated from the Arabic, Rhases on the Small-pox, at the request of Dr. Mead. He died March 2, 1740. By his wife he left. a son, Thomas, or as in the Oxford graduates, John. Gagnier, who was educated at Wadham-college, Oxford, and commenced M. A. July 2, 1743. Entering into holy orders, he was preferred by bishop Clavering to the rec tory of Marsh-Gibbon, in Buckinghamshire, and afterwards obtained that of Stranton, near Hartlepool, in the bishopric of Durham, where he was living in 1766, but the historian of Durham having concluded his list of vicars with Mr. Gagnier at the year of his induction, in 1745, we are not able to ascertain the time of his death. Preceding accounts of his father mention his being chosen Arabic professor in room of Dr. Wallis, which never was the case. Dr. Hunt was successor to Wallis.'

GAGUIN (ROBERT), a French historian, was born at Colines, near Amiens; and Guicciardini, as Vossius observes, is mistaken in fixing his birth elsewhere. He had his education at Paris, where he took a doctor of laws degree; and the reputation of his abilities and learning became so great, that it advanced him to the favour of Charles VIII. and Louis XII. by whom he was employed in several embassies to England, Germany, and Italy. He was keeper of the royal library, and general of the order of the Trinitarians. He died in 1501, certainly not young; but we are not able to ascertain his age. He was the author of several works; the principal of which is, a History in eleven books, "De gestis Francorum," in folio, from 1200 to 1500. He has been accused of great partiality to his country; and Paul Jovius says, that he has not been very exact in relating the affairs of Italy. Erasmus, however, had a great value for him, as may be seen from one of his letters. Gaguin also translated the Chronicle of abp. Turpin, wrote a bad Roman History, and Epistles and Poems, some of which last are very indelicate."

GAHAGAN (USHER), a very extraordinary character, of great talents, and great vices, was a Roman catholic,

1 Biog. Brit. art. Grabe.

• Moreri.-Foppen Bibl, Belg.-Niceron, vol. XLIII.