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shall be like them, in their essential nature and internal virtue; yet the more manifold will the counterfeits be, and the more will art and subtilty be exercised and displayed, in an exact imitation of the outward appearance. Thus there is the greatest danger of being cheated in buying medicines that are most excellent and sovereign, though it be most difficult to imitate them, with any thing of the like value and virtue, and their counterfeits are good for nothing when we have them. So it is with Christian virtues and graces; the subtilty of Satan, and men's deceitful hearts, are wont chiefly to be exercised in counterfeiting those that are in highest repute. So there are, perhaps, no graces that have more counterfeits than love and humility; these being virtues wherein the beauty of a true Christian does especially appear.

But with respect to love; it is plain from the Scripture, that persons may have a kind of religious love, and yet have no saving grace. Christ speaks of many professing Christians that have such love, whose love will not continue, and so shall fail of salvation: "And because iniquity shall abound, the love of many shall wax cold. But he that shall endure unto the end, the same shall be saved." Which latter words plainly show, that those spoken of before, whose love shall not endure to the end, but wax cold, should not be saved.

Persons may seem to have love to God and Christ, yea, to have very strong and violent affections of this nature, and yet have no grace. For this was evidently the case with many graceless Jews, such as cried Jesus up so high, following him day and night, without meat, drink, or sleep; such as said, "Lord,

I will follow thee whithersoever thou goest," and cried, "Hosanna to the son of David."*

The apostle seems to intimate, that there were many in his days who had a counterfeit love to Christ: "Grace be with all them that love our Lord Jesus Christ in sincerity." The last word, in the original, signifies in corruption; which shows, that the apostle was sensible that there were many who had a kind of love to Christ, whose love was not pure and spiritual.

So also Christian love to the people of God may be counterfeited. It is evident from the Scripture, that there may be strong affections of this kind without saving grace; as there were in the Galatians towards the apostle Paul, when they were ready to pluck out their eyes and give them to him; although the apostle expresses his fear that their affections were come to nothing, and that he had bestowed upon them labour in vain.

Agreeable to this, Mr. Stoddard observes, in his Guide to Christ, that some sinners have pangs of affection, and give an account, that they find a spirit of love to God, and of their aiming at the glory of God, having that which has a great resemblance of saving grace; and that sometimes their common affections are stronger than saving. And supposes, that sometimes natural men may have such violent pangs of false affection to God, that they may think themselves willing to be damned.-Pages 21, and 65.

CHAPTER VII.

Persons having Religious Affections of many kinds, accompanying one another, is not sufficient to determine whether they have any Gracious Affections or not.

THOUGH false religion is wont to be maimed and monstrous, and not to have that entireness and symmetry of parts which is to be seen in true religion; yet there may be a great variety of false affections together, that may resemble gracious affections.

It is evident that there are counterfeits of all kinds of gracious affections; as of love to God, and love to the brethren, as has been just now observed; so of godly sorrow for sin, as in Pharaoh, Saul, and Ahab, and the children of Israel in the wilderness:* and of the fear of God, as in the Samaritans, who feared the Lord, and served their own gods at the same time; and those enemies of God we read of, who, "through the greatness of God's power submit themselves to him," or, as it is in the Hebrew, "lie unto him;" that is, yield a counterfeit reverence and submission: so of a gracious gratitude, as in the children of Israel who sang praises at the Red Sea, and Naaman the Syrian, after his miraculous cure of his leprosy.

So of spiritual joy, as in the stony-ground hearers, and particularly many of John the Baptist's hearers.

• Exod. ix. 27. 1 Sam. xxiv. 16, 17. and xxvi. 21. 1 Kings xxi. 27. + Psalm lxvi. 2.

So of zeal, as in Jehu;* and in Paul before his conversion, and the unbelieving Jews. So graceless persons may have earnest religious desires, which may be like Balaam's desires, which he expresses under an extraordinary view that he had of the happy state of God's people, as distinguished from all the rest of the world. They may also have a strong hope of eternal life, as the Pharisees had.

And as men, while in a state of nature, are capable of resemblance of all kinds of religious affections, so nothing hinders but that they may have many of them together. And what appears in fact, does abundantly evince that it is very often so indeed. It seems commonly to be the case, that when false affections are raised high, many false affections attend each other. The multitude that attended Christ into Jerusalem, after that great miracle of raising Lazarus, seem to be moved with many religious affections at once, and all in a high degree. They seem to be filled with admiration, and there was a show of a high affection of love, and also of a great degree of reverence, in their laying their garments on the ground, for Christ to tread upon; and also of great gratitude to him, for the great and good works he had wrought, praising him with loud voices for his salvation; and earnest desires of the coming of God's kingdom, which they supposed Jesus was now about to set up; and showed great hopes and raised expectations of it, expecting it would immediately appear; and hence were filled with joy, by which they were

* 2 Kings x. 16. + Gal. i. 14. Phil. iii. 6.
Acts xxii. 3.

Rom. x. 2.

so animated in their acclamations, as to make the whole city ring with the noise of them; and appeared great in their zeal and forwardness to attend Jesus, and assist him without further delay, now in the time of the great feast of the passover, to set up his kingdom. And it is easy, from nature, and the nature of the affections, to give an account why, when one affection is raised very high, that it should excite others; especially if the affection which is raised high be that of counterfeit love, as it was in the multitude who cried "Hosanna." This will naturally draw many other affections after it. For, as was observed before, love is the chief of the affections, and, as it were, the fountain of them. Let us suppose a person who has been for some time in great exercise and terror through fear of hell, and his heart weakened with distress and fearful apprehensions, and the brink of despair, and is all at once delivered, by being firmly made to believe, through some delusion of Satan, that God has pardoned him, and accepts him as the object of his dear love, and promises him eternal life; or suppose, through some vision, or strong idea or imagination, suddenly excited in him, of a person with a beautiful countenance smiling on him, and with arms open, and with blood dropping down, which the person conceives to be Christ, without any other enlightening of the understanding, to give a view of the spiritual divine excellency of Christ and his fulness, and of the way of salvation revealed in the gospel; or perhaps by some voice or words, coming as if they were spoken to him, such as these, "Son, be of good cheer, thy sins be forgiven thee;" or, "Fear not, it is the Father's good

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