the patronage of Bp. Fell) is called the second, as the authors are of a more modern date. 11. A collection of "Latin Prayers," by dean Gale, in MS. was in the possession of Dr. Ducarel. He left in MS. "Origenis Philocalia, variis manuscriptis collata, emendata, & nova versione donata;" "Jamblichus de vita Pythagoræ ;" and "Antonini Itinerarium Britanniæ:" the latter published afterwards by his son, as were his Sermons preached on public occasions in 1704.

Fabricius, in his "Bibliotheca Græca," XIII. 640, has very properly distinguished our author from Theophilus Gale; but with this inaccuracy, that Theophilus is made to be the father of Thomas.'

GALE (ROGER), esq. F. R. and A. SS. eldest son of the preceding, was born in 1672, and was educated under his father at St. Paul's school, whence he was admitted of Trinity-college, Cambridge, 1691, made scholar of that house 1693, and afterwards fellow (being then B. A.) in 1697. He was possessed of a considerable estate at Scruton, in Yorkshire, now in the possession of his grandson Henry Gale, esq. and represented North Allerton, in that county, in 1705, 1707, 1708, and 1710. His name was added to the commissioners of stamp duties, Dec. 20, 1714, and was continued in a subsequent commission, May 4, 1715; and he was appointed a commissioner of excise Dec. 24 of the same year. In this he continued until 1735, when he was wantonly displaced by sir Robert Walpole, for which no other reason was assigned than that sir Robert wanted to provide for one of his friends, an act of arbitrary tyranny which cannot be too severely condemned. Mr. Gale was the first vice-president of the society of antiquaries; and when that learned body, in 1721, proposed to collect accounts of all the ancient coins relative to Great Britain and its dominions, Mr. Gale undertook the Roman series, and his brother Samuel the Danish. Though he was considered as one of the most learned men of his age, he only published the following books:

1. "Antonini Iter Britanniarum Commentariis illustratum Thomæ Gale, S. T. P. nuper Decani Ebor. Opus posthumum revisit, auxit, edidit R. G. Accessit Anonymi Ravennatis Britanniæ Chorographia, cum autographo Regis Galliæ MS, & codice Vaticano collata: adjiciuntur con

1 Biog. Brit.-Knight's Life of Colet, p. 339.-Nichols's Bowyer. VOL. XV.

Q

jecturæ plurimæ, cum nominibus locorum Anglicis, quotquot iis assignari potuerint," Lond. 1709, 4to. In the preface to this book, Mr. Gale very properly points out what parts of it were his father's and what his own. Mr. Gough had, among the books which he bequeathed to the Bodleian library, three copies of this edition, enriched with many valuable MS notes by Mr. Roger Gale, Nicholas. Man, esq. and Dr. Abraham Francke, fellow of Trintycollege, Cambridge, and rector of West Dene in Wiltshire, 1728; and a fourth with MS various readings from the two MSS. whence H. Stephens first printed this Itinerary *. 2. "The Knowledge of Medals, or Instructions for those who apply themselves to the study of Medals both ancient and modern, by F. Jobert," translated from the French, of which two editions were published without his name; one of them in 1697, the other in 1715, 8vo. 3. Registrum Honoris de Richmond," Lond. 1722, folio. His discourse on the four Roman Ways in Britain, is printed in the sixth volume of Leland's Itinerary. His "Remarks on a Roman Inscription found at Lanchester," in the Philosophical Transactions, vol. XXX. p. 823; and in vol. XLIII. p. 265, extracts of two of his letters to Mr. Peter Collinson, F. R. S. concerning "the vegetation of melon seeds 33 years old," and of "a fossil skeleton of a man found at Lathkill-dale near Bakewell, in the county of Derby," dated in 1743 and 1744 +. "Explanation of a Roman altar found at Castle Steeds in Cumberland," in Gent. Mag. vol. XII. p. 135. In Horsley's "Britannia Romana," p. 332, &c. is published, "An Account of a Roman Inscription found at Chichester. By Roger Gale, esq." "Observations on an Inscription at Spello, by Fred. Passarini and Roger Gale, esq." are printed in the Archæologia, vol. II. p. 25. He presented to Mr. Drake's History of York a plate of a beautiful little bronze female bust, which he supposed to be a Lucretia, found at York, and in his possession, engraved by Vertue. To him also Mr. Drake acknowledges himself obliged for a discovery that fixes the building of the Chapter-house at York to arch

* Dr. Stukeley, his brother-in-law, inscribed to him the seventh Iter of his own Itinerarium Curiosum, which he entitles Iter Septimum Antorini Aug.

At a meeting of the Royal Society, March 3, 1731, Mr. R. Gale read a learned discourse concerning the Pas

pyrus and Stylus of the ancients, extracted in English from a larger discourse in Latin, composed by sir Joho Clerk, baron of the Exchequer in Scotland; and at the same time he presented them with the original.

bishop Grey. He died at Scruton, June 25, 1744, in his 72d year, universally esteemed, and much lamented by all his acquaintance; and left all his MSS. by will to Trinity-college, Cambridge, of which he was once fellow, and his cabinet of Roman coins to the public library there, with a complete catalogue of them drawn up by himself, of which Mr. Nichols printed twenty copies in 1780, for the use of particular friends. His correspondence included all the eminent antiquaries of his time; and the late Mr. George Allan of Darlington possessed, by the gift of his grandson, a large collection of letters to and from him, the principal of which are printed in the "Reliquiæ Galeanæ," as a valuable addition to antiquarian literature.. The originals are still in the possession of Henry Gale, esq. The "Bibliotheca Topographica Britannica," No. II. contains many other fragments and notices of the labours, of Mr. Gale. I

GALE (SAMUEL), brother of the preceding, and youngest son of the dean, was born in the parish of St. Faith, near St. Paul's, London, Dec. 17, 1682, was educated under his father at St. Paul's school, and intended for the university, but his elder brother Roger being sent to Cambridge, and his father dying 1702, he was provided for in the custom-house, London, and at the time of his death was one of the land surveyors there. He was one of the revivers of the society of antiquaries in 1717, and their first treasurer. On resigning that office Feb. 21, 1740, the society testified their opinion of his merit and services, by presenting him with a handsome silver cup, value ten guineas, with a suitable inscription. He was a man of great learning and uncommon abilities, and well versed in the antiquities of England, for which he left many valuable collections behind him; but printed nothing in his life-time, except "A History of Winchester Cathedral," London, 1715, begun by Henry earl of Clarendon, and continued to that year, with cuts. A few of his communications have been since printed in the "Archæologia," and some in the "Bibl. Top. Britannica." He died of a fever Jan. 10, 1754, at his lodgings at Hampstead. His library and prints were sold by auction in the same year, by Langford, but his MSS. became the property of Dr. Stukeley, who married bis sister, and some of them afterwards descended to Dr. 1 Nichols's Bowyer.-Reliquiæ Galeanæ in the Bibl. Top. above mentioned.

Ducarel, at whose sale they were purchased by Mr. Gough. A list of them, which may be seen in our authority, sufficiently attests his industry and knowledge as an antiquary.1

GALE (THOMAS), an English surgeon, was born in 1507; and educated under Richard Ferris, afterwards serjeantsurgeon to queen Elizabeth. He was surgeon in the army of king Henry VIII. at Montruil, in 1544; and in that of king Philip at St. Quintin, in 1557, but afterwards settled in London, and became very eminent in the practice of surgery. He was living in 1586. Tanner gives the following list of his writings: "The Institution of a Chirurgeon." "An Enchiridion of Surgery," in four books. "On Gun-shot wounds." "Antidotarie," in two books. All these were printed together, London, 1563, 8vo. "A compendious method of curing præternatural Tumours." "On the several kinds of Ulcers, and their cure." "A Commentary on Guido de Cauliaco." "An Herbal, for the use of surgeons." "A brief declaration of the worthy Art of Medicine, and the office of a Chirurgeon." "An epitome of Galen de Natural. Facultat." The two last were printed with a translation of "Galen de Methodo Medendi." It cannot be supposed that any of these are now of much value, but some of them contain curious information respecting the state of the profession at that time. ?

GALEANO (JOSEPH), a physician of great repute at Palermo; and not for skill and learning in his profession only, but for his taste also, and knowledge of theology, mathematics, poetry, and polite literature in general, was born in 1605. There are several works of his in Italian, upon different maladies; and some also in Latin, particularly "Hippocrates Redivivus paraphrasibus illustratus," published in 1650. We owe to him also a collection of little pieces of the Sicilian poets, entitled "The Sicilian Muse," in five volumes. He died in 1675, greatly regretted; for he was a kind of oracle with his countrymen.

GALEN (CLAUDIUS), after Hippocrates prince of the Greek physicians, was a native of Pergamus in the Lesser Asia, where he was born about A. D. 131, in the reign of the emperor Adrian. His father, whose name was Nicon, was an able architect, and spared neither trouble nor ex

Nichols's Bowyer. Medicine, p. 93.

Tanner's Bibl.-Aikin's Biog. Memoirs of 3 Manget.-Moreri,-Dict. Hist.

pence in the education of his son.

Galen studied with

success all the philosophy of his time, but finally applied himself to medicine as his profession. Satyro and Pelops, two eminent physicians of his time, were his chief preceptors in that science. But his application to the works of Hippocrates contributed more than any other instruction to the eminence he attained.

Having exhausted all the sources of literature that could be found at home, he resolved to travel, in order to improve himself among the most able physicians in all parts; intending at the same time to take every opportunity, which his travels would give him, of inspecting on the spot the plants and drugs of the several countries through which he passed. With this view he went first to Alexandria, where he continued some years, induced by the flourishing state of the arts and sciences in that city. From thence he passed into Cilicia; and, travelling through Palestine, visited the isles of Crete and Cyprus, and other places. Among the rest, he made two voyages to Lemnos, on purpose to view and examine the Lemnian earth, which was spoken of at this time as a considerable medicine. With the same spirit he went into the lower Tyria, to get a thorough insight into the true nature of the Opobalsamum, or balm of Gilead. Having completed his design, he returned home by the way of Alexandria.

He was now only twenty-eight years of age, and had made some considerable advances toward improving his art. He had acquired a particular skill in the wounds of the nerves, and was possessed of a method of treating them never known before; for Galen, as well as all other ancient physicians, united surgery to medicine. The pontiff of Pergamus gave him an opportunity of trying his new method upon the gladiators, and he was so successful that not a single man perished by any wounds. of this kind. He had been four years at Pergamus, exercising his faculty with unrivalled fame, when, being made uneasy by some seditious disturbances, he quitted his country and went to Rome, resolving to settle in that capital. But his views were disappointed. The physicians there, sensible of the danger of such a competitor, found means by degrees so completely to undermine him, that he was obliged, after a few years, to leave the city. He had, however, in that time made several acquaintances,