No. 3, Alden Partridge, U. S. Surveyor's Remarks on the formula for, and his method of, ascertaining heights by the barometer, accompanying his Report......... Page 103 No. 4, W. G. Hunter, U. S. Assistant Surveyor's Report of an Exploring Survey of the River Aliguash, accompanying A. Partridge's Report-D. 8, 9, 10 ................. 106 No. 5, Hiram Burnham, U. S. Assistant Surveyor's Report of a Survey of the Head Waters of Connecticut River in 1819, accompanying A. Partridge's Report-D. 11........ 110 (m) William F. Odell, H. B. M. Surveyor's Report of his Exploring Survey of some of the Head Waters of the Rivers Penobscot, Kennebec and St. John, in 1820....... .... 113 (n) Colin Campbell, H. B. M. Assistant Surveyor's Report of an Exploring Survey of the south western branch of the River Penobscot, accompanying W. F. Odell's Report .......... 116 (0) J. L. Tiarks, H. B. M. Astronomer's Report of an Exploring Survey of Lake Metis; a branch of Green River; and a branch of Tuladi River, in July and August, 1820-D. 15. 121 (p) Charles Loss, Jun. H. B. M. Assistant Surveyor's Report on the Sources of the River St. John, 1820-D. 20 124 (q) Thomas Carlile, H. B. M. Assistant Surveyor's Report of an Exploring Survey of the Head Waters of the Chaudière, Kennebec and Connecticut Rivers in 1820-D. 22.... 127 (r) J. L. Tiarks, H. B. M. Astronomer's Report of a Survey of the Head Waters of Connecticut River in October and November, 1820-D. 12 .... (s) Thomas Carlile, H. B. M. Assistant Surveyor's Report of Exploring Surveys of the Sources of the Rivers Ouelle, D. 24, and Du Loup, D. 26, in 1820-21 (t) Hiram Burnham, U. S. Surveyor's Report of Exploring Surveys of Lake Metis, a branch of Green River, D. 13; and a branch of Tuladi River, D. 14; as also his Report of Exploring Surveys of the Sources of the Rivers Ouelle, D. 23, and Du Loup, D. 25, in 1820-21 133 134 135 (u) J. M. Partridge, U. S. Assistant Surveyor's Report of an Exploring Survey of the Head Waters of the Chaudière, Kennebec, and Connecticut Rivers, in 1820-D. 21-No. 1, accompanying H. Burnham's Report................... (x) W. G. Hunter, U. S. Assistant Surveyor's Report on the Sources of the River St. John, 1820-D. 19.-No. 2, accompanying H. Burnham's Report ..... (y) N. H. Loring, U. S. Surveyor's Report of an Exploring Survey of some of the Head Waters of the Rivers Penobscot, Kennebec, and St. John, in 1820.-D. 16, 17 ..... 146 140 141 ....... No. 10. To the Commissioners appointed to settle the Boundaries between Appendix. Bouchette, Report, IN pursuance to the instructions received from the Board of Commissioners, dated Boston, 11th June, 1817, ordering John Johnson, Esq. Surveyor-Ge- Joseph neral on behalf of the United States, and myself, as Surveyor General ap- H. B. M. pointed on the part of His Britannic Majesty, to survey that part of the Surveyor's Boundary Line between the dominions of his said Majesty, and the United Filed May States, to that point of highlands lying due north from the source of the River 22d 1818. St. Croix, and designated in the Treaty of Peace of 1783, between the said two Powers, as the north-west angle of Nova Scotia; thence along the said highlands which divide those rivers that empty themselves into the river St. Lawrence, from those which fall into the Atlantic Ocean to the north-westernmost head of Connecticut River; thence along the middle of that river, to the 45° of north latitude. I accordingly proceeded, without delay, to St. John, New Brunswick, where I was joined by Colin Campbell, Esq. Assistant Surveyor, who had, by the directions of the Hon. Ward Chipman, Esq. engaged the chain bearers and axe-men for the surveying party; the provisions, stores, and camp equipage being also provided, and Mr. Johnson having arrived on the 3rd July, we were enabled to set out for Frederickton, in the steam boat, on the 9th, and from thence continued up the St. John, in batteaux, to the Meduxnikeag Creek, the place fixed upon as most contiguous and convenient for our general depot of stores and provisions, which were put in charge of Captain R. Smith, residing there, and who agreed to furnish us with such parts thereof, as would be wanted from time to time at the Line. On the 21st, the parties proceeded towards the Monument, by the Houlton Town Road, whilst I went up the creek with the Indians to explore the same, and joined the parties on the 23rd, three miles into the woods, as they were progressing towards their place of destination. On the 25th arrived at the Monument, at the source of the St. Croix, and established our camp on a rising ground, about five chains E. S. E. of the line, whilst Mr. Johnson selected another situation to the S. W. of it, a short distance from ours. From the 26th to the 31st I was attentively engaged in taking astronomical observations, and ascertaining the variation of the magnetic needle. Having calculated the transit of Polaris over the meridian, it proved to be an unfavourable and unpropitious time for observation. I therefore concluded to determine the variation by the eastern elongation of Polaris, and found by successive nights of observation, the variation to be 13° 46' 4" W. and 13° 46' 0" W. whilst Mr. Johnson, at his camp, made the variation by similar observations, 13° 46′ 0′′ W and 13° 56′ 0′′ W. making a difference between his latter observations and my own of 9′ 58′′, which afterwards proved to be a difference in the two instruments only; but the cause, from whence the difference arose, was not discovered until it was agreed by Mr. Johnson and myself to take joint azimuth observations. In the forenoon of the 31st I went down with Mr. Johnson, accompanied by the assistant surveyors, to finally examine the several marks and blazes on and about the old monument, which we found as follows, viz.: a cedar stake at the head of a small stream, marked ST. xviii. ST. south five feet two inches from which is a yellow birch tree, about eight inches in diameter, leaning to the east, hooped with iron, the easterly part of the top is cut off, and some P Joseph Appendix. other old marks, but no distinct letters; at the foot of said birch lies a cedar log in a N. E. and S. W. direction, hewed on the S. E. side, and marked 1797. SILVANUS SAWYER; 9 feet south of said birch is a fir blazed; 16 feet S. 34° E. of birch is a black ash blazed; 16 feet N. 40° W. of birch, is an old, cedar blazed, which has fallen down; 13 feet two inches north of birch is a fir tree, marked IY 1797, November 25th; 18 feet north of birch is a fir stub, marked I. C.; at 29 feet 10 inches north 10° east from the birch tree is a black ash tree, marked E. M. 1797; 10 feet east of which is a spruce tree, marked T. T. November 25th 1797; near which is a cedar spotted; about 14 feet east of said birch is a cedar lying down, on which is marked Joseph Blackby, November 25th. By an examination of the number of strata grown on the trees since the above said marks, it appears they were marked in the year 1797. In the afternoon of the same day, and in the presence of the assistant surveyors, chain bearers, and nearly the whole of both parties, we erected a new monument, or cedar post, where the old stake stood, in direction of the line, near the yellow birch tree, of 12 feet long, and 8 inches square, hewed, and the following inscriptions marked thereon, viz. New Brunswick, July 31st, 1817, in one line, on the east side, Col. Jos. Bouchette, H. B. M. SURV. GEN.; on the north side; in one line, Var. 13° 51′ 2′′ W. by one instrument, and 14° W. by the other: United States, July 31st, 1817, in one line, on the west side; and JOHN JOHNSON, U. S. SURVEYOR and S. GEN. VT. on the south side, in one line; and on each side thereof were placed large rocks, about 20 inches diameter, on which was inscribed NB. July 31st, 1817, JB. on the eastern side; and US. July 31st, 1817, JJ. on the western side, the whole surrounded by heaps of stones. On the 1st day of August, Mr. Johnson and I met at my camp, by appointment, to take azimuth observations for the final adjustment of the variation; and nine sets of corresponding altitudes having been taken with every possible degree of care and accuracy on our part, by a correct and well graduated theodolite, as constructed by Browning and Rust, London, of 71⁄2 inches diameter, the nonius showing 20", with vertical arc and telescope, we found the variation to be 13° 51' 2" by my instrument, and 14° by the south end of the needle of that of Mr. Johnson's, the former agreeing with the mean of the observations of the eastern elongation of Polaris; the variation of the magnetic needle was accordingly determined to be 13° 51' 2" W. and at the request of Mr. Johnson, 14° was also inscribed on the Boundary Post. The line was immediately departed for the purpose of employing the men of each party in cutting down the trees, and clearing the same; it was also prolonged some distance the next day. On the 4th we commenced the actual survey, and departed the meridional line with Dollond's improved theodolite, with vertical arc and telescope, and by staffs and plummets; Mr. Campbell's circumferenter was also placed upon the line, and gave the course by the needle, N. 13° 51′ 2′′ E. the course agreed upon, and N. 14° E. by that of Col. Turner's; we then extended the line to the one and a half mile ridge, opening the same 16 feet in width, and planting posts or stone boundaries at the distance of every mile, marking the number of miles thereon, with N B. JB. on the east side, and US. JJ. on the west. And in conformity to the second article of our instructions, we gave up the charge of the permanent line to the two assistant surveyors, with such directions and instructions as were deemed necessary for their guidance; then went to Houlton Town to make the previous arrrangements for the exploring survey, leaving my theodolite in charge of Mr. Campbell, to enable him and Col. Turner to continue the line until they were provided with another. From Parks' field, a fine elevated situation, and from which the country can be viewed to advantage, Mr. Johnson and I agreed to take azimuth observations, and the bearings of the principal range of highlands extending from Bouchette, Surveyor's Mars Hill to the Catahdin Mountain; the general course of which is N. N. E. Appendix. and S. S. W. and highly conspicuous for its height, and diversity of appearance, the land descending by gradual ridges and slopes towards the Houlton Joseph Town settlements, and producing altogether a lively and truly picturesque H. B. M. scenery on the 18th, we entered the woods, and commenced on the ex- Report. ploring line from the 4th mile-post; divided the parties, and proceeded on after passing Houlton Town, descended for some time in low swampy land, but ascended as we approached the banks of Meduxnekeag Creek, which are high and steep where the line intersects it; this river is extremely crooked, and, in many places, very rapid and shallow, containing numerous islands; it divides itself into two branches. Three miles east of the line, at which place there are falls of 14 feet 9 inches in height, and a portage of sixty rods: the settlements on this river, that connect with those on the Houlton road, are about 4 miles the river from the line; from thence, to the Presqu'Isle River, up the land generally ascends gradually until you approach the river; then the ascent is conspicuous: from the summit of the bank, I had an opportunity of viewing the face of the country, from the top of a tree, and discovered Mars Hill, bearing about N. 24° W. and a range of highlands stretching to the S. W. with other higher, but more distant objects in the rear: from the Presqu'Isle, which is bounded by high banks, the land rises considerably; but on approaching Mars Hill, you descend into a kind of valley, until you again ascend at the River Goosequick; then a most conspicuous ascent presents itself between this and River Des Chutes, which seems to appear as if it was connected with Mars Hill highlands, and only descends at the River Des Chutes, where we encamped, and took an observation of the transit of Polaris over the meridian, and found the variation to be 14° 45′ W. From the southern bank of this river, I had again an opportunity of climbing a tree, from the top of which, I took a view of the face of the country, discovered a conspicuous ridge of highlands, stretching in the direction of about N. N. W. and S. S. E. supposed distance eight or nine miles; took the bearing of the principal points thereof; from which ridge we actually ascended; and afterwards the land descended, by gradual slopes, towards the River Arestook, where we encamped on a delightful island, nearly connected with another, which I proposed to Mr. Johnson, should be called Commissioners' Islands; at this place we took azimuth observations, and the transit of Polaris over the meridian, determined the variation to be 15° 20′ W. on the 14th of September. Between this river and the River St. John, in the direction of the line, the land is extremely high, and more conspicuously so, between the 69th and 74th mile, which I consider to be the Great Fall ridge, and like most of the ridges we have intersected, directs its course towards the S.S. W. Intersected the River St. John on the 23d of September at the distance of 77 miles 25 chains and 10 links, then went down to the Great Falls with our respective parties; the men, as well as ourselves, were exhausted by fatigue, and were glad to have an opportunity of recruiting. On the 30th, we again proceeded on the line with twenty days provisions; from the River St. John, after having ascended its banks, and until we reached the 91st mile, the ascents and descents were not materially conspicuous; but we went over several pine ridges, and through several swamps; from the 91st mile the land generally ascended until we intersected a large stream, which we at first took to be the Grand River, but proved afterwards to be the river which empties itself close to the Great Falls on the River St. John; from that river, the land generally ascends to the Restigouche Portage, which we intersected at 97 miles 32 chains and 80 links. This portage leads from the little Wagansis, on the Grand River, to the Great Wagansis or south branch of the Restigouche; it is extremely crooked, six miles in length, and its general course is N. N. E. and S. S. W. but where it was intersected by the line, it bore N. 50° E. This part of the country is conspicuously high, and is the Appendix. summit of a range of highlands, which stretches towards the S. W. and another branch seems to detach itself at no considerable distance to the West, Joseph Bouchette, in a N. W. direction: the descent at the Wagansis, is steep, and sometimes H. B. M., descending alternately by gradual and steep ridges, a distance of 43 chains Surveyor's Report. at 99 miles, deviated from the course of the line, on a bearing, astronomically, N. 54° W. 4 chains, to the Great Wagansis or first branch of the waters of the Restigouche, where we ended the exploring survey. All which is respectfully submitted. JOS. BOUCHETTE, His Britannic Majesty's Surveyor-General, under the 5th Article of the Treaty of Ghent. Burlington, 21st. May, 1818. John To the Hon. W. C. Bradley, Esq. Agent on the part of the United States, under the 5th Article of the Treaty of Ghent. IN pursuance of instructions received from the Agent of His Britannic U. S. Sur- Majesty under the above said Article, and from yourself, I left my place of resiveyor's dence, in Burlington, Vermont, on the 23d day of June, 1817, arrived at Boston Filed May on the 25th, found that our men had all previously arrived; and on the 30th, 22d, 1818. Charles Turner, Jun. Esq. Assistant Surveyor, with 29 men and myself, sailed Report. for St. John, in the British Province of New Brunswick, where we arrived on the evening of the 4th of July. I immediately reported our arrival to the Hon. Ward Chipman, Esq. Agent on the part of His Britannic Majesty, who made speedy and proper arrangements for our reception. I found Col. Bouchette, Surveyor on the part of His Britannic Majesty, at St. John, and his Assistant, Colin Campbell, Esq. and men were also there. Some arrangements having been made for our business in the woods, on the 9th of July we proceeded up the River St. John in the steam boat, and arrived at Frederickton on the 10th, where we tarried until the 15th, to complete our arrangements for the woods, and to have boats prepared for transporting our provision up the river. On the said 15th July, the Assistant Surveyors and men proceeded up the river with the boats, and on the 16th Col. Bouchette and myself followed them in birch canoes, and on Saturday the 19th July we all arrived at the mouth of the Meduxnekeag River, where I stopped so much of my loading as was supposed to be necessary, and sent the remainder to the care of Capt. Richard Ketchum, three miles further up the St. John. On Monday the 21st July, we left the river, with baggage and provisions, and proceeded on the road to Houlton Plantation, until we came to a line running to the head or source of the St. Croix River, and forming the east line of the said Houlton Plantation. On the 22d the team with our provisions arrived at the line, but it being rainy, and Col. Bouchette, who, with the Indians, went up the Meduxnekeag River, not having arrived, we remained until Wednesday 23d, when, by agreement with Mr. Campbell, we proceeded at ten A. M. for the Monument, and at 12 o'clock of the 25th we arrived at the source of the River St. Croix, where we found in a swamp, at the commencement of the stream, a birch tree, round which was an iron hoop, about four feet to the north of which was a stake, marked "S. T. 1797," with a variety of other marks on the trees in the immediate vicinity. Col. Bouchette having overtaken us the day before, fixed his camp on the east, and I encamped on the west side of the St. Croix, on a convenient piece. of hard ground, nearly south, and not far distant from the Monument. I was prepared with a theodolite, made by Spencer, Browning and Rust, of London, |