HEARINGS BEFORE A 1. Congus. SUBCOMMITTEE OF THE EIGHTY-FIRST CONGRESS FIRST SESSION ON S. 1194 and S. 1196 BILLS TO PROTECT THE UNITED STATES AND SUBVERSIVE ACTIVITIES 93357 APRIL 29, MAY 4, 6, 18, 19, AND 20, AND JUNE 10, 1949 Printed for the use of the Committee on the Judiciary UNITED STATES WASHINGTON: 1949 C. B. Baldwin, secretary, Progressive Party. 215 175 Thomas G. Buchanan, Jr., legislative director, Civil Rights Congress, Rev. John Darr, Jr., Young Progressives of America, New York City. Clifford J. Durr, president, National Lawyers Guild, Washington... James F. Green, chairman, National Americanism Commission, the American Legion, Omaha, Nebr.......... Thomas E. Harris, assistant general counsel, Congress of Industrial Organizations, Washington, D. C... Mrs. Ada B. Jackson, Congress of American Women, New York City. Arnold Johnson, legislative director Communist Party, New York Winston McDaniel, student, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis.. Robert E. McLaughlin, national legislative director, AMVETS. Bernard Mintor, United Furniture Workers of America, Congress of Industrial Organizations, New York City. 156. 86 178 210 83 209 206 217 Text of bills, S. 1194 and S. 1196 Summary analysis and comparison of S. 1194 and S. 1196 Communism, what it is and how it operates. (Examples submitted by Newspaper clipping, the Washington Daily News, dated May 3, 1949. APPENDIXES The committee file contains scores of letters, telegrams, postals, and resolutions from individuals, labor groups, and citizen organizations, both in favor of and opposed to legislation which would control subversive activities. In the interest of conservation of space and printing costs, all the above mentioned material is not included in the printed hearings. It does, however, remain as part of the public records of the files of the committee, open to the scrutiny of interested 58 Page Statement of Harry See, national legislative representative, Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen, dated May 18, 1949. Library of Congress (Legislative Reference Service), entitled "Constitution- ality of H. R. 5852," similar legislation of the Eightieth Congress-- Benjamin C. Sigal, complete statement in opposition, representing Ameri- cans for Democratic Action and American Civil Liberties Union, dated Zachariah Chafee, Jr., professor of law, Harvard University, statement CONTROL OF SUBVERSIVE ACTIVITIES FRIDAY, APRIL 29, 1949 UNITED STATES SENATE, SUBCOMMITTEE OF THE COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY, Washington, D. C. The subcommittee met, pursuant to call, at 10:50 a. m., in room 424, Senate Office Building, Senator James O. Eastland (chairman of the subcommittee) presiding. Present: Senators Eastland, Miller, O'Conor, Ferguson, and Donnell. Also present: Robert Barnes Young and John Mathews, professional staff members. Senator EASTLAND. The committee will come to order. We have this morning met to begin hearings on S. 1194 and S. 1196, entitled bills "To protect the United States against un-American and subversive activities." Those bills will be placed in the record at this point. (The bills referred to follow:) [S. 1194, 81st Cong., 1st sess.] A BILL To protect the United States against certain un-American and subversive activities Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, SHORT TITLE SECTION 1. This Act may be cited as the "Subversive Activities Control Act, 1949." NECESSITY FOR LEGISLATION SEC. 2. As a result of evidence adduced before various committees of the Senate and House of Representatives, Congress hereby finds that (1) There exists a world Communist movement which, in its origins, its development, and its present practice, is a world-wide revolutionary political movement whose purpose it is, by treachery, deceit, infiltration into other groups (governmental and otherwise), expionage, sabotage, terrorism, and any other means deemed necessary, to establish a Communist totalitarian dictatorship in all the countries of the world through the medium of a single world-wide Communist political organization. (2) The establishment of a totalitatian dictatorship in any country results in the ruthless suppression of all opposition to the party in power, the complete subordination of the rights of individuals to the state, the denial of fundamental rights and liberties which are characteristic of a representative form of government, such as freedom of speech, of the press, of assembly, ana of religious worship, and results in the maintenance of control over the people through fear, terrorism. and brutality. (3) The system of government known as a totalitarian dictatorship is charac terized by the existence of a single political party, organized on a dictatorial basis, and by an identity between such party and its policies and the government and governmental policies of the country in which it exists, such identity being so close that the party and the government itself are for all practical purposes indistinguishable. 1 |