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Fourth,-3 Tungusian terms, probably archaic Scythic. Fifth,archaic Scythic or Upper Asian. These vocables amount to 29 or 30, without reckoning those Scythic words which are Tungusian or archaic Chinese, which would give 5 more. According as we include or exclude the latter the percentage will be 37 or 44, in the last case about double that of the apparently peculiar Bhotian vocables.

COMPARATIVE VOCABULARY OF BHOTIAN.

a. Chinese.

4 Bird,-Spoken dialect chya. (Sunwar chiva), Chin. chio &c. 6. Boat:-Spoken, syen; Naga ihseng, Ch. ch'hiang. 13. Dog-khyi; (com. Tibeto-Ult.); Ch. khiau (Burm. chhang, shen). 17. Elephant :-glang-chen, Ch. chhiang. 20. Fire.me, mi, ma; Ch. we. 18. Eye:-mig, mik; Ch. mok. 23. Foot:-kang; Ch. kha. 25. Hair:-pu; Ch. bo (Fin has up, but as there are two other Tibetan synonyms for "hair," kra and ta, pu is probably Chir.ese). 33. Leaf.-s. hyo; Ch. hio. 39. Mountain;-ri; Ch. lia; Tungus. alin (allied forms in Mong. and Fin) (a). 40. Mouth :-kha; Ch. khau. 47. Road :-lam, lan; (Newar lon, Sunwar la) Ch. lu, lau. 49. Skin :-pag (b); Ch. phi, phue. 57. Tree:-jon-shing; Ch. shi, chang &c. (also Kamsch., Yenis., Sam., Cauc.) 59. Water: chhu; Ch. chui, shui &c., (Sam., Ugr., Tatar, Afr.)

b. Turkish.

30. Horse:-ta; T. at. 34. Light:-hod; T. syod. 39. Mountain:-West Tib. dak; T. tak, Japan dake. 43. Night: -tshan, chen; T. achsham, Mong. suni; allied forms in Semitic, Malagasy &c. 46. River:-tsang, chang; T. usun, sug; Mong. chun, usun &c. Ugr. jugan, Pashtu sean, sin, sint.

c. Tungusian.

10. Cow-s. pha chuk; Tung. chyukun. 12. Day :-nyin; T. ininy, manyi. 54. Sun :-nyi (See " Day").

d. Ugro-Kurilian.

1. Air:-lung. The Ugro-Scythic forms of this root when used for "air" are slender, but the Ugrian lun" day" preserves the

(a) Takpa ri, Horpa ri-rhap.

(b) Takpa phayekhi.

full Tibetan form. 5. Blood:-khrag; Ugr. wuorak; Saumali, Galla dik, diga (the root is also current as water.) 7. Bone:rus-pa, ru-ko, lu, lu-k, lush-am, lush-yn, by Ugro-Fin, luy, by Sam. Semitic alam, alat, Pashtu lu, ro, ra, re, alukei, Drav. yelu, &c, Lesgian. 10. Cow-lang; Fin lehmu; Cauc. al; Galla, Amh. lam &c. 14. Ear :-na; Cauc., en, in (Face, Mouth, Nose &c in Scythic). 15. Earth :-sa; Sam. -ja; Zend sa; Horpa zi-p, Gyarung se', Ch. ti, Jap. zi, tsi. 19. Father-pha; Sam. &c &c (com.) 20. [Fire:-ma, me; Aino abe, Chin. we; (Jap., Ugr., Tumali, Malagasy &c have allied forms.)] 21. Fish;-nga, nya; the guttural form ka of Naga, Anam, Mon &c appears to connect the root with the Fin kal, Sam. kual. [24. Goat:-ra; Semitico-African aron, illa &c.] 25. Hair :-kra: Fin karw; Aino karnu. 25. [Hair :-pu; Fin up, Ch. bo]. 25. Hair :-ta ; Fin ata. 26. Hand:-lag; Ost. lagal Turk. ilik. 27. Head,go; Ostiak og. [28 Hog:-phag; Iranian, Drav.] 33. Leap; -loma; Fin lopa. 35. Man:-mi; Fin mis; Galla mi; Zend memio. 37. Moon: - la, da; Koria oru, Chuk. iraluk, Sam. iri. 38. Mother:-ama; Yukahiri, Yenis. Fin, Samoide and common in other alliances. 40. [Mouth:-kha; Ch. khau, Yenis. ko, gou, khan, Sam. ake &c Semitic kho] 48. Salt:-tsha, chha; Ugr. sow, sal &c, Sam. si, sir, sak &c (also Iran., Semit., Afr.) 50. Sky:-nam; Sam. nom, num, nob. (Ugr., Semit. Kashm.) 52. Star:-kar; Korea kurome, Koriak agor, (Iran., Afr.) 53. Stone:-do; Korea tu; Ost. to. [55. Tiger:-tag, tak; Iran. tigris &c] 56. Tooth:-so; Japan cha, ha. In UgroFin the sibilant root is Head, Eye, Hair, Mouth, Ear. The Bhotian so is closest to the Fin su Mouth (Chinese sui &c). The root is Tooth in Caucaso-Semitic and African vocabularies dsa &c Circ., sila, zul-we, sol-wol &c Lesg., sin, sin-on, &c. Semitic (sil, zin is Eye in Scythic, sun Mouth, shun Ear &c.)

NOTICES OF SINGAPORE.*

1819.

Sir Stamford Raffles on arriving at Pinang in March, on his way to Acheen, sent down building materials, tools, chankols,

&c., to the value of...

Provisions, ghee, biscuits, bullocks, &c....

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29th May. The Revd Mr Milne, of the Anglo-Chinese College, Malacca, applied for ground to build on.

The Revd Mr Milton, the first missionary sent out by the London Missionary Society, established a school for Chinese and Malay children. Sir Stamford Raffles gave him 150 dollars, in consideration of his performing the usual services, &c.

In laying out the town, six building lots were reserved by Raffles-1 for Carnegy & Co., 1 for F. Ferrao, 1 for T. Macquoid, 1 for Captain Flint, and 2 to be disposed of by Raffles himself. 12 lots along the North Beach were only to be sold to Europeans. 6 were disposed of as above, and the other 6 were to be sold on application.

4th June. The Rajah of Tapamana writes to the Sultan of Johore, that the Rajah Mudah of Rhio has gone over to the Dutch, and is against his countrymen. The Rajah asks the Sultan to join forces and drive the Rajah Mudah and the Dutch out of the place, and to instal a new Rajah Mudah, and to be careful above all things not to let him levy heavy duties.

16th June. The Resident (Farquhar) writes to request that some arrangements may be made at Singapore, as otherwise in the event of anything occurring to him, the settlement would be left in charge of Mr Montgomerie, a very young Assistant Surgeon.

June. Mr Garling, of the Bencoolen Establishment, was sent on a mission to Pahang. He was directed to return, and Mr D. Napier, who was then expecting an appointment as writer in the Bencoolen service, was directed to be sent to Pahang as Resident.

The following additional notices regarding the early history of Singapore, will be found to contain much curious information not included in the notes previously given.

On the 6th of July, Captain Maxfield, in a letter to the Resident, pointed out the existence of a good harbour between Point Romania and the Island.

August.-An invoice of civil stores, amounting to dollars 42,963, was sent from Bencoolen. Many of the articles are stated to stand in the books at rates far beyond their value, and the Resident is instructed if possible to sell them for prime cost and charges, if not they can be reduced to the level of prices at Pinang and Batavia.

Mr Dunn, a Gardener, arrived with letters of recommendation from Raffles, and with a supply of spice plants, which were planted out on the Government Hill.

2nd September.-Teluk Blanga (New Harbour), is first noticed as a secure harbour.

2nd November.-The Resident proposes to appoint an officer to act as Registrar of the Court of Justice.

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2nd November.-The Resident (Farquhar) proposed to put restrictions on the sale of opium and spirits and on the practice of gaming, to sell the exclusive rights and to apply the proceeds, to the Sultan, to the Tumongong, to Government, the latter to pay Police, allowances to the Captains of Tribes, &c.

A Bugis prince was summarily put to death by the Dutch at Rhio for alleged treason. His brother Balana rebelled and when finally driven out of Rhio took refuge in Singapore with 500 of his followers. The Malacca authorities demanded the person of the prince, but the demand was rejected by the Resident (Farquhar). Refusal approved of by the Supreme Government.

A letter from the Supreme Government, dated 15th October, contains the following directions regarding the Government Estabishments :—

The Resident's salary to remain as fixed, but his successor to be Commandant, with Staff pay for civil duties.

Assistant to the Resident to be discontinued. Store-keeper and Master Attendant to be united on 150 dollars salary.

The Resident to take charge of Pay Office.

Mr Read, of the Bencoolen Service, may stay till required at Bencoolen.

Resident's Establishment pay 130 dollars.

1

Master Attendant 110 dollars.

A subsequent letter, dated 11th January 1820, directs the Resident to take the Police and Magistrate's duties; and remarks that Singapore is to be considered rather as a military post than as a fixed settlement, that artificial encouragement is not to be given to the immigration of natives, that if many people settle a magistracy may be formed if necessary, and moderate import dues fixed, taking care to prevent shackles to trade. Commerce, which forms chief object of eastern settlements, not to be lost sight of in local revenue, but if a revenue can be had then it ought to be levied.

No. 1.

From the Tumongong Abdulrahman, residing at Singapore. To the Iang De Per Tuan Mudah of Rhio. (Tuanku Jaffar, the Rajah Mudah).

After compliments,

Your son informs his father that a party of English, having at their head Mr Raffles and the Resident of Malacca, arrived at Singapore; the latter went on to Rhio, the former remaining. Their coming was quite without your son's knowledge, and it is by compulsion only that he has been necessitated to admit them to reside at Singapore, for he could not prevent their landing their men and stores, and proceeding to establish themselves, by constructing quarters, as they consulted their own inclinations only. At this time your son Tuanku Long* arrived from Rhio, having been surprized by the reports of the arrival of so many vessels and ships at Singapore. As soon as he landed he met Mr Raffles, the latter forcibly laid hold of him, and declared him Rajah, giving him the title of Sultan Hussain, and confirming the same by a written instrument (chop). Your son was thus compelled to a compliance with all their wishes.

No. 2.

From the Lang De Per Tuan of Singapore (Hussain). To the Iang De Per Tuan Besar, Sultan of Lingin (Abdulrahman). Your elder brother informs his younger brother that, by the dispensation of Almighty God towards his slave, things have turned out entirely beyond his previous conception. Abang

• Otherwise called Hussain.

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