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188

163

169
See Actions at Civil Law. Contracts at
the Civil Law.

SADDLES

79

183 Are contraband

Nor unless there has been an open | Forbade navigation during the winter
denial of justice
184 months
The sovereign whose subjects are On the subject of ex post facto laws
complained of must be applied to
in the first instance
185
Various treaties on this subject ibid.
Opinion of the English jurists
Precautions taken in France to pre-
vent letters of reprisal being granted
without sufficient cause
Punishment in case such have been
obtained on false pretences 184
The right of granting letters of repri-
sal belongs to the sovereign alone,
and cannot be delegated
Reprisals may be granted for a debt,
as well as for an injury done by ac-
tual violence
May be granted to a resident alien, as
well as to a subject
May be enforced on the delinquent's
property in the country of the
reign who granted them
But it must be done by legal means,
and not manu forti
ibid.
Unless there is danger in delay ibid.

RETALIATION

187

184

ibid.

sove-
188

To be exercised only on enemies, and
not through the injury of a friend

33

Instances to the contrary, and obser-
vations thereon
61, 86

ROMAN LAW

Is denominated in Europe the com-
mon law
53, 183

Is a safe guide to discover the true
principles of the law of nations 107
Forbade the manufacturing of arms
without the permission of the sove-
reign
Nor by that law could any one kill

98

139

195

SAFE CONDUCT
No protection out of the place for
which it is granted
One who resides in an enemy's coun-
try, under a safe conduct from the
sovereign, may sue and be sued

ibid.
But cannot be sued where he is not
allowed to sue
See Alien Enemy.

SALUTE,

56

In close seas, or within the extent of
the jurisdiction of the sovereign of
the coast, to be given precisely in
such manner as that sovereign re-
quires

SALVAGE

59

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an enemy of the Roman people, See Ancient writers on Maritime Law.
who was not a regularly enlisted
soldier
The Romans, however, adopted the
law of Solon, permitting private as-
sociations for the purpose of plun-
der, quære?

SECURITIES OF PRIVATEERS
Not responsible beyond the amount
jbid. of their bonds or stipulations

149

SENTENCE OF CONDEMNA-

TION

116

SPANIARDS

Pretend to blockade all the Portu

guese dominions

Their claim opposed by the Dutch

31

ibid.

Converts the military right to a prize
into a civil right, and is the legal
evidence thereof
Is always in England, as to neutral
property taken in war, on the ground
of its having belonged to enemies,
whatever may be the real specific See Blockade. Dutch. English.
cause or motive
Palpable injustice of the British doc-
trine, which makes a foreign sen-
tence conclusive evidence of non-
neutrality in favour of underwriters

The English pretend in the same man-
ner to blockade the Spanish domi-
nions

173

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STRACCHA.

92

See Ancient Writers on Maritime LuwW.

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SHIP

94

Not to be confiscated for contraband
goods on board
Unless shipped with the privity of the
owner of the ship
ibid.
Various treaties on this subject
Confiscated by the law of France, if
contraband amount to three quarters
of the cargo
99
Rule in England, to release the ship
without freight, unless the owner is
particeps fraudis
ibid.
Confiscated by the civil law for having
unlawful goods on board, when ship-
ped with the privity of the master,
otherwise not
106
If vessel belongs to the master him-
self, this principle cannot apply, be-
cause he generally knows by the
bills of lading what goods are ship-
ped on board

107

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France and England in the present

TRIPOLITANS. TUNISIANS.
See Africa.

UNITED PROVINCES OF THE
NETHERLANDS.

Whether they had a right to make
war and peace in their separate ca-
pacities, and in what cases 181, 189

VAN TROMP (Admiral).

war trade with each other, and in- His attack on the Spanish fleet in the

terdict that trade to neutrals ibid.

Illegal on general principles

165

Prohibited in Holland, even to foreign-

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Downs

WAR.

61

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