17 miles wide, that lies between the mainland and Santa Catalina Island.

Portuguese Bend, a small, unimportant bight, lies 214 miles eastward from Point Vicente. It is used chiefly by fishermen, and a boat landing can be made at times.

Between Point Fermin and Point Vicente the coast is free from outlying dangers and is well marked by kelp.

Point Vicente is a steep rocky cliff, 120 feet (37 m) high, white and red, with the red predominating. A low, black rock, awash, lies 250 yards southwestward from the point, with kelp extending 100 yards farther. A small, black, pyramidal rock, 25 feet (7.6 m) high, lies 13 mile eastward from Point Vicente, close inshore.

Point Vicente Lighthouse.-There is established on Point Vicente a light (flashing white twice every 20 seconds), 185 feet (56 m) above high water on a white cylindrical tower 67 feet (20.4 m) high. The fog signal is a chime whistle operated by compressed air (blast 1 second, silent 2 seconds, blast 4 seconds, silent 53 seconds). The Coast Guard maintains a radio station near the light.

Measured mile.-A measured mile standardization course has been established at Point Vicente. The ranges are marked by beacons on shore which bear 34°39′ true (N. by E. % E. mag.)

when in line.

SAN PEDRO BAY AND LOS ANGELES HARBOR (CHARTS

5143, 5146, 5147)

The portion of San Pedro Bay lying just eastward of Point Fermin, which formerly afforded good shelter only in northerly or westerly winds, has been converted into a safe harbor in all weathers by the construction of a breakwater which extends in an easterly direction from the eastern end of Point Fermin for a distance of 1,900 yards, thence in a northeasterly direction a farther distance of 1,800 yards. The outer end of this breakwater is marked by Los Ángeles Harbor Lighthouse, a white cylindrical tower. The light is flashing green, 73 feet (22.2 m) above the water and visible 14 miles; the fog signal is a two-tone air diaphone (blast 2 seconds, silent 2 seconds, blast 2 seconds, silent 24 seconds).

A radiobeacon has been established at the Los Angeles Harbor Light. See Light List, Pacific coast, for characteristics.

A detached breakwater, project length 12,500 feet, in prolongation easterly of the line of the present breakwater, is now (1934) under construction. At the eastern end 1,400 feet is now above water and an additional 4,000 feet is under contract to be completed within 2 years. The section under construction is marked by lighted buoys.

There is a fixed green light and fog siren on the southeast corner of Pier 1 which is on the western side of the entrance to main channel and a fog bell is on the southwest corner of that pier.

The sheltered area inside this breakwater is known as the outer harbor, and a depth of 35 feet (10.7 m) at mean lower low water is maintained over a considerable area off the entrance to the dredged channel leading to the inner harbor. Several naval mooring buoys are set in the southwestern part of the outer harbor.

Channels.-The entrance channel, dredged to 35 feet (10.7 m) at mean lower low water, is 1,000 feet wide to the turning basin, which is 1,600 feet in diameter. The east basin channel, from the turning basin for a distance of 1,150 yards, has a depth of 35 feet (10.7 m) at mean lower low water and a width of 650 feet. The Cerritos Channel, connecting Los Angeles Harbor with Long Beach Harbor, is dredged to 35 feet (10.7 m) at mean lower low water over a width of 400 feet. This channel is crossed by the Badger Avenue Bridge, a double-leaf bascule bridge for railway and highway traffic; horizontal clearance, 180 feet; vertical clearance above mean high water when closed, 8.9 feet. The channel leading to the west basin, controlling depth 30 feet (9.1 m) at mean lower low water, is crossed by a bascule railway bridge; horizontal clearance, 148.5 feet; vertical clearance above mean high water when closed, 4.9 feet. Power lines across Ceritus Channel near its eastern end have a minimum clearance of 200 feet at mean lower low water. Bridge regulations. Operation of the above bridges for passage of vessels is governed by the following extract from the rules and regulations of the War Department:

2. If the weather conditions are good and sound signals can be heard when a vessel approaches a drawbridge and desires to pass through the draw— (a) The person in charge of such vessel desiring to pass shall cause to be sounded, within reasonable hearing distance of the bridge, repeating if necessary, and in time to give due notice to its operator, three long distinct blasts of a whistle, horn, or megaphone, or three loud and distinct strokes of a bell. (b) When the draw of the bridge can be opened immediately, the draw tender shall reply by two long blasts followed by one short distinct blast of a whistle, horn, or megaphone, or by three loud and distinct strokes of a bell. (c) When the draw of a bridge cannot be opened immediately, the draw tender shall reply by two long distinct blasts of a whistle, horn or megaphone or two distinct strokes of a bell. (This signal may be used by a vessel to countermand its signal to open draw.)

(d) When after a delay, as in 2 (c) the draw of the bridge can be opened and the vessel still desires to pass, the draw tender shall give the signal prescribed in 2 (b) above, viz., two long blasts followed by one short distinct blast of a whistle, horn or megaphone, or three loud and distinct strokes of a bell.

3. When weather conditions prevent hearing sound signals—

(a) The person in charge of a vessel desiring to pass shall swing a white lighted lantern or white flag, the former by night, the latter by day; the persons signaling to face the drawbridge and swing the lantern or flag in front of him at arm's length, in vertical circles.

(b) When the draw of the bridge can be opened immediately, the draw tender shall reply by raising and lowering a white lighted lantern or a white flag, the former by night, the latter by day, the movement to be vertical.

(c) When the draw of the bridge cannot be opened immediately, the draw tender shall reply by swinging a red lighted lantern or red flag, the former by night, the latter by day; the person signaling to face the vessel and swing the lantern or flag in front of him at arm's length, in vertical circles. (This signal may also be used by a vessel to countermand its signal to open the draw.)

(d) When, after a delay, as in 3 (c) the draw of the bridge can be opened and the vessel still desires to pass, the draw tender shall give the signal described in 3 (b) above, viz., raising or lowering a lighted lantern or flag.

4. When fog prevails by day or by night the draw tender on giving signal (2 (b), 3 (b), or 3 (d) above) that draw will be opened, shall toll a bell continuously during the approach and passage of the vessel.

5. The draw shall be opened with the least possible delay, upon receiivng the prescribed signal: Provided, That the draw span shall not be opened when a train is approaching so closely that it cannot safely be stopped before

reaching the bridge, or when a passenger or mail train is approaching within sight or hearing of the operator of the draw span.

6. Trains, wagons, and other vehicles shall not be stopped on a drawbridge for the purpose of delaying its opening, nor shall water craft or vessels be so manipulated as to hinder or delay the operation of a draw span, but all passage over, through, or under a drawbridge shall be prompt, to prevent delay to either land or water traffic.

7. Tugboats, launches, barges, and

other small and low craft shall lower their poles or masts whenever by so doing they can pass under the bridge, and the bridge shall not be required to open for such boats, launches, barges. or other small or low craft.

San Pedro and Wilmington are now included within the limits of the city of Los Angeles, and are the port for the city proper. They have extensive traffic, both foreign and coastwise, with ample facilities for the largest vessels on the Pacific, and provision is being made to take care of extensive future increases in traffic.

Terminal (formerly Rattlesnake) Island separates Los Angeles inner harbor from San Pedro Bay. The western end of the island has been extensively improved, and East San Pedro, opposite San Pedro, handles a considerable amount of the freight passing through the port. Allen Field Airport is at East San Pedro.

Landmarks.-There are several prominent objects shown on the chart that may be of use to the navigator. A few of those most easily distinguished are listed below:

A black cylindrical tank bearing a large neon sign, "Ford", stands on top of a large building near the Cerritos Channel bridge. A large gray tank of the East San Pedro water works is located on Terminal Island 1 mile north of Fish Harbor. There is a tall concrete stack south of Fort McArthur, Lower Reservation. A large stack of the Hammond Lumber Company is near berth 225, inner harbor. See Long Beach for additional landmarks.

Fish Harbor, on the south side of Terminal Island, near its western end, has been formed by dredging and by the construction of a protecting breakwater. A 20-foot (6.1 m) channel, at mean lower low water, has been dredged from the outer harbor to and along the sea wall along the north side of the harbor. This sea wall is lined with canneries and other fish works. This harbor is intended for the use of fishing craft, and each side of the entrance is marked by a light. A new breakwater southeastward of the old one was completed in 1933. This encloses an additional area for the use of fishing craft with drafts up to 12 feet (3.7 m). It is known as Fish Harbor Extension. There is a flashing red light just off the outer end of the new breakwater.

Caution. A small rocky patch with a least depth of 15 feet (4.6 m) at mean lower low water, lies 280 yards, 215° true (S. by W. 34 W. mag.) from the extreme southern point of Watchorn Basin. The obstruction is in line with the outside face of this terminal. About 100 yards to the northward of this spot is another small rocky patch with a least depth of 14 feet (4.3 m).

There are rocky spots of 19 and 18 feet (5.8 and 5.5 m), respectively, 100 yards southward and 150 yards southwestward from the 15-foot (4.6 m) spot. Caution should be exercised by vessels anchoring near this area.

Inner harbor light and fog signal is located near the pilot lookout station at the southeast corner of Pier No. 1. The light is

fixed green, and the fog signal is a siren sounding a blast every 30 seconds, blast 3 seconds in duration.

Anchorage may be had anywhere in the outer harbor except in areas within 1,000 feet of the established pierhead lines, however, the southwest part of the outer harbor is largely taken up by naval moorings. Anchoring or mooring in any channel of the harbor is prohibited unless the vessel be securely moored both fore and aft. Anchoring or mooring in the turning basin is forbidden under all circumstances.

There are 200 acres of anchorage grounds between the 30-foot (9.1 m) contour and the breakwater, and 300 acres of additional anchorage between the 20- and 30-foot (6.1 and 9.1 m) contour. The completion of the new detached breakwater, now (1934) under construction, will greatly add to the anchorage area. For details concerning anchorages see harbor rules and regulations following. The "Santa Ana" (see page 54) a local and exceptional wind from the northeastward, attaining at times a velocity in excess of 60 miles per hour, is the only wind dangerous to vessels anchored inside the breakwater. If not provided with adequate ground tackle and sufficient swinging room for a long scope of chain, a vessel is liable to drag anchor.

Yacht and small craft anchorages.-The area westward of the ship channel adjacent to Watchorn Basin is used as a yacht anchorage. There are many mooring buoys in this vicinity. The northern part of West Basin, the northern extremity of East Basin, and the shoaler portions of it are also used by pleasure craft.

HARBOR FACILITIES

Pilots.-Pilots are usually employed by strangers in entering the inner harbor. Vessels are met outside and, if waiting for a pilot, anchor inside the breakwater. The pilot boat flies the Union Jack. The pilots are in the employ of the city of Los Angeles. A pilot station is maintained at the outer end of Pier 1. The signal for calling a pilot is one long and one short blast of the whistle. The following rates, rules, and regulations covering pilotage for the Port of Los Angeles are quoted:

Pilotage is the charge assessed against a vessel which is piloted in or out, or from point to point within, the Port of Los Angeles.

All vessels under 300 gross registered tons and all vessels under enrollment and licensed and engaged in the coastwise, intercoastal, or fishing trades between the port of Los Angeles and any other port of the United States, while under the control and direction of a pilot duly licensed under Federal law, shall, when entering or leaving, or moving from point to point within the port of Los Angeles, be exempt from all pilotage charges, unless a municipal pilot be actually employed, and any vessel moving from any point in Los Angeles Harbor to any point in Long Beach Harbor may be piloted by a municipal pilot of the city of Long Beach without the payment of any pilotage charges herein fixed. All other vessels entering or leaving, or moving from point to point within the port of Los Angeles shall be liable for and shall pay to the city of Los Angeles the pilotage charges herein fixed, and must be piloted by a municipal pilot, except that such vessel may be piloted by the bona fide master thereof if such master holds a Federal pilot's license for the port of Los Angeles. Vessels moving to or from points within the port of Los Angeles and Long Beach Harbor via Cerritos Channel, and vessels moving from points within the port of Los Angeles and the open sea for the purpose of pumping bilge or ballast and returning to points within the port of Los Angeles shall, for the purpose of applying the pilotage rules and charges estab

lished in this tariff, be considered the same as vessels moving from point to point within the port of Los Angeles.

Full pilotage rate shall be of a cent per gross registered ton, (1) upon entering the port of Los Angeles, (2) upon leaving the port of Los Angeles, with a minimum charge of $10 and a maximum charge of $108 for each movement.

One-half of the full pilotage rate shall be charged a vessel, subject to the payment of pilotage charges—

(a) Which shall enter the port of Los Angeles solely for the purpose of anchoring, reporting, or receiving orders, or taking on water, fuel (not exceeding 25,000 barrels), stores, or other supplies for use only on such vessel and not intended for transfer to and use on, or transferred to and used on, any other vessel, providing such vessel does not discharge or take on any cargo or passengers; or

(b) Which shall enter or leave the port of Los Angeles under United States of America register, and under the direction and control of the master of such vessel who holds a Federal pilot's license for the port of Los Angeles, unless a municipal pilot be actually employed: (1) Upon entering the port of Los Angeles, (2) upon leaving the port of Los Angeles.

The pilotage charge for moving a vessel from one point to another point within the port of Los Angeles shall be fo of 1 cent per gross registered ton, with a minimum charge of $10 for each movement.

Towboats.-There are towboats available for any kind of towing. Large vessels navigating the main channel usually have a towboat in attendance while berthing.

'Quarantine. Quarantine for the port of Los Angeles is enforced in accordance with the regulations of the United States Public Health Service. The quarantine station is located on the west channel of the outer harbor, but a new station is now (1934) under construction on Reservation Point on the east side of the entrance to the main channel. There is no prescribed quarantine anchorage. Vessels undergoing quarantine usually anchor in the outer harbor, where they are boarded while at anchor by the doctor. Vessels are advised to anchor close in to avoid delay. While the hours for inspection are between sunrise and sunset, special arrangements may be made for such service up to 8 p.m.

Marine hospital.-There is a relief station of the United States Public Health Service at 111 West Seventh Street, San Pedro. Customs. The customhouse is in the Federal Building at the corner of Seventh and Beacon Streets.

Immigration.-The United States immigration station for the port of Los Angeles is located at berth no. 72, on the west side of the main channel at the foot of Twenty-second Street, San Pedro.

A United States branch hydrographic office is located in the Cabrillo Theater Building, 111 West Seventh Street, San Pedro. Bulletins are posted here giving information of value to mariners, who are also enabled to avail themselves of publications pertaining to navigation and to correct their charts from standards. No charge is made for this service.

Steamboat Inspection Service. The office of the local inspector embracing the district from San Diego to Santa Barbara is located in San Pedro.

Supplies.-Fuel oil, water, provisions, and ship chandlery can be had in any quantity. Fuel oil may be had from the oil docks or by barge service. While but few coal-burning vessels now make the port of Los Angeles, arrangements can be made for bunkering in the outer harbor.