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of the colonel or commandant of a regiment, as in the militia, vclunteer, and yeomanry corps. Warrant officers, those who have no commissions, but only warrants from such boards, or persons, as are authorised by the king to grant them. Brevet officer, one who, in doing duty with other corps, takes rank according to the commission which he holds from the king, and which is superior to the one for which he actually receives pay, or by which he can do duty in his own. A captain, for instance, in the sixty-second regiment of foot, who has the rank of brevetmajor in the army, may, when that corps does brigade duty, command every captain on service with him. Non-commissioned officers are serjeantmajors, quarter-master serjeants, serjeants, corporals, drum and fife majors; who are nominated by their respective captains, and appointed by the commanding officers of regiments, and by them reduced without a court-martial. Orderly non-commissioned officers are those who are orderly, or on duty, for that week; who, on hearing the drum beat for orders, are to repair to the place appointed to receive them, and to take down in writing, in the orderly book, what is dictated by the adjutant, or serjeant-major: they are then immediately to show these orders to the officers of the company, and afterwards warn the men for duty.

OFFICERS, GREAT, OF THE CROWN, are, the lord high-steward, the lord high-chancellor, the lord high-treasurer, the lord high-president of the council, the lord privy seal, the lord chamberlain, the lord high-constable, and the earlmarshal; each of which see under its proper article.

OFFICERS, STAFF, are such as, in the king's presence, bear a white staff or wand; and at other times, on their going abroad, have it carried before them by a footman bare-headed; such are the lord-steward, lord-chamberlain, lord-treasurer, &c. The white staff is taken for a commission; and at the king's death each of these officers breaks his staff over the hearse made for the king's body, and thus lays down his commission, and discharges all his inferior

officers.

OFFICIAL is also a deputy appointed by an archdeacon as his assistant, who sits as judge in the archdeacon's court.

OFFICIAL, in the canon law, an ecclesiastical judge, appointed by a bishop, chapter, abbot, &c., with charge of the spiritual jurisdiction of the diocese.

OFFICIOUS, adj. Fr. officieux; Latin OFFICIOUSLY, adv. officiosus. Kind; perOFFICIOUSNESS, n. s. Sforming good offices; importunately or obtrusively kind: hence impertinent; meddling: the adverb and noun-substantive follow these senses.

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OFFING, or OFFIN, in the sea language, is that part of the sea, a good distance from shore, where there is deep water, and no need of a pilot to conduct the ship: thus, if a ship from shore be seen sailing out to seaward, they say, she stands for the offing; and, if a ship, having the shore near her, have another a good way without her, or towards the sea, they say, that ship is in the offing. OFF'SET, n. s. Off and set. Sprout; the shoot of a plant.

They are multiplied not only by the seed, but many also by the root, producing offsets or creeping under ground. Ray.

Some plants are raised from any part of the root, others by offsets, and in others the branches set in the Locke. ground will take root.

OFFSCOURING, n. s. Off and scouring. Recrement; part rubbed off in scouring or cleansing.

Thou hast made us as the offscouring and refuse in the midst of the people. Lamentations iii. 45. Being accounted, as St. Paul says, the very filth of the world, and the off scouring of all things.

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Dryden.

Addison.

mention the offspring of other deities.
His principal actor is the son of a goddess, not to
OFT', adv.
OFTEN,
OFTENTIMES,
OFT TIMES.

Sax. oft; Teut. offt, often. Frequent: this both oft and often signify; and, as Dr. Johnson observes, the latter was times and oftentimes are, frequently; many times. probably a long time the plural of the former: ofIn labours more abundant, in stripes above measure, in prisons more frequent, in deaths oft. 2 Corinthians ii. 23. Use a little wine for thy stomach's sake, and thine often infirmities. 1 Timothy v. 23.

Is our faith in the blessed Trinity a matter needless, to be so oftentimes mentioned and opened in the principal part of that duty which we owe to God, our Hooker. public prayer? The queen that bore thee, Oftener upon her knees than on her feet, Died every day she lived. Shakspeare. Macbeth. A lusty black-browed girl, with forehead broad and high,

That often had bewitcht the sea gods with her eye. Drayton. Who was ever so wise as not sometimes to be a fool in his own conceit, ofttimes in the conceit of others? Hall.

It may be a true faith, for so much as it is; it is one part of true faith, which is oft mistaken for the whole.

Hammond.

Milton's Paradise Lost.

Ofttimes nothing profits more Than self-esteem, grounded on just and right, Well managed. These sort of speeches, issuing from just and honest indignation, are sometimes excusable, oftentimes commendable. Barrow.

Ofttimes before I hither did resort, Charmed with the conversation of a man Who led a rural life. Dryden and Lce. Who does not more admire Cicero as an author, than as a consul of Rome, and does not oftener talk of the celebrated writers of our own country in former ages, than of any among their contemporaries ? Addison's Freeholder.

The difficulty was, by what means they could ever arrive to places often times so remote from the ocean. Woodward.

It is equally necessary that there should be a future state, to vindicate the justice of God, and solve the present irregularities of Providence, whether the best men be oftentimes only, or always the most miAtterbury.

serable.

Favours to none, to all she smiles extends, Oft she rejects, but never once offends. Pope. The sun Sheds weak and blunt his wide refracted ray, Whence glaring oft with many a broadened orb He frights the nations. Thomson.

Some men employ their health, an ugly trick, In making known how oft they have been sick, And give us in recitals of disease

A doctor's trouble, but without the fees. Cowper. OG. Heb. a, i. e. a cake. Aking of Bashan, of a most gigantic stature. His bedstead was of iron, and was nine cubits long and four broad; which, according to some calculations, is sixteen feet five inches long, and above seven feet three inches broad. The learned Calmet, however, makes it only fifteen feet four inches long, and six feet ten inches broad. Wolfius makes Og more that thirteen feet high. The rabbis pretend that he lived before the flood, and preserved himself during the time of it, by mounting on the outside of the ark and receiving food from Noah, &c. When he heard of the defeat of Sihon, king of the Amorites, by Moses, he collected all his troops and attacked the Israelites at Edrei; but his numerous host was routed, himself killed, and his country conquered. The Ammonites some time afterwards carried off his iron bedstead. Num. xxi.; Deut. iii. 1-14.

OGE', a creole, or quarteroon, of St. Domingo, was, at the commencement of the revolution, established at Cape Français in commerce. His affairs having drawn him to Paris, he was there

admitted into the society of Amis des Noirs, and warmly solicited the National Assembly in favor of his brethren. Meeting with little attention he returned to St. Domingo, resolved to adopt some more efficacious means for their freedom. In the quarter of Dondon, where he was born, he began by inviting all the people of color and negro slaves to join him, and an insurrection took place in November, 1790, in the Grande Riviere. The insurgents at first demanded nothing but freedom and equality; but their cause was ere long disgraced by crime. These, however are said not to be fairly attributable to their leader, but to his lieutenant Chavannes. Troops of the national guard and of the line being sent against the blacks, they were obliged to give way; and Ogé, with a few of his followers, took refuge in the Spanish territories. Here he tried before the superior council at Cape Franwas given up by the governor to the French, çais, and condemned, with his lieutenant, to be broken on the wheel. Ogé, on hearing this sentence, took a measure of black seed in his hand, and covered them with a few white grains: he then shook them together, and said to his judges, 'Where are the whites?'

OGIVE'.

OGEE', n. s. A sort of moulding in arSchitecture, consisting of a round and a hollow, almost in the form of an S, and is the same with what Vitruvius calls cima. Cima reversa is an ogee with the hollow downwards.

OGEECHEE, a river of Georgia, United States, which rises near the Apalachian Mountains, passes by Lexington, Louisville, and Georgetown, flows south-east nearly parallel with the Altamaha, into Ossabaw Sound, at Hardwick. Length 200 miles.

OGHAMS, a particular kind of steganography, or writing in cypher, practised by the Irish; of which there were three kinds: the first was composed of certain lines and marks, which derived their power from their situation and position, as they stand in relation to one principal line over or under which they are placed, or through which they are drawn; the principal line is horizontal, and serves for a rule or guide, whose upper part is called the left, and the under side the right: above, under, and through which line, the characters or marks are drawn, which stand in the place of vowels, consonants, diphthongs, and triphthongs. Some authors have doubted the existence of this species of writing in cypher, called ogham among the Irish; but several MSS. in this character still exist.

OGILBY (John), an eminent writer, born in or near Edinburgh, November 17th, 1600. His father having spent his estate, and being prisoner in the King's Bench, could contribute little to his education; however, he obtained some knowledge in the Latin grammar, and afterwards so much money as to procure his father's discharge from prison, and to bind himself an apprentice to a dancing-master in London; when, by his dexterity in his profession, he obtained money to buy out the remainder of his time, and to set up for himself. But, being afterwards appointed to dance in the duke of Buckingham's grand mask, he strained a vein in the inside of his leg,

I will make you ogle her all day, and sit up all night to write sonnets on her beauty. Sheridan. OGLETHORPE, a county in the north-west part of Georgia. Population 12,297. Chief town, Lexington.

which occasioned his being ever after somewhat lame. When Thomas earl of Strafford was made lord-lieutenant of Ireland he was enter tained as a dancing-master in his family, and made one of the earl's troop of guards; at which time he composed a humorous piece called the OGLETHORPE (James Edward), a British Character of a trooper. He was soon after ap- officer, of a very ancient family in Yorkshire, pointed master of the revels in Ireland, and born about 1698. He entered early into the built a theatre at Dublin. About the end of the army, and was made a captain-lieutenant in war in England, he left Ireland, and, being ship- the queen's grenadiers in 1715. He obtained wrecked, came to London in a necessitous con- the rank of colonel, August 25th, 1737; of majordition; but soon after walked to Cambridge, general, March 30th, 1745; lieutenant-general, where, being assisted by several scholars, he be- September 13th, 1747; and of general, February came so complete a master of the Latin tongue, 22d, 1765. He was elected M. P. for Haslethat in 1649 he published a translation of Vir- mere in Surrey in 1722, and continued to regil. He soon after learned Greek; and in 1660 present that borough till 1754. In 1729, finding published, in folio, a translation of Homer's a gentleman, whom he went to visit in the Fleet Iliad, with Annotations. In 1662 he went into prison, loaded with irons and otherwise barbaIreland, where he was made master of the revels rously used, he engaged in the philanthropic enby patent. He then built another theatre in quiry into the state of the jails, and was appointed Dublin, which cost him about £1000. He pub- chairman of the Committee of Enquiry by the lished at London, in folio, a translation of House of Commons. In 1732 he was appointed Homer's Odyssey, with Annotations; and after- governor of Georgia, in the settlement of which wards wrote two heroic poems, entitled the he engaged with that ardor which marked all his Ephesian Matron, and the Roman Slaves. He undertakings; and, after overcoming numberless next composed the Charolics, an epic poem, in difficulties, proved successful, though at the extwelve books, in honor of king Charles I., but pense of large sums of his private fortune, which, this was lost in the fire of London; when his it is said, were never repaid. In 1734 he rehouse in White Friars was burnt down, and his turned to England, and was chosen deputy whole fortune, except about £5, destroyed. He governor of the African Company; and in 1735 however, got his house rebuilt, set up a print- carried back with him to Georgia Messrs. John ing-office, was appointed cosmographer and geo- and Charles Wesley, with the pious intention of graphic printer, and printed several large works, instructing the Indians. Returning to England, translated or collected by himself and his assist- he raised a regiment, which he carried over to ants, particularly his Atlas. He died in 1676. Georgia in 1738. In 1740 he attacked the OGIVE, in architecture, an arch or branch of Spaniards, took two forts, and besieged St. Aua Gothie vault; which, instead of being circular, gustine, but without success. In 1742 the Spapasses diagonally from one angle to another and niards attacked the new settlement, but were reforms a cross with the other arches. The mid- pulsed. In 1745 he accompanied the duke of dle, where the ogives cross each other, is called Cumberland into Scotland, which was his last the key; being cut in form of a rose, or a cul de military expedition. In 1754 he married Elilampe. The members or mouldings of the zabeth Wright, an heiress, and spent the rest of ogives are called nerves, branches, or reins; and his life in easy retirement at her seat of Cranthe arches which separate the ogives, double ham Hall in Essex; where he died, June 30th, arches.

O'GLE, v. a. & n. s. Belgic oogh, ooghler ; Lat. oculus. To survey wistfully; regard with a kind of sly fondness; one who thus gazes at an object.

From their high scaffold with a trumpet cheek, And ogling all their audience, then they speak. Dryden.

If the female tongue will be in motion, why should it not be set to go right? Could they talk of the different aspects and conjunctions of planets, they need not be at the pains to comment upon oglings and clandestine marriages.

Addison.

Upon the disuse of the neck-piece, the tribe of oglers stared the fair sex in the neck rather than in the face. Id.

Jack was a prodigious ogler; he would ogle you the outside of his eye inward, and the white upward.

Arbuthnot.

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Where is there such an oglio or medley of various opinions in the world again, as those men entertain in their service, without any scruple as to the diversity of their sects and opinions? King Charles.

He that keeps an open house, should consider that there are oglios of guests, as well as of dishes, and that the liberty of a common table is as good as a tacit invitation to all sorts of intruders. L'Estrange.

OGLIO, a river of Austrian Italy, which has its source in the Alps, flows through the lake of Iseo, traverses the plains between the Brescian and the Cremonese, and joins the Po near Borgoforte, eight miles from Mantua. It is navigable in the lower part of its course to Ponte-vico, and receives in its progress the Cherio, the

Milla, the Chiese, and a number of smaller streams. It gave name to a department of the late kingdom of Italy.

OGYGIA, the island of Calypso (Homer); placed by Pliny in the Sinus Scylaceus, in the Ionian Sea, opposite to the promontory Lacinium; by Mela who calls it Eac, in the strait of Sicily: others place it at the promontory Circeium, and call it the island of Circa.

OH! interj. A note of pain, sorrow, or wonHe,

der.

Like a full acorned boar, a churning on,
Cryed oh! and mounted.

Shakspeare. Cymbeline.

Oh me! all the horse have got over the river, what shall we do? Walton's Angler.

My eyes confess it,

My every action speaks my heart aloud;
But oh the madness of my high attempt
Speaks louder yet! Dryden's Spanish Fryar.
Thomson.

Oh Sophonisba, Sophonisba, oh!

Oh! that the present hour would lend
Another despot of the kind

Such chains as his were sure to bind. Byron. Oh marked from birth, and nurtured for the skies, In youth with more than learning's wisdom wise. Canning.

OHETEROA, an island of the South Pacific, discovered by captain Cook, about twelve miles in circumference, without either harbour or anchorage. It has only a bay on the west coast, which is foul and rocky. The inhabitants are active and well made, of a dark brown complexion. Their clothing is of bark curiously colored some wear bonnets, adorned with feathers. It has no coral reef, and is in long. 150° 47′ W., lat. 22° 27′ S.

From

OHIO, a river of the United States, formed by the union of the Alleghany and the Monongahela, at Pittsburg. It separates Virginia and Kentucky on the south from the states of Ohio and Indiana, and the Illinois territory, on the north; and, after a W. S. W. course of 949 miles, joins the Mississippi, 193 miles below the Missouri, in long. 88° 58′ W., lat. 37° N. Pittsburg to its mouth, by a direct line, it is only 614 miles. The river varies in breadth from 400 to 1400 yards. At Cincinnati it is 534 yards, which may be regarded its mean breadth. It has an inland navigation. Its current is very gentle, and nowhere broken by any considerable falls, except at Louisville. The whole descent here, in two miles, is twenty-two feet and a half; but the current is not so broken but that boats have, in many instances, ascended the falls. A canal is contemplated around these falls.

The annual range from high to low water is upwards of fifty feet, and its extreme range about sixty feet. When lowest it may be forded in several places above Louisville. It is frozen over almost every winter near Pittsburg, and has been frozen about 400 miles below Pittsburg. The

navigation is generally suspended eight or ten weeks, during the winter, by floating ice. Its current, when at mean height, is estimated at three miles an hour; when very low, two miles. The river contains 100 islands, but there are none between the states of Ohio and Kentucky. Steam boats are now employed on this river with great advantage. The principal towns on the Ohio, below Pittsburg, are Steubenville, Wheeling, Marietta, Gallipolis, Maysville, Cincinnati, Louisville, and Jeffersonville.

The length of the Ohio, from Pittsburg to the Mississippi, as measured, according to its meanders, by captain Hutchins, is 1188 miles. But, according to the public surveys on the north bank, it is only 949 miles. The following table of distances is taken from Dr. Drake, and is founded chiefly on those surveys. This table differs considerably from that of Hutchins :

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ОнIо, one of the United States of North America, is bounded north by Michigan territory, east by Pennsylvania, south by the river Ohio, which separates it from Virginia and Kentucky, and west by Indiana. Long. 80° 35' to 84° 47' W., lat. 38° 30′ to 42° N.: 216 miles long, and 216 broad; containing 39,128 square miles. Population in 1800 45,365; in 1810 230,760; and in 1815 it was estimated at 324,070. The number of militia in 1816 was 49,427.

Columbus is the seat of government; but Cincinnati is much the largest town. The other most considerable towns are Chillicothe, Steubenville, Zanesville, Marietta, Dayton, New Lancaster, New Lisbon, St. Clairsville, Urbana, Lebanon, Circleville, and Gallipolis. There are besides a number of other flourishing towns.

The Counties, number of Towns, population for 1810, and 1815, and the Chief Towns are exhibited in the following Table.

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