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money to lend, that they bid down one another. Many have then a hundred pounds; and one says-Take mine rather than another's, and you shall have it at four per cent." BOSWELL. "Does Lord Kames decide the question?" JOHNSON. "I think he leaves it as he found it." BOSWELL. "This must have been an extraordinary lady who instructed you, Sir. May I ask who she was?" JOHNSON." Molly Aston,7 Sir, the sister of those ladies with whom you dined at Lichfield.--I shall be at home to-morrow." BosWELL." Then let us dine by ourselves at the Mitre, to keep up the old custom, 'the custom of the manor,' custom of the Mitre." JOHNSON. "Sir, so it shall be."

On Saturday, May 9, we fulfilled our purpose of dining by ourselves at the Mitre, according to the old

7 Johnson had an extraordinary admiration of this lady, notwithstanding she was a violent Whig. In answer to her high-flown speeches for Liberty, he addressed to her the following Epigram, of which I presume to offer a translation:

"Liber ut esse velim, suasisti pulchra Maria,

"Ut maneam liber, pulchra Maria vale.”

Adieu, Maria! since you'd have me free :

For, who beholds thy charms, a slave must be.

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A correspondent of The Gentleman's Magazine,' who subscribes himself SCIOLUS, to whom I am indebted for several excellent remarks, observes, "The turn of Dr. Johnson's lines to Miss Aston, whose Whig principles he had been combating, appears to me to be taken from an ingenious epigram in the Menagiana,' (Vol. III. p. 376, edit. 1716,) on a young lady who appeared at a masquerade, habillé en Jesuite, during the fierce contentions of the followers of Molinos and Jansenius concerning free-will:

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"On s'etonne ici que Caliste
Ait pris l'habit de Moliniste.
Puisque cette jeune beauté
Ote a chacun sa liberté
N'est-ce pas une Janseniste?"

custom. There was, on these occasions, a little circumstance of kind attention to Mrs. Williams, which must not be omitted. Before coming out, and leaving her to dine alone, he gave her her choice of a chicken, a sweetbread, or any other little nice thing, which was carefully sent to her from the tavern ready-drest.

Our conversation to-day, I know not how, turned, I think, for the only time at any length, during our long acquaintance, upon the sensual intercourse between the sexes, the delight of which he ascribed chiefly to imagination. "Were it not for imagination, Sir, (said he,) a man would be as happy in the arms of a Chambermaid as of a Duchess. But such is the adventitious charm of fancy, that we find men who have violated the best principles of society, and ruined their fame and their fortune, that they might possess a woman of rank." It would not be proper to record the particulars of such a conversation in moments of unreserved frankness, when nobody was present on whom it could have any hurtful effect. That subject, when philosophically treated, may surely employ the mind in a curious discussion, and as innocently, as anatomy; provided that those who do treat it, keep clear of inflammatory incentives.

"From grave to gay, from lively to severe,"—we were soon engaged in very different speculation; humbly and reverently considering and wondering at the universal mystery of all things, as our imperfect faculties can now judge of them. "There are (said he) innumerable questions to which the inquisitive mind can in this state receive no answer: Why do you and I exist? Why was this world created? Since it was to be created, why was it not created sooner?"

On Sunday, May 10, I supped with him at Mr. Hoole's, with Sir Joshua Reynolds. I have neglected.

the memorial of this evening, so as to remember no more of it than two particulars; one that he strenuously opposed an argument by Sir Joshua, that virtue was preferable to vice, considering this life only; and that a man would be virtuous were it only to preserve his character; and that he expressed much wonder at the curious formation of the bat, a mouse with wings; saying, that it was almost as strange a thing in physiology, as if the fabulous dragon could be seen.

On Tuesday, May 12, I waited on the Earl of Marchmont, to know if his Lordship would favour Dr. Johnson with information concerning Pope, whose Life he was about to write. Johnson had not flattered himself with the hopes of receiving any civility from this nobleman; for he said to me, when I mentioned Lord Marchmont as one who could tell him a great deal about Pope," Sir, he will tell me nothing." I had the honour of being known to his Lordship, and applied to him of myself, without being commissioned by Johnson. His Lordship behaved in the most polite and obliging manner, promised to tell all he recollected about Pope, and was so very courteous as to say, "Tell Dr. Johnson I have a great respect for him, and am ready to shew it in any way I can. I am to be in the city to-morrow, and will call at his house as I return." His Lordship however asked, "Will he write the Lives of the Poets impartially? He was the first that brought Whig and Tory into a Dictionary. And what do you think of the definition of Excise? Do you know the history of his aversion to the word transpire ?" Then taking down the folio Dictionary, he shewed it with this censure on its secondary sense: "To escape from secrecy to notice; a sense lately innovated from France, without necessity." The truth was, Lord Bolingbroke, who left the Jacobites, first used it;

therefore it was to be condemned.

He should have

shewn what word would do for it, if it was unnecessary.' I afterwards put the question to Johnson: "Why, Sir, (said he,) get abroad." BOSWELL. "That, Sir, is using two words." JOHNSON. "Sir,

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there is no end of this. You may as well insist to have a word for old age.' BOSWELL." Well, Sir, Senectus." JOHNSON. " Nay, Sir, to insist always that there should be one word to express a thing in English, because there is one in another language, is to change the language.

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I availed myself of this opportunity to hear from his Lordship many particulars both of Pope and Lord Bolingbroke, which I have in writing.

I proposed to Lord Marchmont, that he should revise Johnson's Life of Pope: "So (said his Lordship) you would put me in a dangerous situation. knocked down Osborne, the bookseller."

You know he

Elated with the success of my spontaneous exertion to procure material and respectable aid to Johnson for his very favourite work," the Lives of the Poets," I hastened down to Mr. Thrale's at Streatham, where he now was, that I might insure his being at home next day; and after dinner, when I thought he would receive the good news in the best humour, I announced it eagerly: "I have been at work for you to-day, Sir. I have been with Lord Marchmont. He bade me tell you, he has a great respect for you, and will call on you to-morrow, at one o'clock, and communicate all he knows about Pope."-Here I paused, in full expectation that he would be pleased with this intelligence,. would praise my active merit, and would be alert to embrace such an offer from a nobleman. But whether I had shewn an over-exultation, which provoked his spleen, or whether he was seized with a suspicion that

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Į had obtruded him on Lord Marchmont, and humbled
him too much; or whether there was any thing more
than an unlucky fit of ill-humour, I know not; but to
my surprise, the result was,-JOHNSON." I shall not
be in town to-morrow. I don't care to know about
Pope." MRS. THRALE: (surprised as I was, and a
little angry.)
" I suppose, Sir, Mr. Boswell thought,
that as you are to write Pope's Life, you would wish
to know about him." JOHNSON." Wish! why yes.
If it rained knowledge, I'd hold out my hand; but I
would not give myself the trouble to go in quest of it.”
There was no arguing with him at the moment.
Some time afterwards he said, "Lord Marchmont will
call on me, and then I shall call on Lord Marchmont."
Mrs. Thrale was uneasy at his unaccountable caprice;
and told me, that if I did not take care to bring about
a meeting between Lord Marchmont and him, it would
never take place, which would be a great pity. I sent
a card to his Lordship, to be left at Johnson's house,
acquainting him, that Dr. Johnson could not be in town
next day, but would do himself the honour of waiting
on him at another time.-I give this account fairly, as
a specimen of that unhappy temper with which this
great and good man had occasionally to struggle, from
something morbid in his constitution. Let the most
censorious of my readers suppose himself to have a vio-
lent fit of the tooth-ach, or to have received a severe
stroke on the shin-bone, and when in such a state to be
asked a question; and if he has any candour, he will
not be surprised at the answers which Johnson some-
times gave in moments of irritation, which, let me
assure them, is exquisitely painful. But it must not be
erroneously supposed that he was, in the smallest de-
gree, careless concerning any work which he undertook,
or that he was generally thus peevish. It will be seen

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