Kings were once said to have long hands, but now they have long tongues and loud voices. Their will can, in a few minutes, reach the extremities of the empire, and all the powers of administrative government can be instantaneously summoned into action to revive patriotism or to repress crime. The approach of a hostile fleet would now be rung in the ears of the Admiralty before the hulls of the ships had surmounted the convexity of the globe; and the Horse Guards would be roused at midnight before an invading army could quit the beach on which it had disembarked.
The telegraph of planks and spars which formerly puzzled the provincial visitor of the Metropolis, and which had gloriously announced the achievements of the Peninsular war, was erected and maintained at the expense of the nation; but not a single wire of the million which, like a web of gossamer, cover the map of England, has been erected either with its funds or under its patronage. When the Messrs. Bretts Brothers, the original projectors of our Submarine Telegraphs, offered for £20,000 to lay down their wires across the Irish Channel, and to give the free use of them to the State, this boon to Ireland and blessing to England, was peremptorily refused by the Government.
Baffled in this purely British undertaking, these enterprising engineers addressed their next scheme of crossing the English Channel to the French and Belgian Governments. An exclusive privilege was instantly conceded, and the British Government concurred, on the condition of giving nothing, but of taking the use of the submarine cable. The idiosyncrasy of a Chancellor of the Exchequer, whose feelings and intelligence is tied up in his money-bags, may be some excuse for the meanness of the Government of which he is the organ, but no apology can be offered for the heads of successive administrationsthe dispensers of cheap rewards of laurels which they gather for their underlings, and plait for themselves. That the services of Mr. Cooke and Mr. Ricardo, to whom England unquestionably owes the introduction of the Electric Telegraph, and all its blessings, should never have been recognised by any mark of public gratitude, or Royal favour, is one of the facts in the history of England which may speedily excite a more general sympathy.
The nation now sees, and, we fear, will see more of the false consequences of this utter discouragement of theoretical and practical science. The horrors of the Crimean war the tears of the noblest and gentlest of our families-the blood of the bravest of the brave, all cry out for wisdom in our councils, and for science in our fleets and in our camps. It is science which
Science indispensable in the Operations of War.
teaches the gigantic shell to discharge its fatal contents,-which speeds the rocket on its incendiary errand, and which guides It is science which constructs the rifle ball to the seat of life.
and impels our floating bulwarks,-which places its lanterns beside the Scyllas and Charybdises of the deep, and which teaches us to predict and evade the hurricane and the storm. Law, Divinity, and Medicine, professions justly rewarded and honoured by the State, can neither equip armies nor reduce strongholds, nor supply the soldier with the instruments and materials of his art. It is the science of matter and of motion alone, which can create and perfect all the appliances of offensive and defensive war. It is in this department of science that our Enemy, and our Ally, have so signally and so painfully surpassed us; and if England shall ever be compelled again to send her brave legions to a distant battle-field, or even to secure her Island hearths against foreign invasion, she must enlist in her service, and dignify with her honours, the theoretical and practical science of the philosopher and the engineer.*
* We must again recommend to the reader Dr. Lardner's admirable account of the Electric Telegraph, which occupies a large portion of the third and fourth volumes of his Museum of Science and of Art. It is at once popular and scientific, and such as might be expected from a philosopher of his high attainments and extensive information.
TWENTY-SECOND VOLUME OF THE NORTH BRITISH REVIEW.
Ancient and Modern History, the line which
separates, 351.
Aquarium or tank, 54.
Aristocracy, effect of the want of, in France,
302.
Armies of Europe, character of, 327.
Arnold's sermons to the young, 70.
Austria, state of, in 1854, 313.
Bain, Alexander, inventor of electro-chemi-
cal telegraph, 558, 577, 581.
Beckwith, General, his benefactions to the
Waldensians, 393.
Bell, Robert, his Annotated edition of the
poets, 230.
Berkeley's "Minute Philosopher" quoted
on the question of a Knowledge of the
Infinite, 120.
Bert, Amedeo, notice of his work on the
Vaudois, 380.
Braid, Dr., his researches on Hypnotism,
205.
Brown, Bishop, maintains the doctrine that
God is absolutely incognizable, 121.
Byzantine Empire, History of, by George
Finlay, 343-prevalent neglect of Byzan-
tine history, 344-causes of this discre-
ditable neglect, 346-conservative posi-
tion of the empire, 347-the history of
Constantinople the record of a despotic
power, 349-its witness to the unity of
history, 351-works on the subject since
the time of Gibbon, 352-Dr. Cooke
Taylor, 352-Sir James Emerson Ten-
nent, 353-Mr. Finlay's merits as a his-
torian, 353-Three periods of the history,
Eastern Roman, Byzantine, and Greek,
357-absence of nationality in the Eastern
Roman empire, 361-new Grecian na-
tionality, 363-proper limit between the
Roman and Byzantine empire, 365-dis-
tinctive features of the Byzantine period,
367-Russian and Bulgarian aggressions,
368-incursions of the Seljouk Turks,
370-and of the Ottomans, 372-vitality
of the Roman Empire in the East, 373-
the Byzantine Empire a continuation of
the old Roman power, 374.
Calderwood, Henry, his Work on the Phi-
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losophy of the Infinite reviewed. See
Insoluble Problem.
Canada, state of, under the government of
Lord Metcalfe, 169.
Celibacy, extent of, as shewn by Census, 409.
Census, curiosities of, 401-sagacity, eau-
tion, and integrity required in dealing
with figures, 401-increase in the effec-
tive and energetic classes, 405-increased
comforts, 406-progress in education,
occupations of the people, 407--numbers
and relations of the sexes, 408-extent of
celibacy and its probable causes, 409–
progress in the arts of locomotion and
transmission of intelligence, 411.
Chaucer, his place and function in the his-
tory of English verse, 487.
Chrzanowski, (Shanowski,) General, his
estimate of the European armies, 325.
Continent, The, in 1854, 289-political
parties in the educated society of Paris,
290 Orleanist-Fusionists, Legitimists,
291 Legitimist-Fusionists, 293 — Re-
publicans, 293-Parliamentarians, 294-
Despairers, 295-classification as to re-
ligious profession, 297-division of parties
in their opinions of the war, 299_effect
of the war upon Louis Napoleon's fortunes,
301-effects of the want of an aristocracy
in France upon her political condition,
302 and military power, 303-perfect
structure of a French army, 304-politi-
cal state of the provinces in France, 306
-state of Germany, feelings of Hungary
towards Austria, 308_feelings of Prussia
in regard to the war, 310-political state
of Austria, House of Hapsburg, 312-re-
lations between Austria and Hungary,
315-Charles-Albert and the invasion of
Lombardy, 319-effects of equality, 321
--political gain and loss in the Venetian
territories, 321-plans for Italy, 324-
Continental armies, Austrians, Turks, 327
-coherence of Russia, possibility of
breaking it up, 328-reconstruction of
Poland, 330-state of the French army,
length of time required to make a soldier,
333-Greeks and Caucasians, 335-Louis
Napoleon's foreign policy, 338-his de-
fects as an administrator, 339-probable
results of the war, 340.
Cooke, W. F., introduces the Electric Tele-
graph into England, 571-his controversy
with Professor Wheatstone, 573.
Cousin, M., on the Philosophy of the Infi-
nite, 116, et seq.
Cowper, William, Life and Poetry of, 225—
are poetry and steam relished by the same
age? 225 is an age prosaic in which so
much poetry is written and so much read?
228-collected editions of the British
poets, 230-Mr. Robert Bell's annotated
edition, 230-controverted question of
Cowper's malady, 236-his mother's
death, 238-discipline at Dr. Pitman's
school, with its effects, 238-training at
Westminster, 240-effect of dissipation
on his irritable constitution, 241-antici-
pated trial of fitness before the House of
Lords, its effects, 243-damaging effect
of the air of Olney, 245-his connexion
with John Newton, 246-his labours as
a "lay curate," 246-Lady Hesketh comes
to his rescue, 248-removes to Weston,
249-progress of his malady and death,
251-character of his poetry, 253.
Cromwell the Trotector's efforts for the
deliverance of the Vaudois, 377.
Dick Bequest, account of, 63.
Diet and Dress, 505-important place they
occupy in human thought, 505-curious
origin of certain dishes and combinations,
506-origin of bottled beer, 508-com-
ponent parts of breakfast, fish, 510-tea
denounced in House of Commons, 511—
breakfast parties as compared with all
other parties, 511-luncheon, materials
for dinner, 513-advantages of taking
wine with another, 515-fish, white-bait
dinners, 516-John Bull's addiction to
beef-eating, 519-poultry and pastry, 521
-digestive cheese, 522-after- dinner
speech-making, 525-strange banquets,
525-habits and men, the " easy swell,"
527-connexion between buttons and
honesty, 529-the tail-coat and the round
hat, 530-movement against hats, 531-
the beard and moustache, 532-duty of
attention to dress in women, 534-head-
coverings on the back of the neck, 538—
Bloomerism, draggling robes, 540-the
feet and graceful movement, 541-dress
should befit the age and condition of the
wearer, 543.
Dissenters, admission of, into Oxford Uni-
versity, 418, 423, 443.
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houses, 470-the Maine Law, 471-aux-
iliary remedies, taste for reading, 474—
amusements, 476-concerts, excursions,
parks, 477-museums, 481-teetotalism,
482.
Education in Scotland, 57-Sir J. K. Shut-
tleworth's testimony as to its deficiency,
58-nature of the training required for
the Scottish character, 61-account of
the Dick Bequest, 63-difficulties arising
from religious differences, 67-all good
education must be religious, 68-is the
parent or the schoolmaster to be the re-
ligious educator? 69-effect of Arnold's
preaching on his boy-hearers, 70, note—
Mr. Stow's training system, 71-religious
character of masters, 72-pluralities, 75
-retiring provisions, 77-normal train-
ing-schools, 79-necessity for private ex-
ertions without waiting for Government,
82-danger of delay, 83.
Electric telegraph, account of, 545-its bis-
tory, 547-invented by C. M. of Renfrew
in 1753, 548-inventions of Lesage, La-
mond, Betancourt, and Ronalds, 550-vol-
taic electricity, applied by Sommering, 551
-discoveries of Oersted, Ampere, Arago,
Faraday, and Sturgeon, 552-velocity,
power required, position of wires, 554
-M. Siemens' and Dr. O'Shaughnessy's
experiments, 555- Mr. Bain's electro-
chemical telegraph, 558-Bakewell's au-
tographic and Brett's printing telegraph,
561-needle and dial telegraphs, 564-
Professor Morse the inventor of national
telegraphs, 566-M. Steinhill's Bavarian
telegraph, 568-English telegraphs, 570
-controversy between W. F. Cooke and
Professor Wheatstone, 573-Electric Te-
legraph Company, 577-time-balls, sub-
marine telegraphs, 584-Dover to Calais,
Holyhead to Howth, 585-uses in me-
teorology and in railway business, 588.
Electricity, human, 201.
Electro-biology, theory of, 207.
Ellis, John, great merit of his researches
into the nature of corals, 6, 8.
Faber, George Stanley, notice of his History
of the Vallenses, 384.
Finlay, George, see Byzantine Empire.
France, state of parties in, in 1854, 290, see
Continent, the, in 1854.
German inroads on Oxford, 419, 449.
Doran, Dr., notice of his "Table Traits" and Germany, state of, in 1854, 303.
"Habits and Men," 505.
Dreams, theory of, 187.
Drunkenness, how to stop, 455-its fearful
consequences, 456-remedies, early clos-
ing, 459-Sunday closing, 462-no wages
to be paid in public-houses, 465--the
licensing system, 467-licensing of coffee-
VOL. XXII. NO. XLIV.
Gibbon, his character as a historian, 346.
Gilly, Dr., his efforts in behalf of the Wal-
denses, 379.
Gladstone, M., mutilates the Oxford Reform
Bill, 426.
Gosse's works characterized, 2-quoted, 18,
30, 40, 44, 54.
2 P
Hamilton, Sir William, his doctrine that
the Infinite cannot be known, contro-
verted, 117, et seq.-on Oxford Reform,
416, 424.
Halliwell, James Orchard, notice of his
"Reliquiae Antiquae,” 485.
Harvey, Professor, notice of his "Sea-side
Book," 2, 25.
Hastings, Lord, his career in India, 156.
Heywood, Mr., his efforts for admission of
Dissenters into Oxford, 418, 443.
Hol and, Sir Henry, on mental Physiology,
electro-biology, &c, 179-slow progress
of mental science, 180-great value of Sir
H. Holland's researches, 183-influence
of mental attention on bodily organs, 184
-sleep a succession of states, theory of
dreams, 187-dreams in the day, the brain
a double organ, 189-double conscious-
ness, direct and reverse impression, 190
--phenomena exhibited in various states
of the mind, 192-general observations
necessarily suggested by these facts, 197
-conclusion to which we are led by these
facts, the pictures of memory painted on
the retina, 198-human electricity, 201-
mesmerism or animal magnetism, 202-
hypnotism and electro-biology, discove-
ries of Dr. Braid, 205-how the facts are
to be explained, 207-phrenology and
phreno-mesmerism, 209-trance or hu-
man hybernation, Colonel Townshend's
progress of dying, 210-magnetoscope,
odometer, and divining-rod, 212-table-
turning and table-talking, 216-spirit-
rapping and spirit-writing, 217-appari-
tions, second-sight, and presentiment, 219
--coincidences, 220 -epidemic manias,
221-necessity for improved education,
Horsman, Edward, speech of, n Oxford
Reform, 419, 436.
Hungary, treatment of, by Austria, 313.
Hypnotism and Electro-biology, 205.
India, government of, from 1801 to 1837.
See Kaye's Life of Lord Metcalfe.
Infinite, Philosophy of. See Insoluble Pro-
blem.
Insoluble Problem, The, 113-metaphysics
and theology in Scotland, 115-Philoso-
phy of the Infinite, statement of the
tion, 116-opposite conclusions of M.
Cousin and Sir Wm. Hamilton, 116-re-
marks on the question by Mr. Morell,
118-conclusions sought to be established
by Mr. Calderwood, 118-views of Cud-
worth, 120, note-Berkeley and Bishop
Brown, 120-the two impassable roads
out of the darkness, 123 the regions in
which light may be found, 125-how Time
illustrates the insoluble problem, 126—
metaphysical character of Time, 129-
is there divinity in time and space? 130
-the phenomena of Causation, 131-
causation and creation, 132-how they
illustrate the problem, 135-Deity in
causation, 137-nature and limits of theo-
logical knowledge, 139-a science of the-
ology impossible, 141-how theology be-
comes inductive and practical, 143.
Italy, religion in. See Vaudois.
Jamaica, state of, on Metcalfe's appoint-
ment as Governor, 167.
Johnston, Dr., his zoological triumphs,
2, 21, 53.
Kaye's (John William) Life of Lord Met-
calfe, 145-merit of the work, 145-early
life and arrival in India, 146-state of
Hindostan at the time, 147 character
of Lord Wellesley, 148-Metcalfe's
service under him, 149-assistantship at
Delhi, 151-important and successful
mission to Lahore, 152-Residency at
Delhi, 154-his matured opinions on
questions of our Indian policy, 156—re-
sidency at Hyderabad, 158-appointed a
member of the Supreme Council, nature
of that office, 160 his opinions on the
vexed questions of our Indian administra
tion, 162-Provisional Governor-general,
liberator of the Indian Press, 165-re-
turns to England, 166-appointed Gover-
nor of Jamaica, 167-his government of
Canada, 169-reflections suggested by the
career of Lord Metcalfe, necessity of a
civil service, 172-official skill requires
training, 174-Metcalfe's character, 176.
Krasinski, Count, his view of the conse-
quences to Russia of defeat in the present
war, 273-his opinion of the importance
of restoring the Polish nationality, 279.
Landsborough, Dr., his Works on Natural
History noticed, 2.
Lardner, Dionysius, notice of his Museum of
Science and Art, 545.
Latin Christianity. See Milman.
Lombardy, invasion of, in 1848, 319.
Manin, Signor, his opinions on the state of
the Continent, 319, et seq.
Memory, theory of, 198.
Menzies, Professor, review of his Report of
the working of the Dick Bequest, 57.
Mesmerism, or animal magnetism, 202-
Baron Reichenbach's theories, 204.
Metcalfe, (Charles Lord,) Life and Corres-
pondence of. See Kaye.
Milman's History of Latin Christianity, 84
-difficulty of the subject and defects in
the author's plan, 85-the first ages or
birth epoch, 86-Rome of Justin Martyr,
87-Rome in the days of Cyprian's cor-
respondence, 88-birthplace of Latin
Christianity, 89-preponderance of the
Greek element, 90--Roman Christianity
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