The root is very common in Asonesia, particularly as applied to "hair." The k of the prevalent Asonesian bok, wok &c, “hair”, appears to be referable to the aspirate of the Kol form.

kuk

kupe

go ta-ko

Head (e.)

Uraon

Male

Tibet, Tungus.

Gyarung, Naga

The root is common in Ultraindian and Asonesian vocabularies.

The Australian and Tasmanian variety as well the Sanskrit are connected by the vowel with the Koriak. The broad Dravirian form preserves the vowel of the Ugrian, Tibeto-Ultraindian and Ultraindo-Asonesian form of the ultimate root ku, ug &c. ("head"). It appears to be connected with the Caucasian form.

The Tamil mayir and Lesgian maar, which are evidently related, appear to show that the full form preserved the broad vowel which

is found in the more widely prevalent mur, mar &c. (See Head

(c).

(d.)]

The liquid alone in various forms, la, lu, ulu, ra, ruh, ira &c is a common archaic root, N. E. Asian, Scythic, Indo-European, Asonesian.

Hair (d.)

ventruka

Telugu

Uraon

choti

Sindhi

The root is common chu, su &c.

ub

up

pu

mui

upat

opta

up, ip

bo, mo pipe

Hair (f.)

*

Comp. oluwa "head", Singhal. lobu "forehead Sclavonic and the common Sclavonic term for "head" golowa, glawa &c, Latin Fin, lob "forehead", Calva, Celtic gal. The guttural is probably the common Asiatic go, ka &c, "head," and go-lowa may be a compound of this root and loba or lowa, in which the root is the widely spread lu, ulu, olo &c, and ba, wa the common Ugrian postfix. But the root may be golo (Ugr. u- gol).

The ultimate root is the same as bu, pu &c, "head," and the Kol ub may be merely a variation of bu [See Head (d)].

With reference to the vocables given under Head c and d and Hair f, it should be remarked that the forms in mt, ms, bs, &c. are more commonly used for face, and eye than for head. The labial root by itself and with the same range of finals -t, -d, -n, -r, -l, -th, -s, -k, -g, is also applied to Face, Cheek, Mouth, Lip, Nose and Ear. Examples of the simple labial root,-Head, pa, awa Ugrian, ap Egypt, bu Kol, phu Mikir; Hair, bo, mo Chin., up, ip Ugrian, pu Tib. &c., ub, up Kol; Cheek, ma Anam, pa Burm., fi-fi Malag. (pi-pi, pa-pa &c., Ason.); Mouth, af Tigre, ma Shangalla, va-va Malag. (fa-fa, vi-vi &c. Ason.); Lip, mui Anam (bi-bi, wi-wi, &c. Ason.); Nose, pi, phi &c. Chin, pui, pue Sam., uf Galla, mu Besisi; Ear, mi-mi Japan; Eye, mey Japan, ma' Chin., wa Dalla, me Tounghlu, mhe Bongju, mi Singfu.

For Face Chinese has mien, min, men, bin, ben, (comp. Head, Turkish benys, Ost. wanim, Singfu man, Hind. munh, Ugr. Celt. Eusk. pen, Hind. Beng &c. mun, mud, mur; Hair, min Chepang; Cheek ping Milchanang, mingmo Abor, minong Hailam, pinga Kayan, ping ping Iloko, weng, Kissa, fi-fi Malag., pipi Indon.; Mouth, mieng Anam, minoe Nicobar; Lip, bir Japan, pin-yaing Yenis., minu Nicob. &c.); Fin muoto, Japan omote, Ugr. wonda, Kashm. buth, Anam mat, Pol. mata (comp. Head mata, muda, &c. &c. common; Mouth, mhutu, musu, mocha &c. ; Nose, mondu Turk., munta Ho); Turkish bit, pit, mes &c., Simang mid, Anam mat, Celtic wis &c., Eusk. bisaja, (comp. Nose pi' &c. Chin., pit Torres St., petyni Aino; Lip pite Sam., mit Torres St., pedivi Telinga; Head bash, pus &c. Turk., api Maram; Hairobit, upat Ugr. ipt, apt, opt Sam., mas Arm. &c.); Dravirian mukhu, muka, mokam &c. Indon.muka (comp. Cheek bucca, baga, bhog &c.; Mouth mukya Pali, mocha Kol, bocca, foco, bouche &c. Indo-Eur., pak Siam; Nose, muku Drav., muk Simang, bokan Woloff,; Lip, meka Bongju, amga Tungus., makub Tib.; Head, abak Pont. wokbok N. Aust. ; Hair bok &c. Ultraindo-Ason).

For Mouth Scythic has aman, amun-yak, Indo-Eur. mund, munt, mouth, mutte, munnur, &c.; Kol mocha, Sindhi wat, Kambojan

mat; muru Limbu, wullao Gond, mur Manipuri D., mamun Kapwi, mieng Anam, abong Lepcha, pan Mon, ban Simang, peng Besisi, bango Lamp., Komr., abana Sumba, manga, mangai Pol. ; mothong Chepang, mhutu Newar, mathu Maram; Asonesian, motong Meri, montong Banj. The labio-guttural form is also Seythic-amga, Tung.; Indo-Eur.,-Sanskrit, mukh, mukya, Bengali bak-tra, Latin faux (faucis), "the jaws," bucca " the hollow part of the cheek", Span. foco, Port. bocca, Fr. bouche; and Ultraindian,-pak Khamti, pak-obu Kar., m'kha Kyau, awkang Silong. The Malagasy mulu, muluts, mulu-buru &c. (and Asonesian mulut) may either have the labial root or the liquid. In the latter case it is probably a derivative from the Zimbian mlumu, umlumo, mulumo &c. The I root is Scythie ul, lu! &c. The Zimbian lumu resembles the Asonesian lawe, lama lida, Kumi Ibaung, Limbu leba, Abor nepang, Sansk. lapanam. The same root is used for Lip,-Galla luf-luf, Kosah lebi, Hind. lab, Lat. labium, labrum, Germ. lippe, Eng. lip &c. The ultimate labial root is used for Mouth in Scythic,-am, im, um, &c. Ugr., ama Mong. ; Semitico-Libyan,-ma Shangalla, afa Dankali, af Tigre, of Saumali; Ultraindian,-ba Kayan. The duplicated labial root is common, -mefo Samoiede, momo Suahe li, vava, vave, Malagasy (in Asonesia fafa, baba, bibi, vivi, bafa, wuwa, buwah, bua &c. &c.) The Dravirian bayi, vaya, bai, appears to be connected with the Ugrian radical forms.

Most of the other preceding terms are also applied to Lip, Cheek, Nose, Eye in different vocabularies. Thus for Lip Scythic has amun, mon, emga, amga, pite; Dravirian pedivi, E: ub mit, Anam, mui, Japan bir, Indonesian bibir, hibi, wiwi &c., Australian mundu, mudol, wiling, Malagasy mulutu &c., Nicobar minu, manoey; and for Cheek, Malagasy has fi-fi (Asones. pipi, papa &c.); Burman pa, Anam ma, Latin bucca, Galla boko, Kaili baga, Erub bag, Latin mala, Indones pili, plis, paling, banga, bangi, pingi &c. For Nose phi, piti, pit &c. and mu, mui, buru, muru mondu, murb, muku &c. are common. The Chinese phi, pi, &c. corresponds with the Samoiede pite lip, Aino petyni nose, and the Torres St. pite, piti, pichi nose, and mit lip. The Samoiede pui, pue, puiya, piya &c. corresponds with the Anam mui, Nancowry moi, nose. The whole series is reproduced in the vocabulary for Eye, 1,