by their deeds, and appreciates their civil virtues, and
holds them in respect and veneration. But it also knows
that they are very few, and that they were cunningly
surprised into the sect by intriguing and shameless men,
who to canonize their measures abused the confidence,
good faith, and honor of these respectable men, whose
names the country will remember with pleasure.
"The congress does not err in saying, that the aspiring
members of the York, count in their ranks the Iturbi
dists."

by a proper use of them, attain the noble prize for which
we have been so long contending the establishment of
peace, liberty and independence.
I have the honor to be, with very great regard and es-
teem, your excellency's most obedient and humble ser-
vant,
GEO: WASHINGTON.
His excellency Thomas M'Kean, esquire,
President of congress.

Dobb's Ferry, August 17, 1781. SIR: I have received, and do sincerely thank you for, the several articles of important intelligence contained in your letter of the 12th. The continuation of such confidential communications will be highly pleasing to me, and may be exceedingly beneficial, considered in a public point of view, as circumstances, well authenticated, should influence measures as certainly as causes produce effects.

Mr. Morris, who will do me the honor to hand this letter to you, can inform you of our situation, our prospects and designs so much better than I can in the compass of a letter, that I shall do no more at this time than assure you, that, with the greatest esteem and respect, I am, sir, your most obedient and obliged servant, GEO: WASHINGTON.

The mischiefs of secret societies are depicted in very glowing colors; and this country is repeatedly alluded to in a manner as rude as it is unjust. "Observing," says the manifesto, "that it is the interest of a certa n nation (meaning the U. States] that Mexico should shelter in her bosom those traitorous vipers that are even now rending her vitals without pity, and the discredit into which we are about to fall in the estimation of the cultivated nations of Europe-a discredit occasioned by the revolutionary movements, and general discontent, produced by rites as torturous as they are criminal and ridiculous-the congress saw itself under the indispensable necessity of issuing a decree of state, in which it prohibited all secret associations, of every rite and denomination. But at the moment when it adopted a measure so provident and just, and displayed its energy, deereeing heavy penalties upon the refractory, it remembered that the masons are Camp, before York, October 6, 1781. men, subject like other men to passion; and that, if it SIR: I feel myself peculiarly obliged and honored by should oblige them to secede from their lodges, your excellency's communication of the 26th ultimo. it would compromit the delicacy of some, and leave That America must place her principal dependence on others exposed to the ridicule of their companions; it had, her own exertions, I have always foreseen, and have therefore, the prudent consideration to concede to them ever endeavored to inculcate; ad I flatter myself that two months' indulgence, during which they might quiet- from the wise system of policy which has of late been ly, and unostentatiously, break their mysterious rela-adopted, and which congress seem determined to purtions with those hot beds of revolution and anarchy."

LETTERS OF WASHINGTON. Every line from general WASHINGTON, especially during the revolutionary war, must be read with interest by the American people. A highly respectable friend has favored us with the following original letters from the Father of his country to the late governor M'KEAN, while hat able and distinguished patriot was the president of The old continental congress. We publish them with pleasure, and are promised others from the same source, From time to time. [Aurora.

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sue, our internal measures will be so improved and applied, that with the assistance of our most generous of allies, though not operating immediately with us, hereafter we shall be enabled to bring matters to a happy and glorious conclusion.

I am not apt to be sanguine, but I think, in all human probability, Lord Cornwallis must fall into our hands. The smallness of Digby's reinforcement, and the deduction from the enemy's former naval strength, by the loss of the Terrible, and the condemnation of two other ships of the line, leave them so vastly inferior, that I think they will not venture upon a relief.

It is to be wished that your excellency's plan would be Head-Quarters, near Dobb's Ferry, July 21, 1781. adopted, but there are reasons which operate forcibly SIR: I have been honored by your excellency's three against Count de Grasse's dividing his fleet. By grasp etters of the 14th and 17th of this month, with the se-ing at too much, we might loose a stake which nothing reral resolutions of congress, and extracts from interepted letters, enclosed.

I am much obliged by your attention in the communiation of the extracts, although I had been favored with hem through another channel previous to the receipt of our favor. The intelligence to be collected from them, properly improved, I think may turn greatly to our dvantage.

I take this opportunity most sincerely to congratulate Lou, sir, on the honor conferred upon you by congress, being elected to preside in that most respectable ody. Happy, as I expect to be, in your corresponI dare say I shall have no reason to complain of ence, Se mode of your conducting it; as, from a knowledge of bur character, I flatter myself it will ever be performed tith great propriety. I take the liberty however to reLiest, as a particular favor, that you will be so good as to nvey to me, as you have opportunity, any interesting telligence which you may receive, either from Europe C respecting our continental affairs. Your situation will ht it particularly in your power to oblige me in this reGest; and be assured, sir, that a greater obligation canht be conferred, since, for want of communication in is way, I have often been left in the dark in matters hich essentially concern the public welfare, and which, known, might be very influential in the government of conduct in the military line.

am happy to be informed, by accounts from all parts the continent, of the agreeable prospect of a very entiful supply of almost all the productions of the earth. Jessed as we are with the bounties of Providence nessary for our support and defence, the fault must surebe our own, and great indeed will it be, if we do not,

་

but the most adverse stroke of fortune can take out of our hands, and which, if we attain, will give a most fatal stab to the power of Great Britain in America.

I hope your excellency will excuse my short and imperfect answers to your full and obliging letters. The variety of matter which engages my attention must be my apology. My public despatch will inform your excellency of our progress up to this state.

With the greatest esteem and respect, I have the honor to be, sir, your most obedient and obliged servant, GEO: WASHINGTON.

His excellency Thomas M'Kean esq.

-

Mount Vernon, November, 15, 1781. SIR: I have the honor to ackowledge the receipt of your favor of the 31st ultimo, covering the resolutions of congress of the 29th, and a proclamation for a day of public prayer and thanksgiving; and have to thank you, sir, most sincerely for the very polite and affectionate manner in which these inclosures have been conveyed.

The success of the combined armies against the enemy at York and Gloucester, as it affects the welfare and independence of the United States, I view as a most fortunate event. In performing my part towards its accomplishment, I consider myself to have done only my duty, and in the execution of that I ever feel myself happy. Át the same time, as it augurs well to our cause, I take a particular pleasure in acknowledging, that the interposing hand of heaven, in the various instances of our extensive preparations for this operation, has been conspicuous and remarkable.

After the receipt of your favor, I was officially informed, through the secretary of congress, of a new choice of

1

their president. While I congratulate you, sir, on a release from the fatigues and trouble of so arduouss a task, I beg you to accept my sincerest thanks for the pleasure and satisfaction I have experienced in the correspondence with which you have honored me, and the many interesting communications of intelligence with which you have favored me.

I have the honor to be, with very sincere regard and esteem, dear sir, your most obedient and most humble servant, GEO: WASHINGTON. Hon. Thomas M'Kean, esq.

INDIAN DISTURBANCES.

steam boat North River, from New York to Albany, that twenty years ago, only one boat was able to move against wind and tide in the United States; and, even in England, no successful or profitable application of steam to propelling boats, was effected until after Fulton's entire success in the month of August, 1807. The world, then, but) for the successful application of this gigantic power. stands indebted to Robert Fulton, (not for the discovery, In 1822, there were in operation on the waters of England, 142 steam boats, and in America, 300 and rising. At this moment the use of steam, in England, in propelling boats and vessels, in driving machinery of every deFrom the Michigan Herald, of August 3. scription, in raising coal, water, and ores, from the bolish this day a letter from a gentleman attached to gov.men, and thousands of horses. In America, at this preWe pub- som of the earth, saves the employment of millions of Cass's suite, to the editor of this paper, giving all the in- sent writing, there is no doubt, but 1,000 boats now formation relative to the Indian disturbances, which was "move at ITS bidding," and its application to the ma known at Green Bay, as late as the 21st ult. There is not the least prospect that the Winnebagoes the place of wind, or animal power, altogether. Mr. chinery of factories, in absence of water power, takes will be joined by a single tribe. It is true that they have Fulton's experimental voyage on the Hudson, was made invited all their neighbors to take up the hatchet. It in 32 hours-being a mile in 14 1-2 minutes. The new is equally true, that the invitations, without a single ex-steam boat North America is now propelled on the same ception, have been declined. sippi river, boats are propelled by steam against a strong river, a mile in 4 minutes 58 seconds. On the Missiscurrent, at between 8 and 9 miles an hour, averaging the voyage from New Orleans to Louisville, which is 1,580 cumseh in 8 days and 2 hours. The down-stream trips miles, and which was performed by the steam boat Teare sometimes performed after the rate of 17 miles an hour.

The Indians, and particularly those residing near to our settlements, have too much good sense not to know, that any hostile movement on their part, against our government, would lead to their utter destruction. A Sac chief, a few days since, expressed a just sense of the relation in which the Indian tribes stand towards the United States, and of the consequences which would attend a state of war between them and the Americans. He expressed his conviction of the utter inability of all the Indian tribes united to stand against the power of their American father, unless supported by foreign aid. He asked, where are we to procure arms and ammunition, and who will furnish our wives and children with food? what country have we to fly to when we are driven from our own?

:e and to

The great prophet had united himself with the Potawatomies, by whom he was considered a principal chief: he had received numerous belts from the Winnebagoes, but gave evasive answers. sent him a war club which he refused to receive, but Last spring the Winnebagoes agreed to consult the Chippewas and Ottawas, when the tribes should meet at Malden, to receive their presents. The prophet, as is known, subsequently to this agreement, was taken off by poison. The chiefs of the Po-ly his country, been spared to this day, to witness the Had the great benefactor to the world, and particulartowatomies, however, met the chiefs of the two other numerous and wide spread blessings to comme tribes in council at Malden, and came to a solemn resolve manufactures, dispensed by the proper applications of to have nothing to do with the Winnebagoes, and that if steam, how serenely would he have "passed the downa war was likely to rage, in which they might be involved, ward road.” that they would remove beyond its reach within the Ame-usefulness was he cut off-while his country was hotly But he was cut off-in the midst of his rican borders. and concerting schemes to move ponderous batteries engaged in war-while his powerful mind was contriving among the becalmed fleets of the enemy-and before his plans of submarine warfare had reached any practical result. His torpedo system, had he brought it to perfection, would have carried terror with its progress, and instead of alleviating the miseries of war, ded tenfold to its horrors. It might have prevented its frequency and abridged its length, and combined with would have adthe engines of destruction, invented by our countryman, Perkins, would have placed in the hands of ambitious monarchs the means of destruction, too horrible to contemplate. Only think of the awful, appalling powers of the torpedo: by the torpedo, which moved under and atThe Sacs are desirous of drawing off the Indians of when 1,000 persons in a 74 would be asleep in their hamtached itself to its victim in the dead of night, the hour Peninsular Michigan, to their own country, and uniting mocks-its explosion would destroy the whole in a mowith them as one nation. It is a favorite object of their ment! and send them into the next world in a breath! policy, by which they hope to strengthen themselves against the Sioux. They say to the Chippewas and Po-expected at his death, that instead of a competency, his The pecuniary situation of Robert Fulton was so untawotomies, "we weep for you when we see your poverty, widow and children were left with a country's gratitude your game disappearing, and yourselves enclosed in a circle by the whites." Sacs have been unavailing. As yet, the persuasions of the Original letter from Robert Fulton to Joel Barlow, Phias their dowry. From Green Bay-The schooner Commerce, capt. Detroit, August 14. ladelphia. Merrit, arrived yesterday from Green Bay, which place back, has turned out rather more favorable than I had New York, August 2, 1807. My dear friend: My steam boat voyage to Albany and she left on the 9th inst. We learn by this arrival, that calculated. The distance from New York to Albany is about two or three thousand Indians had assembled at the 150 miles; I ran it up in 32 hours, and down in 30 hours. treaty ground, and among them was a considerable num-The latter is just five miles an hour. I had a light breeze her of Winnebagoes, who, on the whole, were disposed against me the whole way going and coming, so that no to be peaceable, though they had shown a disposition to use was made of my sails; and the voyage has been perquarrel with the Menominies. "talks" with them, in which he counselled them to walk many sloops and schooners beating to windward, and Gov. Cass had had some formed wholly by the power of the engine. I overtook in smooth paths, but at the same time told them very passed them as if they had been at anchor. distinctly, that if they were tired of peace, their great father would readily accommodate them with a war play.proved. The morning I left New York, there was not, The power of It is probable that a treaty will be effected, but is difficult perhaps, thirty persons in the city who believed the boat propelling boats by steam is now fully to surmise in what manner the breach with the Winneba- would ever move one mile an hour, or be of the least goea will be closed.-Gazette. utility. And while we were putting off from the wharf, which was crowded with spectators, I heard a number of sarcastic remarks: this is the way, you know, in which ignorant men compliment what they call philosophers

STEAM TWENTY YEARS AGO.
[From the Black Rock Gazette.]

It will be seen by the following valuable and interest-and projectors. ing letter from Robert Fulton to Joel Barlow, giving

Having employed much time and money, and zeal in

an account of the first, or experimental voyage of the accomplishing this work, it gives me, as it will you, great

pleasure to see it so fully answer my expectations. It riparian proprietors, must show a rightful appropriations will give a cheap and quick conveyance to merchandise on the Mississippi, Missouri and other great rivers, which are now laying open their treasures to the enterprize of our countrymen. And although the prospect of personal emolument has been some inducement to me, yet I feel infinitely more pleasure in reflecting with you on the immense advantage that my country will derive

from the invention.

However, I will not admit that it is half so important as the torpedo system of defence and attack; for out of this will grow the liberty of the seas; an object of infinite importance to the welfare of America, and every civilized country. But thousands of witnesses have now seen the steam boat in rapid movement, and they believe: they have not seen a ship of war destroyed by a torpedo, and they do not believe. We cannot expect people in general will have a knowledge of physics, or power of mind sufficient to combine ideas, and reason from causes to effect. But in case we have war, and the enemy's ships come into our water, if the government will give me a reasonable means of action, I will soon convince the world that we have surer and cheaper modes of defence than they are aware of. Yours, &c.

ROBERT FULTON.

WATER-RIGHTS.

by grant from all, whose interests are affected by the particular appropriation, or by a long exclusive enjoyment without obstruction, which affords a just presumption of right. The plaintiffs, the court considered riparian proprietors. As owners of the lower dam, and the mills connected therewith, they have no rights beyond others who might have appropriated that portion of the stream to the use of their mills. These rights are to be measured by their actual use and appropriation of the water, for a period which the law deems a conclusive presumption in favor of rights of this nature. As mill owners they have no title to the flow of the stream, beyond the water actually and legally appropriated to their mills; but as riparian proprietors, they are entitled to the general flow of the stream, so far as it has not been already acquired by some prior and legally operative appropriation.

The plaintiffs have the right to the natural flow of the stream not yet appropriated. The owners of Sergeant's tench are entitled to the use of so much water of the river as has been accustomed to flow through that trench to and from their mills, (whether actually used or necessary for th same mills or not), during the twenty years last before the institution of the suit, subject only to such qualifications and limitations as have been acknowledged or rightfully exercised by the plaintiff's as riparian pro

Providence, R. I. June 25.-At the recent term of prictors, or owners of the lower mill dam, during that the United States circuit court for the district of Rhode period. Their rights stop there. They have no right to Island, his honor judge Story delivered the opinion of appropriate surplus water not used by the riparian prothe court, in the case of Ebenezer Tyler and others, Prietors, it being their inheritance and not open to occuagainst Abraham Wilkinson and others, in equity.-Wepancy. The trench proprietors do not hold a mere have heretofore reframed from mentioning this decision, pre-eminent right; but if they did, it would be limited to waste-water privilege. The plaintiffs do not establish a but now having a copy of the judge's opinion before us, the mills formerly existing, and to their usual priority of we will endeavour to state the points decided. supply; which, in a conflict of right, and a deficiency of water, they were accustomed to take and require, and not an unlimited right over all the water for all future mills. The court consider this claim of pre-eminent ght as suspended in doubt, and that relief ought not to be given against the positive denial of the respondents. The fact of actual flow and use of water for a considera

The bill charges that the respondents who are owners of Sergeant's trench, are entitled as against the owners of the lower dam, only to what is called a waste-water privilege; that is, a right to use only such surplus water As is not wanted by the owners of the lower dam and lands, for any purpose whatever. That the rights of the trench owners are subservient to those of the plaintiffs.ble time, is proof of a general right, and no limitations It also charges a fradulent combination between the owner of the upper dam, and the trench, injuriously to appropriate and use the water, and that the latter use more than they are entitled to by ancient usage, and waste it, to the injury of the plaintiffs. The object of the bill is to establish the plaintiffs' rights, and to obtain an injunetion, and for general relief.

The principal points discussed at har, were what is the nature and extent of the rights of the owners of Sergeants trench; and whether their rights have been execeded by them, to the injury of the plaintiff's.

are to be presumed unless such as have constantly been acquiesced in by those whose interests were adverse. For a period of forty or fifty years the water did flow in the trench without any known limitation upon it by grant were either such as referred to removal of temporary or usage. The acts of interruption since that period, dams intended to increase the supply, or were under circumstances so questionable as to leave behind them no clear traces of any admission of right, or uniform acquiescence in them, as just exercises of superior adverse

interests.

Preparatory to considering these points, the judge conThe judge decided that "the owners of Sergeant's sidered the nature and extent of rights which riparian trench have a right to the flow of the quantity of water proprietors generally possess to the waters of rivers flow-which was accustomed to flow therein antecedent to 1796; ing through their land, which he considered generally to that the right is general and not qualified by any permabe as follows, viz: Every proprietor upon each bank of nent right in the plaintiff, or other owners of the lower a river is entitled to the land covered with water in front dam, either as riparian proprietors or otherwise, to the of his bank, to the middle thread of the stream; by virtue, use of the water in case of a deficiency; that if there be whereof he has a right to the use of the water flowing a deficiency it must be borne by all parties as a common over it in its natural current, without dimunition or ob-loss, wherever it may fall, according to existing rights; and struction-he has no property in the water, but a sufi-that the trench proprietors have no right to appropriate cit while it passes along. The natural stream existing more water, than belonged to them in 1796, and ought by the bounty of Providence, for the benefit of the land to be restrained from any further appropriation; and that through which it flows, is an incident annexed by the the plaintiffs, to this extent, are entitled to have their operation of law to the land itself. The riparian pro-general rights established, and an injunction granted.”+ prietor is allowed a reasonable use of that which is comimon to all. There may be a diminution in quantity or reA master was appointed to ascertain as near as may tardation, or acceleration of the natural current, indispen-be, the quantity of water to which the trench owners are sable to the general and valuable use of the water, and entitled, in conformity to the opinion of the court, and to prefectly consistent with the existence of the common report a suitable mode and arrangement permanently to right. The law acts with a reference to public conveni-regulate and adjust the flow of the water, so as to preserve ence and general good, not betrayed into a narrow striet-the right of all parties. ness subversive of common sense, or an extravagant looseness which would destroy private rights. Mere priority of The trench owners, in their answer, do not pretend appropriation of running water confers no exclusive right, that they have acquired any new rights by an additional unless there be an appropriation by general consent or uninterrupted use within the last twenty years; but, on grant. It is not like the case of occupancy, where the the contrary, they assert that the quantity which now first occupant takes by force of his priority of occupation.flows, is in conformity to the ancient usage, and does not Whoever seeks to establish an exclusive use against the execed it.

*The bank of a river-the sea shore, sea side.

PRINTED FOR THE EDITORS, AT THE FRANKLIN PRESS,

THIRD SERIES. No. 2-VOL. IX.] BALTIMORE, SEPT. 8, 1827. [VOL. XXXIII. WHOLE No. 834

THE PAST-THE PRESENT-FOR THE FUTURE.

EDITED AND PUBLISHED BY H. NILES & SON AT $5 PER ANNUM, PAYABLE IN ADVANCE.

In answer to numerous enquiries, the senior edi- the opinions introduced and acted upon in the United tor of the REGISTER, as chairman of the committee to States, in consequence of the French revolution, will be whom the subject was referred, has the pleasure to say, obliterated, &c. that the address of the General Convention which assembled at Harrisburg, and a great mass of statistical matter,tion of our country, is held upon the prejudices alluded All this is very true. the chief part of which has been specially prepared for to-our merchants are regarded as the carriers of the A great part even of the legislathis occasion, is now nearly ready, (and much of it in world, and our farmers considered as supplying half Eutype for re-examination), after a very severe application of rope with bread and meat! When legislators persist time and industry to accomplish the views of the com-in their operations against the evidence of facts, it is not to mittee and bring out the principles and objects of the be wondered that the people, generally, should hug their convention; and that, if success shall not attend the errors and neglect to reason. exertion, he hopes it will be made apparent that humble, taken place, or is going on. but zealous, efforts have been made to deserve it.-For cover that if the products of their labor is doubled in But a great alteration has a month past, this work has occupied, at least, eight value, they can afford to pay an advance upon the labor The dullest individuals dishours daily labor at the desk; and if all that should be of others--and many have found out that an article sold done has not been done, or could not be done, (because of to a neighbor for five dollars, the dispersion of facts and the difficulty of obtaining them as though it was sent to the East Indies and five them), that some have expected, he flatter's himself that dollars brought home for it! Others and many, begin to really worth as much to the attempt to show and calculate the interior resources grasp the whole subject of production and demand, and, of our country and its various wants, may lead others though the progress of light is slow, it is certain--and it more capable to the building up of a system which shall is pleasant to believe that tens of thousands of persons hereafter exhibit to the public understanding those things have lately commenced thinking upon causes and effects most important to the public welfare. After the whole and are making calculations for themselves. The state shall be published in a pamphlet, as directed by the con- of society is improving, and the love of thought will vention, it will be inserted in the REGISTER, assisted by abound. extra or gratuitous sheets, for general reference; and the facts will not be less useful to the opponents than the which we have seen contains a letter from Mrs. Whipple. friends of the "American system," the presumption be-It is either a tissue of most wicked falsehoods, or this STRANG'S CONFESSION has been published, and the part ing that both mean to do what is right. miserable woman ought to have been suspended by the same cord, that she might have passed to "the judgment"

The absolute necessity of much reducing our ex-with the unfortunate man whom she seduced into adultechange list, has been several times mentioned. We in-ry and the murder of her husband. It is a disgusting tale. tended to have given notice of it at the close of the last The woman is represented as not only making all advolume, but forgot it. Such editors as shall not receivevances to crime, but as actually furnishing the very bulthis paper hereafter will conclude that we either desire to let designed to destroy her husband. It is not easy to cease an exchange with them, or regard it as necessary apprehend of what base materials such a creature is that "the difference" promised to be paid was forwarded. formed. The receipt of many papers imposes an obligation to open and examine them, causing a great waste of time to late instructor in the military academy at Middletown, little profit, in addition to the expenses incurred in supply Con. and formerly brigade major and inspector of inA NEW MILITARY WORK, compiled by maj. Holbrook, ing copies of the REGISTER. We shall still keep up a libe-fantry, has lately appeared, and we have heard it highly ral intercourse with our brother editors in all the states, spoken of by some whose opinions are entitled to entire that we may glean whatever is useful to the public intelli-respect. The directions are said to be more clearly exgence and for record.

pressed than is usual, and its arrangement as excellent, Though carefully looking for it, it was not until of the United States. It is regarded as a practical work, and in strict conformity to all that is practised in the army Saturday last that we met with a copy of Dr. Cooper's which even the best informed in military tactics may conspeech, delivered at Columbia, S. C. against the princi- sult with advantage, and the less experienced rely upon ples of the tariff, and especially opposing a further increase for sound information and useful remark. Much matter of duties for the encouragement of domestic manufac-is compressed in a small space, and references to particutures, and we first read it in a Huntsville paper with the lar things is rendered certain and easy. hope of improvement-which, we regret to say, has not the principal bookstores in the United States. been afforded: for the distinguished and learned gentleIt is for sale in man has, in our opinion, more indulged his feelings than exerted his powers of argument.

SAXONY SHEEP. A late number of the Boston Patriot in the brig Comet, from Hamburg, took place at Brighinforms us that-The sale of 101 Saxony rams, imported ton on Friday. They were from one to four years old, principally one and three. The amount of sales was nearly $3,000, and the prices ranged from $8 to $64average $27.

As this speech has been much spoken of, and, because of some of its parts may be as much sought for by others as it was by ourselves-and is, besides, a proper article for record, we give it a place in the present sheet-that the friends and opponents of the "American system" may use it respectively to support themselves in the best manner that they can. We may refer to it hereafter.burg, The whole proceedings of the Columbia meeting are in

serted.

brought 182 Saxony sheep.
The Mentor, which arrived at that port from Ham-

"THE IRISH POPULATION" in the United States, we ob PROGRESS OF RIGHT. observes, that the progress of knowledge is slow-that it would seem that the sum must be exceedingly exagA Pennsylvania correspondent sume must be meant, from the use of the term, and if so, serve, is supposed to amount to 500,000; natives we preyears are required to remove the prejudices of a people-gerated. About 33 years are allowed as a generation of that is, those notions which they entertain they know not men; then if we take the medium quantity of years, it will why, never having enquired into the right or wrong of appear that, to make up 500,000 natives resident among them; that, in times of party excitement, even old princi-us, the immigration must have amounted to more than ples often give way; that ten years of quiet would be ne-30,000 persons annually-whereas the average has not cessary to bring about a general regard for political econo- exceeded 6 or 7,000, for twenty years past, if it has my, and that a whole generation must pass away, before reached that number. The population of persons born in VOL. IX-No. 2.

FRENCH ELECTIONS. From the N. Y. American of In consequence of the announcement of the bank of Aug. 23. In a paragraph in our paper of yesterday, an England to reduce the rate of discount to 4 per cent. allusion was made to a communication on the subject of which has also been established at the branch establishthe election of general Lafayette, which was by acci-ments in the country, the private bankers in London dent omitted. The following is the communication allu-have reduced the charge of discounting bills to 3 per ded to: