of the leaf of its host plant. (Fig. 50.). The adult is a grayishbrown moth (Fig. 51) with wings marked with white. There is a

FIG. 49.-Larva of the Cabbage Looper on a Cabbage Leaf, natural size.
(Author's illustration.)

characteristic U-shaped white mark near the center of the fore wing. This species has been noted as injurious only when tobacco is grown

FIG. 50-Pupa of the Cabbage Looper, about natural size.
(Author's illustration.)

near cabbage. Tobacco grown in kitchen gardens is often riddled. We noticed, also, a great deal of damage done to the first three or

FIG. 51.-Adult Female Cabbage Looper, enlarged.
(Author's illustration.)

four rows of tobacco in a field which had a row of cabbage along one side. In this case, however, the cabbage had been neglected and the Cabbage Looper had evidently been driven to the tobacco as a last

resort.

Control.

Preventives. It is quite evident from the statements made above that the tobacco farmer should avoid planting tobacco and cabbage close together. Or if it is necessary to plant the two close together, great care should be taken to see that the Cabbage Looper is kept under control on the cabbage by the use of arsenates.

Remedies. Either Paris green or arsenate of lead, as recommended for Horn Worms (page 30), may be used successfully against this pest.

Tree Crickets.'

(Order Orthoptera.)

ALSO KNOWN AS "WHITE FLY."

A light greenish grasshopper-like insect which eats round holes through the tobacco leaves between the main veins.

FIG. 52.-Adult Tree Cricket,"about natural size.
(Photograph by the author.)

The adult Tree Crickets resemble in a general way a small grasshopper. (Fig. 52.) They are light-green in color and the adults and nymphs frequently do considerable damage to tobacco, especially when it is growing near a thicket of brambles. The adult females lay their eggs in the stems of blackberries and raspberries and undoubtedly also in the stems of other plants growing in thickets. The adults themselves normally feed on soft-bodied insects which they find in

1Oecanthus spp.

such situations. It is for this reason that these insects are worse in fields near such places. The writer has seen tobacco planted in newgrounds which were surrounded on all sides by heavy growths of blackberries quite severely damaged by the nymph and adult Tree Crickets.

Control.

Preventives.-It is evident from what has been said above that Tree Crickets do not ordinarily frequent tobacco fields. It is only when tobacco fields are brought in close proximity to their native habitat that they do any appreciable amount of injury. It necessarily follows that all the method of control needed is to avoid such. situations.

Remedies.-Tobacco sprayed as recommended for Horn Worms (page 30) or Flea Bugs (page 35), with either of the arsenates, is entirely protected against these insects.

The Corn Root Worm.1

ALSO KNOWN AS "SPOTTED MELON BUG," "BUD WORM" and "Drill Worm."

(Order Coleoptera.)

This well-known enemy of corn and melons is sometimes found in injurious numbers in the tobacco field. The adult beetle eats small, irregular holes in the tobacco leaves.

This insect passes the winter in the adult stage and comes out the first warm days in spring, being one of the earliest insects noted in the springtime. It feeds upon practically any green vegetation that may come to its notice, being especially injurious at this time of year on melons. The adult beetle (Fig. 53) is about a third of an inch long,

yellowish-green in color, with twelve black spots on its wing covers. Just where the eggs are laid it is not known, but it seems quite probable that they are laid in small crevices in the ground near corn, which is the food of the larvæ. As soon as the larvæ hatch, they bore their way into the stalk of corn, often doing a great amount of damage in this way. The larvæ become full-grown in three or four weeks, when they change to pupa in the soil. The pupæ stay in the ground for about two weeks, when the adult These beetles soon pair, beetles emerge. and the eggs of the second generation are probably laid among coarse grasses and the larvæ probably live in the

FIG. 53.-Adult of the Corn Root
Worm, enlarged.

(Photograph by the author.)

'Diabrotica 12-punctata.

stalks, as there is no corn available at that season of the year. These larvæ, perhaps, become full-grown in three or four weeks, when they pupate, the adults emerging in the fall and pass the winter hidden in sheltered out-of-the-way places beneath sticks and stones, under the bark of trees, etc.

Control.

Preventives. From what has been stated above of the life-history of this pest, it would seem natural that this insect would be worse in tobacco which had followed corn or coarse-growing grasses. In case this insect ever becomes serious enough to be a real pest of tobacco, it would seem to be necessary to see that tobacco did not follow corn or any coarse-growing grass.

Remedies. Paris green or arsenate of lead as used against Horn Worms (page 30) and Flea Bugs (page 35) would be entirely ef fective against this pest, as the adult beetle is a chewing insect.

INSECT ENEMIES OF STORED TOBACCO.

Having considered the insect enemies of growing tobacco, we pass to those insects which injure the dry tobacco leaves in tobacco warehouses and the manufactured products in stores, etc. So far only two insects have been recorded as injuring stored tobacco in North Carolina. The first and most abundant of these is known as the Cigarette Beetle. The other, which is of much less importance as an insect enemy of stored tobacco, is known as the Drug Store Beetle.

FIG. 54.-Cigarette Beetle. (a) Larva; (b) pupa; (c) adult; (d) adult, side view (all enlarged). (After Chittenden, Bureau of Entomology, U. S. Dept. Agri., Bul. No. 4, n. s.)

Cigarette Beetle.1

(Order Coleoptera.)

This insect is so small that it usually escapes all notice until it has done a large amount of damage, when its fine powder-like castings usually betray its presence.

The adult beetle (Fig. 54 c and d) is about 1/8 of an inch long, uniform brown in color, with its body densely covered with fine hair.

1Lasioderma serricorne.

In general outline the adult beetle is rather robust and when viewed from the side has a rather peculiar appearance because the head is bent to nearly right angles to the body (Fig. 54d).

The larva (Fig. 54a) is about 1% of an inch long, white in color and densely covered with short hair.

The pupa (Fig. 54b) is also white in color, about the same length as the adult, and is encased in a delicate silken cocoon.

FIG. 55.-Work of the Cigarette Beetle on a Bundle of Fancy Wrappers, reduced.
(Photograph by the author.)

As this insect works in sheltered situations, it undoubtedly breeds throughout the year. Dr. Chittenden has succeeded in rearing a generation in 47 days, which would give us four or five generations annually.

Both the larvæ and adults feed upon a great variety of dried substances. They feed upon all kinds of tobacco, either the dried