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THE OFFICE REFERENCE NUMBER AND DATE GROUP.

461. The office reference number and date group consists of a four (or five) figure group, the first two (or three) figures of which designate an office or officer, the last two, the day of the month. The office reference number and date group is in reality the first group of the text and when used counts as one group in counting the total number of groups or words. The office reference number and date group is not to be coded except when appearing in the body of the

text.

THE TEXT.

462. The text comprises the communication itself, whether in plain language, code, or groups from a Signal Book.

THE TIME OF ORIGIN NUMBER.

463. The time of origin number consists of a four-figure group, the first two representing hours from midnight, the last two the minutes past the hour. The time of origin number is not to be coded except when appearing in the body of the text. The time of origin number is the last group of the text and is counted as one group in counting the total number of groups or words.

THE TIME OF RECEIPT.

464. The time of receipt is a four-figure group, the first two figures representing the hours past midnight, the last two the minutes past the hour. The time of receipt indicates the time a dispatch was received. It is of importance only in relayed dispatches and in locating delays in transmission. When the number of words or groups is stated in the prefix, this number does NOT include the time of receipt sign or time of receipt group.

END OF TRANSMISSION.

465. The end of transmission is indicated by the "finale" sign AR.

EXAMPLE.

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466. The following example is given to illustrate the various parts of a dispatch (flashing light method):

The Wyoming (B 32) has a code dispatch; "1721 ABCD EFGH 2013" received from the Texas (B 35) to transmit to the New York (B 34) addressed to or for further transmission to the New Mexico (B 40).

The proper position of the various procedure signs in a dispatch when their use is required, is indicated in the right-hand column.

Call...

Example of a dispatch.

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II.

Break..

"Z", and "L",

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467. Whatever system the commander in chief may use in addressing ships, such ships are in replying or repeating to use the same system unless it is clearly impracticable for them to do so. In systems using the flashing light, the exact system used, whether searchlight, yardarm blinker tube, will depend upon the importance of the signal or dispatch, the number of ships addressed, the distance the signal or dispatch must be transmitted, and conditions affecting visibility. The system selected should be the one which would interfere least with other signaling, yet sufficient to insure attracting attention promptly.

468. Any means of attracting attention may be used when it does not interfere with the purport of the signal or dispatch.

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469. All orders conveyed by signal or dispatch are to continue in force until they have been completely executed or until annulled or countermanded. Should it become necessary at any time to annul a signal during its transmission, or even while the signal execution is being displayed, it is merely necessary to send "N" (negative) as a general signal using a different system of transmission (or second blinker tube) following the prescribed procedure.

470. In calling out the letters and signs for the recorder, they are to be called out by their names, as "Boy" not "B," "Roger" not “R,” “Received sign" not "R.”

SIGNALS.

471. All signals are considered to emanate from the senior officer on board the ship of origin and to be addressed to the senior officer on board the ship to which they are addressed.

472. There are three principal methods of transmitting signals, viz: Flag hoist, flashing light, and radio. In addition, there are available several secondary methods; semaphore, wigwag, sound, pyrotechnic, etc.

473. In order to meet the requirements of each of the three principal methods of transmitting signals, each letter, numeral, and special sign has a name, a flag or pennant equivalent, and a dot and dash equivalent. In the case of the ten numerals (0 to 9) there are both flag and pennant equivalents in order to distinguish their use in signals proper and in "calls."

474. The procedure for the transmission of signals is prescribed in detail under the method to be used.

475. In transmitting signals by flashing light (or by other means employing the dot and dash characters) a decided pause should be made between repetitions of signals in order to avoid running the repetitions together, and thus causing the receiving unit to read a signal other than the one intended. For example, in sending the signal BCD. it should be sent BCD (decided pause) BCD (decided pause) BCD, etc., rather than BCDBCDBCD, etc., for in the latter case the receiving unit might possibly read the signal CDB or DBC (particularly if the first letter or first two letters were missed), thus reading a signal entirely different in meaning from the one being

sent.

DISPATCHES.

476. Unless otherwise indicated, all dispatches transmitted by visual methods are considered official and are considered to emanate from the senior officer on board the ship of origin and to be addressed to the senior officer on board the receiving unit. Therefore, no specific address or signature is required, except as noted in the following article.

477. Dispatches intended for the commanding officer of a ship, which is a flagship, shall be prefaced "To Shipsig." Similarly, dispatches from the commanding officer of a ship which is a flagship, shall be prefaced "From Shipsig."

478. Dispatches are identified by their "Office reference number and date group" and the "Time of origin number." In acknowledging a dispatch, it is referred to by "Office reference number and date group" (if used) and the "Time of origin number" as, "Y 0327

II 1751."

479. All dispatches shall be acted upon as received and require no "execute, "unless prefaced by the word "preparatory," in which case the "execute" must be transmitted later.

480. Dispatches which it is desired to have acknowledged should contain the procedure sign "Y" in the prefix. (See art. 446.)

481. The repetition of a dispatch or part of it by the sending ship will depend upon circumstances, number of ships addressed, number making "repeat" or "interrogatory, ," etc. As a rule, however, when a flagship is the transmitting ship, sending to a division or larger unit, it will not repeat for one or two ships; such ships will obtain the missing parts from the nearest ship which received it, preferably one of their own division.

482. Any dispatch in code, except as indicated in articles 411 and 414, is to be sent twice, i. e., immediately upon completion of the first transmission, the repeat sign IMI is to be made, and the complete dispatch again transmitted. (See example, art. 466.)

483. Any ship wishing to originate a dispatch to a division or larger unit should send it to the proper authority for further transmission to the division or larger unit concerned.

P. D. L. DISPATCHES.

484. For brevity, a dispatch which must be transmitted down a line or column ship by ship, and which concerns ships through which it passes, is designated as a "P. D. L." dispatch.

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