orders; and even a bastard may enjoy them without any dispensation; nor does a second marriage disqualify. Orders, sacred, or major, are three; viz. those of deacon, priest, and bishop. The council of Trent forbids any person being admitted to the major orders, unless he be in peaceable possession of a benefice sufficient for a decent subsistence; allowing no ordinations on patrimonies or pensions, except where the bishop judges it for the service of the church. A person is said to be promoted to orders per saltum, when he has not before passed the inferior orders. The council of Constantinople forbids any bishop being ordained without passing all the degrees; yet church history records instances of bishops consecrated without having passed the order of priesthood; and Panormas thinks such an ordination valid.

OR'DINABLE, adj. Fr. ordinal; Lat. orOR'DINAL, adj. & n. s. dinale, ordino. Such OR'DINANCE, n. s. S as may be appointed: ordinal is marking or denoting order; thus first, second, and third, are ordinal numbers: also, as a noun substantive, a ritual of devotions; a book containing orders: ordinance is, rule; law; that which is ordained, commanded, or appointed used by Shakspeare for cannon. See ORDNANCE.

I have no woman suffisant certain
The chambres.to arrange in ordinance
After my lust.

Chaucer.

It seemeth hard to plant any sound ordinance, ot reduce them to a civil government; since all their ill customs are permitted unto them. Spenser.

Let Richard and Elizabeth,
The true succeeders of each royal house,
By God's fair ordinance conjoin together!
Shakspeare.

Caves and womby vaultages of France,
Shall chide your trespass and return your mock,
In second accent to his ordinance.

Id. There are seven Egyptian masters from whose slavery Christ hath delivered us. Sin, an accusing conscience, danger of God's wrath, tyranny of Satan, the curse of the law, Mosaical ceremonies, and human ordinances. Bp. Hall.

All the ways of economy God hath used toward a rational creature, to reduce mankind to that course of living which is most perfectly agreeable to our nature, and by the mercy of God ordinable to eternal

bliss.

Hammond.

Jeremy Taylor.

The instances of human ignorance were not only clear ones, but such as are not so ordinarily suspected. Glanville. It is sufficient that Moses have the ordinary credit of an historian given him. Tillotson.

There is nothing more ordinary than children's receiving into their minds propositions from their parents; which, being fastened by degrees, are at last, whether true or false, rivetted there. Locke.

Prayer ought to be more than ordinarily fervent and vigorous before the sacrament. South. Nothing is so modish as an agreeable negligence. In a word, good-breeding shows itself most, where Addison. to an ordinary eye it appears the least.

body of laws observed in the ordinary forms of jusThough in arbitrary governments there may be a tice, they are not sufficient to secure any rights to the people; because they may be dispensed with.

ld. Freeholder.

Through the want of a sincere intention of pleasing God in all our actions, we fall into such irregu

larities of life, as by the ordinary means of grace we should have power to avoid.

Law.

The standing ordinary means of conviction failing to influence them, it is not to be expected that any extraordinary means should be able to do it.

Atterbury. Springs and rivers do not derive the water which they ordinarily refund, from rain. Woodward.

You will wonder how such an ordinary fellow as Wood could get his majesty's broad seal. Swift. They reckon all their errors for accomplishments: and all the odd words they have picked up in a coffee-house, or a gaming ordinary, are produced as flowers of style. Swift.

ORDINARY, in common or canon law, denotes one who has ordinary or immediate jurisdiction in matters ecclesiastical in any place. In this sense archdeacons are ordinaries, but the appellation is most frequently applied to the bishop of the diocese, who has of course the ordinary ecclesiastical jurisdiction, and the collation to benefices within such diocese. There are some chapels, chapters, abbeys, &c., exempted from the jurisdiction of the ordinary. The archbishop is ordinary of the whole province, to visit, and receive appeals from the inferior judicatures. The Romish writers on canon law call the pope, by way of eminence, ordinary of ordinaries, since by the Lateran council he has taken the right of collating, by probation, to all benefices, in exclusion of the common collators.

ORDINARY, in naval language, denotes the establishment of persons employed by government to take charge of the ships of war, which are laid up in the several harbours adjacent to the royal dock-yards. These are principally composed of the warrant officers of the said ships, as the gunner, boatswain, carpenter, deputy purser, and cook, and three servants. There is besides a crew of laborers inrolled in the list of the ordinary, who pass from ship to ship occasionally, to pump, moor, remove, or clean them, whenever it is necessary. The term ordinary is also applied to the ships themselves: it is like wise used to distinguish the inferior sailors from the most expert and diligent. The latter are rated able on the navy books, and have £1. 4s. per month; whereas those who are rated ordinary have only 19s. per month.

ORDINARY OF NEWGATE is one who is attendant in ordinary upon the condemned malefactors in that prison, to prepare them for death. ORDINATE, v. a. & adj. ( Lat. ordinatus. ORDINATION, n. s. To appoint: regular; methodical; appointed: ordination, established order or method; act of investing with office or authority, particularly ecclesiastical office.

There, as a wedded man in his estat,
Liveth a lif blissful and ordinat,
Under the yoke of marriage ybound

Wel maye his herte injoye and blisse abounde.

Virtue and vice bave a natural ordination to the happiness and misery of life respectively. Norris. Though ordained by Arian bishops, his ordination was never questioned. Stillingfleet.

Ordinate figures are such as have all their sides and all their angles equal. Ray on the Creation.

St. Paul looks upon Titus as advanced to the dignity of a prime ruler of the church, and entrusted with a large diocese under the immediate government of their respective elders; and those deriving authority from his ordination. South.

ORDINATES, in geometry and conics, are lines drawn from any point of the circumference of an ellipsis, or other conic section, perpendicularly across the axis, to the other side. See CONIC SECTIONS.

In

ORDINATION is the act of initiating a person into the priesthood, by prayer and the laying on of hands. In episcopal churches it has always been esteemed the principal prerogative of bishops, and they still retain the function as a mark of spiritual sovereignty in their dioceses. Without ordination, no person can receive any benefice, parsonage, vicarage, &c. A person must be twenty-three years of age, or near it, before he can be ordained deacon, or have any share in the ministry; and full twenty-four before he can be ordained priest, and thus be permitted to administer the holy communion. A bishop, on the ordination of clergymen, is to examine them in the presence of the ministers, who, in the ordination of priests, but not of deacons, assist him at the imposition of hands; but this is only done as a mark of assent. case any crime, as drunkenness, perjury, forgery, &c., be alleged against any one that is to be ordained, either priest or deacon, the bishop ought to desist from ordaining him. The person to be ordained is to bring a testimonial of his life and doctrine to the bishop, and to give an account of his faith in Latin; and both priests and deacons are obliged to subscribe to the thirty-nine articles. The ordination of bishops is more properly and more commonly called consecration. In the ancient discipline there was no such thing as a vague and absolute ordination; but every one was to have a church, whereof he was to be ordained clerk or priest. In the twelfth century they grew more remiss, and ordained without any title or benefice. The council of Trent restored the ancient discipline, and appointed that none should be ordained but those who were provided of a benefice sufficient to subsist them. The council of Rome, in 744, orders that no ordinations shall be held except on the first, fourth, seventh, and tenth months. In England, by can. 31, ordination days are the four Sundays immediately following the Ember weeks being the second Sunday in Lent, Trinity Sunday, and the Sundays following the first Wednesday after September 14th, and December 13th. These are the stated times; but ordinations may take place at any other time, according to the discretion of the bishop, or circumstances of the case. Pope Alexander II. condemns ordination per saltum, as they call it; i. e. the leaping to a superior order without passing through the inferior. In the establishment of Scotland, where there are no bishops, the power of ordi

nation is lodged in the presbytery, and by the Independents in the suffrage of the people. ORD'NANCE, n. s. A contraction of ordinance, or from Fr. ordonnance. Great guns; can

non.

Have I not heard great ordnance in the field? And heaven's artillery thunder in the skies?

Shakspeare.

When a ship seels or rouls in foul weather, the breaking loose of ordnance is a thing very dangerous. Raleigh. Men have devised to imitate these instruments of death, and send forth deadly bullets out of a cloud of smoke, wherein yet, as there is much danger, so much uncertainty; but this God, that discharges his ordnance from heaven, directs every shot to a head, and can kill as easily as shoot. Bp. Hall. There are examples of wounded persons that have roared for anguish and torment at the discharge of ordnance, though at a very great distance. Bentley.

ORDNANCE BILLS, or ORDNANCE DEBENTURES, are bills issued by the board of ordnance on the treasurer of that office, for the payment of stores, &c. These are not payable at any certain time, and do not bear any interest, so that the discount upon them is often very high; but they are seldom much above two years in arrear.

ORDNANCE, OFFICE, or BOARD OF, an office kept within the tower of London, which superintends and disposes of all the arms, instruments, and utensils of war, both by sea and land, in all the magazines, garrisons, and forts in Great Britain. In ancient times, before the invention of guns, this office was supplied by officers under the following titles: the bowyer, the cross bowyer, the galeator or purveyor of helmets, the armourer, and the keeper of the tents; and in this state it continued till Henry VIII. placed it under the management of a master, a lieutenant, surveyor, &c. &c. Some improvements have been since made; and this very important branch is now under the direction of the master-general of the ordnance, having under him a lieutenantgeneral, a surveyor-general, a clerk, a storekeeper, a clerk of the deliveries, and a treasurer, with a very great number of inferior officers, employed in the Tower of London, at Woolwich, and in almost all the forts, garrisons, and principal ports in his majesty's dominions. The office of ordnance is divided into two distinct branches, the civil and the military; the latter being subordinate to, and under the authority of the former.

Master-general of the Ordnance is deemed the principal officer in the civil branch of the ordnance; yet he is always chosen from amongst the first generals in his majesty's service. His trust is very great, as in him is vested the sole power of storing all the military magazines in the king's dominions with proper munitions of war, and likewise to supply the royal navy with what they may need in his department; the parliament granting money for this purpose. He is colonel in chief of the royal regiment of artillery, and he is invested with a peculiar jurisdiction over all his majesty's engineers employed in the several fortifications in his majesty's dominions: to him they are all accountable for their proceedings, and from him they receive their particular orders and instructions, according to the directions and commands given by his majesty in council.

In enquiring for the details of the modern state and arrangements of this part of the public service, we find much has been effected in the way of retrenchment and reform from the time of lord Mulgrave to that of the duke of Wellington, and particularly under the auspices of the latter: but that the recent recommendations of the finance committee are likely to result in still more important alterations.

ORDOVICES, an ancient nation of Britons, occupying that country which is now called North Wales, and containing the counties of Montgomery, Merioneth, Caernarvon, Denbigh, and Flint. These Ordovices, or (as they are called by Tacitus) Ordeuices, are supposed to have been originally of the same tribe or nation with the Huicii of Warwickshire, who were under subjection to the Cornavii; but the Huicii of North Wales, being a free independent people, were called Ordh Huici, or the free Huicii. When invaded by the Romans they showed a courage worthy of their name, and fought with great bravery in defence of their freedom and independence. Though routed by the Roman general Ostorius, in conjunction with the Silures, they maintained the war for a considerable time, until at length they were subdued with great slaughter by the renowned Agricola. It was probably owing to the nature of the country, and to the vicinity of Diva, now Chester, where a whole legion was quartered, that the Romans had so few towns or stations in the territories of the Ordovices. Medialonum, mentioned by Ptolemy, was the capital of the nation, and was probably situated at Maywood, in Montgomeryshire. It was a place of some consideration in the Roman times, but was afterwards demolished by Edwin, king of Northumberland. Besides this, the Romans had a few other towns in this country; as Segontium, now Caernarvon; Conovium, now Conway; and Varæ, now Bodvary; which are all mentioned in the eleventh journey of Antoninus. The country of the Ordovices was comprehended in the Roman provinee, called Britannia Secunda.

ORDUNA, a town in the province of Biscay, Spain, situated in a pleasant valley, surrounded by lofty mountains. It is the chief place of a district, called the Four Towns, and here is one of the chief custom-houses for the examination of merchandise coming by land from France. Inhabitants 4000. Fifty-seven miles W.S.W. of St. Sebastian, and fifty-seven N. N. E. of Burgos.

OR'DURE, n.s. Fr. ord, ordure; Ital. ordura; Teut. ord, schord; from Lat. sordes.-Skinner. Dung; excrement; filth.

Gardeners with ordure hide those roots That shall first spring and be most delicate. Shakspeare. Working upon human ordure, and by long preparation rendering it odoriferous, he terms it zibetta occidentalis.

Browne.

We added fat pollutions of our own, T'encrease the steaming ordures of the stage. Dryden.

Renewed by ordure's sympathetic force, As oiled with magick juices for the course, Vigorous he rises.

Pope.