It required half a day's journey from Dehr to reach Ibrim, and, as there was nothing to interest them there, they returned to Dehr the same evening. The following is all that we are told of Ibrim. 'Not a vestige of life was seen about us; the destruction of brim by the Mamelukes, when they passed two years ago into Dongola, had been so complete that no solitary native was to be found wandering among its ruins; there was not even a date tree to be observed. The walls of the houses, which are in some places still standing, alone attest that it has once been inhabited. The population was partly carried off by the Mamelukes, and has partly removed to Dehr.'-p. 76.

At Dehr the only monument of antiquity is a temple or grotto, excavated in the solid rock; but at Amada, about an hour's journey from thence, on their return, they saw a fine temple which had been converted by the early Christians into a church; the painted figures that had been stuccoed over were in wonderful preservation. Below Sibhoi they fell in with their old acquaintance shekh Ibrahim (Mr. Burckhardt), whom they had left at Siout in good health and condition, and well dressed like a Turkish gentleman; he had now the appearance of a common Arab, looking very thin and miserable. He had been living, he said, for some time with the shekhs of the villages on lentils, bread, salt, and water, and was most happy to share a mutton chop with our travellers, though cut from a lean and half starved sheep, for which, however, they had paid the extravagant price of a dollar. Ibrahim then departed on his route to the southward.

At Dakki there is a fine and perfect temple, with the hieroglyphics in high relief. The height of the propylon is about fifty feet; its front ninety feet, and its depth at the base eighteen feet. The space between that and the temple forty-eight feet; the temple itself eighty-four feet in length, thirty in breadth, and twenty-four in height. Many Greek inscriptions are cut on the propylon, recording the devotion of those who visited these sacred buildings. Of these our travellers copied two. The first is—' I, Apollonius, the son of Apollonius, commander-in-chief of the province of Ombi, and of the district about Elephantina and Philæ, came and worshipped.'-The second- I, Callimachus, the son of Hermon, came with him and worshipped the same God, in the thirty-second year of the emperor-10' pretend not to determine. -the meaning of which they At Guerfeh Hassan, nine miles below Dakki, they found also an excavated temple that far surpassed any thing they had witnessed above or below Essouan, and was indeed a stupendous monument of the labor bestowed by the ancients on their places of devotion.' It consists of an area or outer court sixty-four feet in length, and thirty-six in breadth, having six columns on each side, to which are attached statues of priests. The passage into the temple, through a door six feet wide, is formed by three immense columns on each side, to which are attached colossal statues of priests (on pedestals three feet three inches high), each eighteen feet six inches in

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height; and whose splendid dresses had once been covered with paint and gold. There are three chambers of considerable size, and four smaller apartments. 'We found,' the travellers say, no inscription on this temple, which is a most astonishing monument of labor and ancient magnificence. The various apartments we explored, together with the statues that ornament them, are all hewn out of the living rock.' A similar magnificent though ruined structure was found at Kalaptshi.

The plain of Umbarakat is strewed with ruins. At Sardab and Debodé are also many interesting ruins which are briefly described. On the second arrival of our travellers at Phile they observed that it is impossible to behold the profusion of magnificent ruins with which this island abounds without feelings of admiration and astonishment:' at the same time it is avowed that the excavated temple of Guerfeh Hassan, and the ruins of Dakki and Kalaptshi, appeared to rival some of the finest specimens of Egyptian architecture.

During the whole of this interesting journey,' says Mr. Legh, we had found the natives universally civil, conducting us to the remains of antiquity without the least suspicion, and supplying us with whatever their scanty means would afford. It is true they viewed us with curiosity, and seemed astonished at our venturing among them; and at Kalaptshi they asked our guide, How dare these people come here? Do they not know that we have 500 muskets in our village, and that Douab cacheff has not the courage to come and levy contributions?'—p. 97.

He

Captain Light of the artillery followed a similar track with Mr. Legh to exactly the same point in Nubia, Ibrim; whence he returned down the hill, and examined the temple of Leboo, called Legh Sibhoi; and describes its avenues of sphinxes, its gigantic figures in altorelievo, its pilasters, and hieroglyphics. discovered at Ouffeddonnee the remains of a primitive Christian church, in the interior of which were many painted Greek inscriptions and figures of scriptural subjects. The ruins of a temple at Deboo are also minutely described. Captain Light thus sums up his observations on the natives of Nubia :- The people who occupy the shores of the Nile between Philæ and Ibrim are, for the most part, a distinct race from those of the north. The extent of the country is about 150 miles, which, according to my course on the Nile up and down, I conceive may be about 200 by water, and is estimated at much more by Mr. Hamilton and others. They are called by the Egyptians Goobli, meaning in Arabic the people of the south. My boatmen from Boolac applied Goobli generally to them all, but called those living about the cataracts Berber. Their color is black; but the change to it, in the progress from Cairo, does not occur all at once to the traveller, but by gradual alteration to the dusky hue from white. Their countenance approaches to that of a negro; thick lips, flattish nose and head, the body short, and bones slender: the leg bones have the curve observed in negroes: the hair is curled and black, but not woolly. Men of lighter complexion are found amongst

them; which may be accounted for by intermarriage with Arabs, or a descent from those followers of Selim the Second who were left here upon his conquest of the country. On the other hand, at Galabshee, the people seemed to have more of the negro than elsewhere; thicker lips, and hair more tufted, as well as a more savage disposition.

The Nubian language is different from the Arabic. The latter, as acquired from books and a teacher, had been of very little use to me in Egypt itself; but here not even the vulgar dialect of the Lower Nile would serve for common intercourse, except in that district extending from Dukkey to Deir, where the Nubian is lost, and Arabic prevails again: a curious circumstance; and, when considered with an observation of the lighter color of this people, leads to a belief of their being descended from Arabs. The Nubian, in speaking, gave me an idea of what I have heard of the clucking of Hottentots. It seems a succession of monosyllables, accompanied with a rise and fall of voice that is not disagreeable. I saw few traces among them of government, or law, or religion. They know no master, although the cachef claims a nominal command of the country: it extends no farther than sending his soldiers to collect their tax, or rent, called Mirri. The pasha of Egypt was named as sovereign in all transactions from Cairo to Assuan. Here, and beyond, as far as I went, the reigning sultan Mahmood was considered the sovereign; though the cachef's was evidently the power they feared the most. They look for redress of injuries to their own means of revenge, which, in cases of blood, extends from one generation to another, till blood is repaid by blood. On this account they are obliged to be ever on the watch and armed; and, in this manner, even their daily labors are carried on,-the very boys go armed. They profess to be the followers of Mahomet, though I rarely happened to observe any of their ritual observances of that religion. Once, upon my endeavouring to make some of them comprehend the benefit of obedience to the rules of justice for punishing offences, instead of pursuing the offender to death as they practised, they quoted the Koran to justify their requiring blood for blood. Their dress, for the men, is a linen smock, commonly brown, with red or darkcolored scull cap. A few wear turbans and slippers. The women have a brown robe thrown gracefully over their head and body, discovering the right arm and breast, and part of one thigh and leg. They are of good size and shape, but very ugly in the face. Their necks, arms, and ancles, are ornamented with beads or bone rings, and one nostril with a ring of bone or metal. Their hair is anointed with oil of cassia, of which every village has a small plantation. It is matted or plaited, as now seen in the heads of sphinxes and female figures of their ancient statues. I found one at Elephantina which might have been supposed their model. Their little children are naked. Girls wear round the waist an apron of strings of raw hide, and boys a girdle of linen. Their arms are knives or daggers, fastened to the back of the elbow or in the girdle, javelins, tomahawks, swords of Roman shape,

but longer, and slung behind them. Some have round shields of buffalo hide, and a few pistols and muskets are to be seen.'-pp. 93-97.

In January 1813 Mr. Burckhardt left Cairo on his first journey through Nubia, and returned to Assuan on the 30th of March, thirty-five days after setting out from this place, during which he only allowed himself a single half-day's rest at Derr. No opportunity offering of proceeding into Western Africa, he projected a second journey to the banks of the Atbara, or Astaboras, and from thence to Djidda or Moka, and to return by land along the eastern shore of the Red Sea to Cairo. The detailed account of this expedition, as far as Djidda on the Arabian coast of the Red Sea, forms the subject of the greater part of a volume of his travels now before us. In this journey he crossed that desert to the westward of Dongola by which Bruce returned from Abyssinia, and which has been described in such frightful terms by this enterprising traveller; but the dangers and the sufferings of Burckhardt were occasioned neither by the privations of the desert, nor its poisonous winds, nor its moving pillars of sand; but by his apparent poverty, which exposed him to every kind of insult from the wretches with whom he travelled. In fact he economised the means supplied to him by the African Association, until he had nearly defeated the objects for which he was employed. On the 24th February he left Assouan, on the first of these journeys in Nubia, with two dromedaries, and an Arab guide, a native of Nubia, for whose services he bargained as far as Derr, a journey of 140 miles, and for which one Spanish dollar was considered as ample payment. The Nubians of Assouan were, at the time of his departure, at war with their southern neighbours, on account of the latter having intercepted a vessel laden with dates belonging to a merchant of the former. In the scuffle a woman in a state of pregnancy had been killed by a stone. The southern party, to whom the deceased belonged, were now demanding from their enemies the debt of blood,' not only for the woman, but for the child also which she bore in her womb; and this dispute had not been adjusted on our traveller's return. Immediately beyond Assouan the mountains approach so near to the Nile as to leave scarcely the width of 100 yards of cultivable ground. Our traveller passed the first night with the shikh of Wady Debot (it may here be observed, once for all, that though the term wady generally means a river, it is used, along the borders of the Nile as far as Sennaar, for a valley, or ravine in the mountains). 'Here,' says Mr. Burckhardt, I first tasted the country dish-which, during a journey of five weeks, became my constant food

thin, unleavened, and slightly baked cakes of dhourra (holcus arundinaceus), served up with sweet or sour milk.'

The whole of the road to Derr, on the east bank of the river, is perfectly safe, provided the traveller be accompanied by a native. The people were every where curious and inquisitive. From Assouan to Dehymt the granite chain of mountains had been uninterrupted ; from the latter place to the second cataract at

Wady Halfa, the mountain next the river was sandstone, with the exception of some granite rocks above Tafa, extending as far as Kalabshé. At Gyrshé, two days' journey from Assouan, the plain between the river and the mountains is about a mile in width; it is a poor village, and two-thirds of the cottages were abandoned in consequence of the oppressions of the Mamelukes. At Korosko the shore widens, and a grove of date trees enlivens the banks of the Nile the whole way from hence to Ibrim. Groups of houses occur at every 100 yards; and as far as Derr the fields are as carefully cultivated as in any part of Egypt. At Derr Mr. Burckhardt alighted, as all travellers do, at the house of Hassan cachef, who enquired the object of his journey. Encouraged by the success of Messrs. Legh and Smelt, he replied that he had merely come on a tour of pleasure through Nubia, like the two gentlemen who had been at Derr before him; but his Turkish dress and manners, and his perfect knowledge of Arabic, created a suspicion in the bystanders that he was practising deception. His present to the cachef, though handsome under ordinary circumstances, appeared when contrasted with that which he had just received from Mr. Legh, to the value of about 1000 piastres, very insignificant and 'un-English.' Besides,' said Hassan, this gentleman proceeded only as far as Ibrìm; whereas you give me a few trifles, and wish to go even to the second cataract! But Burckhardt hinted that if he sent him back to Esnè, and the Beg was there informed of the little attention paid to his letter of recommendation, he might be induced to levy a contribution on the merchandise of the cachef's caravan then about proceeding to Egypt: and our traveller obtained leave to proceed to Sukkot.

As far as Derr he found the eastern bank of the Nile covered with the rich deposit of the river; whereas on the western side the sands of the desert impetuously swept the very brink of the river driven by the north-west winds which prevail during the winter and spring: it is in those places only, where the sandy torrent is arrested by the mountains, that the narrow plain admits of cultivation: the eastern shore is in consequence much more populous than the western. Not far from Derr our traveller noticed a temple of the most remote antiquity. It was hewn entirely out of the sand-stone rock with its pronaos, sekos or cella, and adyton; the gods of Egypt,' he observes, seem to have been worshipped here long before they were lodged in the gigantic temples of Karnac and Gorne, which are, to all appearance, the most ancient temples in Egypt.'

The Bedouin who accompanied our traveller was of that branch of the Ababde who pasture their cattle on the banks of the river and its islands from Derr to Dongola: they are very poor; mats of the leaves of palm-trees form their tents: they do not permit their women to intermarry with the Nubians; and they have through ages preserved the purity of their race. They pride themselves, and justly,' says our traveller, in the beauty of their girls.' They are an honest and hospitable people, and of a more kindly

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disposition than any of the other tribes of Nubia. The inhabitants of a small island near the village Ketta are thus described :- These people, who all speak Arabic as well as the Nouba language, are quite black, but have nothing of the negro features. The men generally go naked, except a rag twisted round their middle; the women have a coarse shirt thrown about them. Both sexes suffer the hair of the head to grow; they cut it above the neck, and twist it all over in thin ringlets, in a way similar to that of the Arab of Souakin, whose portrait is given by Mr. Salt in lord Valentia's Travels. Their hair is very thick, but not woolly; the men never comb it, but the women sometimes do; the latter wear on the back part of the head ringlets, or a small ornament made of mother of pearl and Venetian glass beads. Both men and women grease their head and neck with butter whenever they can afford it; this custom answers two purposes; it refreshes the skin heated by the sun, and keeps off vermin.'-p. 31.

The castle of Ibrîm and the inhabitants of its territory have an aga who is independent of the governors of Nubia, with whom they are often at war. They are of white complexion as compared with the Nubians, and still retain the features of their ancestors, the Bosnian soldiers who were sent to garrison Ibrim by Sultan Selym. In no part of the eastern world,' says Mr. Burckhardt, have I ever found property in such perfect security as in Ibrim. The inhabitants leave the dhourra in heaps on the field without a watch during the night; their cattle feed on the banks of the river without any one to tend them; and the best parts of their household furniture are left all night under the palm-trees around the dwelling.'-But he adds that the Nubians in general are free from the vice of pilfering;' and, what is more important, that 'travellers in Nubia have little to fear from the ill will of the peasants: it is the rapacious spirit of the governors that is to be dreaded.'

Near Wady Halfa is the second cataract of the Nile, whose noise was heard in the night at a considerable distance. This part of the river is described as very romantic: the banks, overgrown with large tamarisks, have a picturesque appearance amidst the black and green rocks, which, forming pools and lakes, expand the width of the river to more than two miles. Between this place and Sukkot the navigation is interrupted for about 100 miles by rapids, similar to that at Assouan: in some places, however, the river is tolerably free from rocks and islands; in these its bed is narrow, and its banks are high; near Mershed, Mr. Burckhardt says, 'I could throw a stone over to the opposite side.' At Wady Seras our traveller put up for the night at a hut of Kerrarish Arabs, who were watching the produce of a few cotton fields, and bean plantations. They had not tasted bread for the last two months. Burckhardt made them a present of some dhourra, on condition of their letting the women (who are seldom permitted to enjoy this luxury) partake of it with them; the latter immediately set to work to grind it between two granite stones; and the girls sat up eating and singing the whole night. The mountain

crossed by our traveller to the southward of Seras was of granite and quartz. The Arabs, who act as guides in these desolate mountains, have devised a singular mode of extorting presents from the traveller. They first beg a present; if refused, they collect a heap of sand, and, placing a stone at each extremity of it, they apprise the traveller that his tomb is made. Before he got out of this mountainous district Mr. Burckhardt had a practical proof of this custom: having refused to give any thing to one of these grave-diggers, the man set about making his sand-heap; upon this our traveller alighted and began another, observing, that as they were brethren, it was but just that they should be buried together.' The fellow laughed; and they mutually agreed to destroy each other's labors: on Burckhardt's remounting his horse, the disappointed Arab gravely observed from the koran, No mortal knows the spot upon earth where his grave shall be digged.' At Wady Okame the dominions of the governor of Sukkot begin, and the country opens out on each side of the river. Having a letter of recommendation from Hassen cachef to the governor of Sukkot, who resides at Kolbe, an island in the Nile, Mr. Burckhardt crossed over in a kind of ferry-boat called a ramous. It consists of the trunks of date trees loosely tied together, and worked by a paddle about four feet in length, forked at the upper extremity, and lashed to the raft by ropes of straw. Its close resemblance to those represented on the walls of the Egyptian temples shows that man, here at least, has not been an improving animal.

The district of Say begins at Aamara, on the plain of which are the ruins of a fine Egyptian temple. The shafts of six large columns of calcareous stone remain, being the only specimen to be met with of that material, those of Egypt being all of sandstone. Mr. Hamilton has observed, that the ancient Egyptians do not appear to have employed granite in any of their buildings in Upper Egypt, except in the obelisks and some few of their propyla." The castle of Say is built of alternate layers of stone and brick, on an island of the Nile, and, like Ibrim and Assouan, has its own aga, independent of the governors of Nubia; like these, too, its territories are inhabited by the descendants of Bosnian soldiers. Beyond Say, thick groves of date trees and numerous habitations crowded both banks of the river. The dates of Sukkot and Say are preferred to these of Ibrim, and are considered superior to all that grow on the banks of the Nile, from Sennaar down to Alexandria; they are of the largest kind, generally three inches in length.'

Burckhardt, on the 13th of March, reached the territory of Mahass, and passed several villages the houses of which were constructed of mats of palm-leaves. The castle of Tinareh had been seized by a rebel cousin of the king of Mahass, but having been besieged for several weeks by the two brothers Hosseyn and Mohammed cachefs, it had capitulated the evening preceding his arrival. He visited the camp of the latter, the son on the mother's side of a Darfur slave, but without any of that mildness which generally

characterises the negro countenance. He rolled his eyes at me,' says our traveller, like a madman, and, having drunk copiously of palm-wine at the castle, he was so intoxicated that he could hardly keep on his legs.' Goat skins of palmwine were brought in, and in the course of half an hour the whole camp was as drunk as their chief. Muskets succeeded; and a feu-de-joie was fired with ball in the hut where all were sitting. I must confess,' says Burckhardt, 'that at this moment I repented of having come to the camp. At length, however, the whole party dropped asleep, and a few hours brought the cachef to his senses, so that he could talk rationally. Buckhardt's situation, however, was not much improved. He was suspected of being an agent of the pasha of Egypt;-But,' said the cachef's Arabic secretary, at Mahass we spit at Mohammed Aly's beard, and cut off the heads of those who are enemies to the Mamelukes.'

'I was now,' says our traveller, 'without a friend or protector, in a country only two days and a half distant from the northern limits of Dongola, the newly conquered kingdom of the Mamelukes, against whose interests I was suspected to be acting, while the governors of Mahass supported them.' Under these circumstances he prudently determined to return; but the cachef abruptly ordered him to stay till next day. Burckhardt however expressed his anxiety to reach Derr as speedily as possible, and was dismissed with the usual mixture of insult and contempt.

At the village of Kolbe our traveller obtained a ramous for the baggage, and he and his guide swam the river at the tails of their camels, each beast having an inflated goat skin tied to its neck. He now availed himself of the opportunity of examining, in his way down, the hitherto undiscovered temple of Ipsambul. The six colossal figures in front he found to represent juvenile persons; they are placed in narrow recesses, three on each side of the entrance; their height from the ground to the knee is about six feet and a half. The spaces of the smooth rock between the niches are covered with hieroglyphics, as are also the walls of the apartments. This temple Mr. Burckhardt thinks to have been the model of that at Derr, but much anterior to it in point of time. On the side of the mountain facing the north, against which there was a vast accumulation of sand, and at a distance of about 200 yards from the temple, the upper parts were discovered of four immense colossal statues cut out of the living rock, all the other parts being buried beneath the sands, which are drifted here in torrents from the desert. The head of one of these statues was yet above the surface; and,' says our author, it has a most expressive youthful countenance, approaching nearer to the Grecian model of beauty than that of any ancient Egyptian figure I have seen; indeed, were it not for a thin oblong beard, it might well pass for a head of Pallas.'-'This statue,' he adds, measures seven yards across the shoulders, and cannot therefore, if in an upright posture, be less than sixty-five or seventy feet in height! the ear is one yard and four

inches in length.' Mr. Burckhardt conjectured, that if the sand could be cleared away, an immense temple would be discovered, to the entrance of which the four colossal figures served as ornaments, in the same manner as the six belonging to the neighbouring temple of Isis; and he concluded, from a hawk-headed figure surmounted by a globe, in the centre of the four statues, that this buried temple had been dedicated to Osiris. It was this conjecture that induced Belzoni to undertake the bold enterprize of uncovering it as far down as the doorway, which he effected, with the able assistance and personal exertions of captains Mangles and Irby, of the royal navy. Mr. Burckhardt does not hesitate to pronounce the works of Ipsambul to belong to the finest period of Egyptian sculp

ture.

The account given by Belzoni and his associates of these extraordinary temples, sculptured out of a whole mountain, induced Mr. Bankes to make a visit here in company with Mr. Salt, to explore these sacred recesses more minutely. For the fatigue and expense of this enterprise, and the exertions of a month in removing the sand, and excavating the rubbish, &c., they were amply rewarded by many new and brilliant discoveries; among the first of which must be reckoned that of a Greek inscription on the leg of one of the colossal statues which guards the entrance, recording the visit of Psammeticus (spelt YAMMATIXOI in the dative, and written in very ancient letters), which, from appearances, it was judged must have been engraved when the temple was already encumbered with sand.

This is probably,' says the Quarterly Review, 'the most ancient inscription that exists in any intelligible language, as Psammeticus died more than 600 years before Christ-more than 100 years before the conquest of Egypt by Cambyses the Persian-and nearly 200 years before the visit of Herodotus to that country. It is invaluable as an additional corroboration of the truth and accuracy of the Father of Profane History, from whom we learn that this Psammeticus was one of the twelve princes who ruled Egypt; that by the assistance of some Ionians and Carians-men of brass'-he subdued his eleven associates, and became sole sovereign of the country; that in return for this service they had lands assigned to them, and that they taught the Greek language to the Egyptian youth. This inscription is valuable,' adds the above writer, ' in another point of view, as it may assist, with the corresponding hieroglyphics, to decypher those mysterious characters; and it is peculiarly valuable as an undoubted specimen of the advanced state of the arts among the ancient Egyptians; for the temple of Ipsambul is said to contain the finest examples of sculpture, of painting, and of design, now existing either in Nubia or in Egypt. By a new and ingenious contrivance for giving light within the temple, Mr. Bankes made out the complete historical design on the wall of one of the chambers, in which, besides the usual delineations of fortresses, warchariots, &c., he observed three horsemen mounted without saddles, but with regular bridles.'

Belzoni's subsequent operations may be here briefly detailed. After eighteen days' hard labor he and his boat's crew arrived at the door-way of that temple, which Mr. Belzoni considers as the finest and most extensive excavation in Nubia, and one that can stand a competition with any in Egypt, except the tomb newly discovered in Beban-el-Molook.' As the temple of Ipsambul has, in all probability, been covered with sand 2000 years, or more, our readers will not be displeased with the description of it.

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From what we could perceive, at the first view, it was evidently a very large place; but our astonishment increased when we found it to be one of the most magnificent of temples, enriched with beautiful intaglios, painting, colossal figures, &c. We entered at first into a large pronaos, fifty-seven feet long and fifty-two wide, supported by two rows of square pillars, in a line from the front door to the door of the sekos. Each pillar has a figure, not unlike those at Medinet Aboo, finely executed, and very little injured by time. The tops of their turbans reach the ceiling, which is about thirty feet high; the pillars are five feet and a half square. Both these and the walls are covered with beautiful hieroglyphics, the style of which is somewhat superior, or at least bolder, than that of any others in Egypt, not only in workmanship, but also in the subjects. They exhibit battles, storming of castles, triumphs over the Ethiopians, sacrifices, &c. In some places is to be seen the same hero as at Medinet Aboo, but in a different posture. Some of the columns are much injured by the close and heated atmosphere, the temperature of which was so hot that the thermometer must have risen to above 130°. The second hall is about twenty-two feet high, thirty-seven wide, and twenty-five and a half long. It contains four pillars about four feet square: and the walls of this also are covered with fine hieroglyphics in pretty good preservation. Beyond this is a shorter chamber, thirty-seven feet wide, in which is the entrance into the sanctuary. At each end of this chamber is a door, leading into smaller chambers in the same direction with the sanctuary, each eight feet by seven. The sanctuary is twenty-three feet and a half long, and twelve feet wide. It contains a pedestal in the centre and at the end four colossal sitting figures, the heads of which are in good preservation, not having been injured by violence. On the right side of this great hall, entering into the temple, are two doors, at a short distance from each other, which lead into two long separate rooms, the first thirty-eight feet ten inches in length, and eleven feet five inches wide; the other forty-eight feet seven inches, by thirteen feet three. At the end of the first are several untinished hieroglyphics, of which some, though merely sketched, give fine ideas of their manner of drawing. At the lateral corners of the entrance into the second chamber from the great hall is a door, each of which leads into a small chamber twenty-two feet six inches long, and ten feet wide. Each of these rooms has two doors leading into two other chambers, forty-three feet in length, and ten feet eleven inches wide. There are two benches in them, apparently to sit on.