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settlements, the limits of which shall, in the event of such direction, be defined by said court; and said offices shall be in charge of the commissioners respectively as hereinafter provided.

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Section 379 evidently repeals by implication section 4 of the Alaska civil government act (23 Stat. 24), and the duties devolving upon the clerk as ex officio recorder of instruments are now required to be performed by recorders.

SEC. 380. Any clerk or commissioner authorized to record any instrument who having collected fees for so doing fails to record such instrument shall account to his successor in office, or to such person as the court may direct, for all the fees received by him for recording any instrument on file and unrecorded at the expiration of his official term, or at the time he is required to transfer his records to another officer under the direction of the court. And any clerk or commissioner who fails, neglects, or refuses to so account for fees received and not actually earned by the recording of instrument shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction thereof shall be fined not less than $100 nor more than $1,000, and imprisoned for not more than one year, or until the fees received and unearned as aforesaid shall have been properly accounted for and paid over by him, as hereinbefore provided. And in addition such fees may be recovered from such clerk or commissioner or the bondsmen of either, in a civil action which shall be brought by the district attorney, in the name of the United States, to recover the same; and the amount when recovered shall be by the court transferred to the successor in office of such recorder, who shall thereupon proceed to record the unrecorded instruments: Provided, Miners in any organized mining district may make rules and regulations governing the recording of notices of location of mining claims, water rights, flumes and ditches, mill sites, and affidavits of labor, not in conflict with this act or the general laws of the United States; and nothing in this act shall be construed so as to prevent the miners in any regularly organized mining district not within any recording district established by the court from electing their own mining recorder to act as such until a recorder therefor is appointed by the court: Provided further, All records heretofore regularly made by the United States commissioner at Dyea, Skagway, and the recorder at Douglas City, not in conflict with any records regularly made with the United States commissioner at Juneau, are hereby legalized. And all records heretofore made in good faith in any regularly organized mining district are hereby made public records, and the same shall be delivered to the recorder for the recording district including such mining district within six months from the passage of this act. (Act of June 6, 1900, 31 Stat. 321, p. 328; 2 Supp. R. S. 1200.) Carter Code, sec. 16; Charlton Code, sec. 5947.

A. MINERS' REGULATIONS VALIDITY.

Section 16 of the original act prohibits the miners in any district from enacting and enforcing rules in conflict with mining statutes and it therefore repeals existing rules of miners in conflict with the provisions of this statute.

Butler v. Good Enough Min. Co., 1 Alaska 246, p. 253.

This act, supplementing section 2324 R. S., authorizes miners in any organized mining district to make rules and regulations governing the recording of location notices.

McFarland v. Alaska Perseverance Min. Co., 3 Alaska 308, p. 320.

SEC. 416. The legislative power of the Territory shall extend to all rightful subjects of legislation not inconsistent with the Constitution and laws of the United States, but no law shall be passed interfering with the primary disposal of the soil; no tax shall be imposed upon the property of the United States; nor shall the lands or other property of nonresidents be taxed higher than the lands or other property of residents; nor shall the legislature grant to any corporation, association, or individual any special or exclusive privilege, immunity, or franchise without the affirmative approval of Congress; nor shall the legislature pass local or special laws in any of the cases enumerated in the act of July 30, 1886; nor shall it grant private charters or special privileges, but it may, by general act, permit persons to associate themselves together as bodies corporate for manufacturing, mining, agricultural, and other industrial pursuits, and for the conduct of business of insurance, savings banks, banks of discount and deposit (but not of issue), loans, trust, and guaranty associations, for the establishment and conduct of cemeteries, and for the construction and operation of railroads, wagon roads, vessels, and irrigating ditches, and the colonization and improvement of lands in connection therewith, or for colleges, seminaries, churches, libraries, or any other benevolent, charitable, or scientific association, but the authority embraced in this section shall only permit the organization of corporations or associations whose chief business shall be in the Territory of Alaska. (Act of July 30, 1886, 37 Stat. 512.)

SEC. 425. That an officer of the Engineer Corps of the United States Army, a geologist in charge of Alaska surveys, an officer in the Engineer Corps of the United States Navy, and a civil engineer who has had practical experience in railroad construction and has not been connected with any railroad enterprise in said Territory be appointed by the President as a commission hereby authorized and instructed to conduct an examination into transportation question in the Territory of Alaska; to examine railroad routes from the seaboard to the coal fields and to the interior and navigable waterways; to secure surveys and other information with respect to railroads, including cost of construction and operation; to obtain information in respect to the coal fields and their proximity to railroad routes; and to make report of the facts to Congress on or before the 1st day of December, 1912, or as soon thereafter as may be practicable, together with their conclusions and recommendations in respect to the best and most available routes for railroads in Alaska which will develop the country and the resources thereof for the use of the people of the United States: Provided further, That the sum of $25,000, or so much thereof as may be necessary, is hereby appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, to defray the expenses of said commission. (Act of July 30, 1886, 37 Stat. 512.)

SEC. 633. Subject to the provisions of this chapter, the right of eminent domain may be exercised in behalf of the following public

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(3) Public buildings and grounds for the use of any precinct, city, town, village, school, district or other municipal division, whether incorporated or unincorporated; canals, aqueducts, flumes, ditches, or pipes conducting water, heat, or gas for the use of the inhabitants of any precinct, city, town, or other municipal division, whether incor

porated or unincorporated; raising the banks of streams, removing obstructions therefrom, and widening, deepening, or straightening their channels; roads, streets, and alleys, and all other public uses for the benefit of any precinct, city, town, or other municipal division, whether incorporated or unincorporated, or the inhabitants thereof, which may be authorized by Congress or other legislative authority of the district.

(4) Wharves, docks, piers, chutes, booms, ferries, bridges of all kinds, private roads, plank and turnpike roads, railroads, canals, ditches, flumes, aqueducts, and pipes for public transportation, supplying mines and farming neighborhoods with water, and draining and reclaiming lands, and for floating logs and lumber on streams not navigable, and sites for reservoirs necessary for collecting and storing water.

(5) Roads, tunnels, ditches, flumes, pipes, and dumping places for working mines; also outlets, natural or otherwise, for the flow, deposit, or conduct of tailings or refuse matter from mines; also an occupancy in common by the owners or possessors of different mines of any place for the flow, deposit, or conduct of tailings or refuse matter from their several mines, and sites for reservoirs necessary for collecting and storing water.

(6) Private roads leading from highways to residences, mines, or farms.

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(10) Tramway lines. (Act of June 6, 1900, 31 Stat. 494, p. 522.) SEC. 691. Every mechanic, artisan, machinist, builder, contractor, lumber merchant, laborer, teamster, drayman, and other persons performing labor upon or furnishing material, of any kind to be used in the construction, development, alteration, or repair, either in whole or in part, of any building, wharf, bridge, flume, mine, tunnel, fence, machinery, or aqueduct, or any structure or superstructure, shall have a lien upon the same for the work or labor done or material furnished at the instance of the owner of the building or other improvement or his agent; and every contractor, subcontractor, architect, builder, or other person having charge of the construction, alteration, or repair, in whole or in part, of any building or other improvement as aforesaid shall be held to be the agent of the owner for the purposes of this code. (Act of June 6, 1900, 31 Stat. 494, p. 534.)

Carter Code, sec. 262; Charlton Code, sec. 262.

SEC. 692. The land upon which any building or other improvement as aforesaid shall be constructed, together with a convenient space about the same, or so much as may be required for the convenient use and occupation thereof (to be determined by the judgment of the court at the time of the foreclosure of such lien), and the mine on which the labor was performed or for which the material was furnished shall also be subject to the liens created by this code if, at the time the work was commenced or the materials for the same had been commenced to be furnished, the land belonged to the person who caused the building or other improvement to be constructed, altered, or repaired; but if such person owned less than a fee-simple estate in such land, then only his interest therein shall be subject to such lien; and in case such interest shall be a leasehold interest, and the holder thereof shall have forfeited his rights thereto, the purchaser of such

building or improvement and leasehold term, or so much thereof as remains unexpired at any sale under the provisions of this code, shall be held to be the assignee of such leasehold term, and as such shall be entitled to pay the lessor all arrears of rent or other money and costs due under the lease, unless the lessor shall have regained possession of the land and property, or obtained judgment for the possession thereof, prior to the commencement of the construction, alteration, or repair of the building or other improvement thereof; in which event the purchaser shall have the right only to remove the building or other improvement within 30 days after he shall have purchased the same; and the owner of the land shall receive the rent due him, payable out of the proceeds of the sale, according to the terms of the lease, down to the time of such removal. (Act of June 6, 1900, 31 Stat. 494, p. 534.)

SEC. 693. A lien created by this code upon any parcel of land shall be preferred to any lien, mortgage, or other incumbrance which may have attached to the land subsequent to the time when the building or other improvement was commenced, or the materials were commenced to be furnished and placed upon or adjacent to the land; also to any lien, mortgage, or other incumbrance which was unrecorded at the time when the building, structure, or other improvement was commenced, or other materials for the same were commenced to be furnished and placed upon or adjacent to the land; and all liens created by this code upon any building or other improvements shall be preferred to all prior liens, mortgages, or other incumbrances upon the land upon which the building or other improvement shall have been constructed or situated when altered or repaired; and in enforcing such lien, such building or other improvement may be sold separately from the land, and when so sold the purchaser may remove the same, within a reasonable time thereafter, not to exceed 30 days, upon the payment to the owner of the land of a reasonable rent for its use from the date of its purchase to the time of removal: Provided, If such removal be prevented by legal proceedings, the 30 days shall not begin to run until the final determination of such proceedings in the court of first resort or the appellate court if appeal be taken. (Act of June 6, 1900, 31 Stat. 494, p. 535.)

Carter Code, sec. 264; Charlton Code, sec. 264.

SEC. 694. Every building or other improvement mentioned in section 691, constructed upon any lands with the knowledge of the owner or the person having or claiming any interest therein, shall be held to have been constructed at the instance of such owner or person having or claiming any interest therein; and the interest owned or claimed shall be subject to any lien filed in accordance with the provisions of this code, unless such owner or person having or claiming an interest therein shall, within three days after he shall have obtained knowledge of the construction, alteration, or repair, give notice that he will not be responsible for the same, by posting a notice in writing to that effect in some conspicuous place upon the land, or upon the building or other improvement situated thereon. (Act of June 6, 1900, 31 Stat. 494, p. 535.)

Carter Code, sec. 265; Charlton Code, sec. 265.

SEC. 695. It shall be the duty of every original contractor, within 60 days after the completion of his contract, and of every mechanic,

artisan, machinist, builder, lumber merchant, laborer, or other person, save the original contractor, claiming the benefit of this code, within 30 days after the completion of the alteration or repair thereof, or after he has ceased to labor thereon from any cause, or after he has ceased to furnish materials therefor, to file with the recorder of the precinct in which such building or other improvement, or some part thereof, shall be situated, a claim containing a true statement of his demand, after deducting all just credits and offsets, with the name of the owner or reputed owner, if known, and also the name of the person by whom he was employed or to whom he furnished the materials, and also a description of the property to be charged with the lien sufficient for identification, which claim shall be verified by the oath of himself or of some other person having knowledge of the facts. (Act of June 6, 1900, 31 Stat. 494, p. 535.)

Carter Code, sec. 266; Charlton Code, sec. 266.

SEC. 696. The recorder shall record the claim in a book kept for that purpose, which records shall be indexed as deeds and other conveyances are required by law to be indexed, and for which he shall receive the same fees as are allowed by law for recording deeds and other instruments. (Act of June 6, 1900, 31 Stat. 494, p. 536.)

Carter Code, sec. 267; Charlton Code, sec. 267.

NOTE. See sec. 379, Political Code.

SEC. 697. No lien provided for in this code shall bind any building, structure, or other improvement for a longer period than six months after the same shall have been filed, unless suit be brought before the proper court within that time to enforce the same, or, if a credit be given, then six months after the expiration of such credit; but no lien shall be continued in force for a longer time than one year from the time the work is completed by any agreement to give credit. (Act of June 6, 1900, 31 Stat. 494, p. 536.)

Carter Code, sec. 268; Charlton Code, sec. 268.

SEC. 698. Any person who shall, at the request of the owner of any lot in the District, grade, fill in, or otherwise improve the same or the street in front of or adjoining the same, shall have a lien upon such lot for his work done and materials furnished in the grading, filling in, or otherwise improving the same; and all the provisions of this code respecting the securing and enforcing the mechanic's lien shall apply thereto. (Act of June 6, 1900, 31 Stat. 494, p. 536.)

Carter Code, sec. 269; Charlton Code, sec. 269.

SEC. 699. Actions to enforce the liens created by this code shall be brought before the district court, and the pleadings, process, practice, and other proceedings shall be the same as in other cases. In case the proceeds of any sale under this code shall be insufficient to pay all lien holders under it, the liens of all persons other than the original contractor (and subcontractors) shall first be paid in full, or pro rata if the proceeds be insufficient to pay them in full; and out of the remainder, if any, the subcontractor shall be paid in full, or pro rata if the remainder be insufficient to pay them in full, and the remainder, if any, shall be paid to the original contractor; and each claimant shall be entitled to execution for any balance due him after such distribution, such execution to be issued by the clerk of the district court,

56974°-Bull. 94, pt 2—15- -6

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