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of the compass; so fixed as to throw the light from right ahead to two points abaft the beam on the port side; and of such a character as to be visible on a dark night, with a clear atmosphere, at a distance of at least two miles.

(d.) The said green and red side lights shall be fitted with inboard screens, projecting at least 3 feet forward from the light, so as to prevent these lights from being seen across the bow.

Lights for Steam Tugs.

IV. Steam ships, when towing other ships, shall carry two bright white mast-head lights vertically, in addition to their side lights, so as to distinguish them from other steam ships. Each of these mast-head lights shall be of the same construction and character as the mast-head lights which other steam ships are required to carry.

Lights for Sailing Ships.

V. Sailing ships under weigh, or being towed, shall carry the same lights as steam ships under weigh, with the exception of the white mast-head lights, which they shall never carry.

Exceptional Lights for small Sailing Vessels.

VI. Whenever, as in the case of small vessels during bad weather, the green and red lights cannot be fixed, these lights shall be kept on deck, on their respective sides of the vessel, ready for instant exhibition; and shall, on the approach of or to other vessels, be exhibited on their respective sides, in sufficient time to prevent collision, in such manner as to make them most visible, and so that the green light shall not be seen on the port side, nor the red light on the starboard side.

To make the use of these portable lights more certain and easy, the lanterns containing them shall each be painted outside with the colour of the light they respectively contain, and shall be provided with suitable screens.

Lights for Ships at Anchor.

VII. Ships, whether steam ships or sailing ships, when at anchor in roadsteads or fairways, shall exhibit, where it can best be seen, but at a height not exceeding 20 feet above the hull, a white light, in a globular lantern of 8 inches in diameter, and so constructed as to show a clear uniform and unbroken light visible all round the horizon, and at a distance of at least one mile.

Lights for Pilot Vessels.

VIII. Sailing pilot vessels shall not carry the lights required for other sailing vessels, but shall carry a white light at the mast

head, visible all round the horizon; and shall also exhibit a flare-ap light every 15 minutes.

Lights for Fishing Vessels and Boats.

IX. Open fishing boats and other open boats shall not be required to carry the side lights required for other vessels; but shall, if they do not carry such lights, carry a lantern having a green slide on the one side, and a red slide on the other side; and on the approach of or to other vessels, such lantern shall be exhibited in sufficient time to prevent collision, so that the green light shall not be seen on the port side, nor the red light on the starboard side.

Fishing vessels and open boats, when at anchor, or attached to their nets and stationary, shall exhibit a bright white light.

Fishing vessels and open boats shall, however, not be prevented from using a flare-up in addition, if considered expedient.

Rules concerning Fog Signals.-Fog Signals.

X. Whenever there is fog, whether by day or night, the fog signals described below shall be carried and used, and shall be sounded at least every 5 minutes; viz:

(a.) Steam ships under weigh shall use a steam whistle placed before the funnel, not less than S feet from the deck;

(b.) Sailing ships under weigh shall use a fog born;

(c.) Steam ships and sailing ships when not under weigh shall use a bell.

Steering and Sailing Rules.—Tico Sziling Ships Meeting.

XI. If two sailing ships are meeting end on, or nearly so, as to involve risk of collision, the helms of both shall be put to port, so that each may pass on the port side of the other.

Two Sailing Ships Crossing.

XII. When two sailing ships are crossing so as to involve risk of collision, then, if they have the wind on different sides, the ship with the wind on the port side shall keep out of the way of the ship with the wind on the starboard side; except in the case in which the ship with the wind on the port side is close hauled and the other ship free, in which case the latter ship shall keep out of the way; but if they have the wind on the same side, or if one of them has the wind aft, the ship which is to windward shall keep out of the way of the ship which is to leeward.

Tuco Ships under Steam Meeting.

XIII. If two ships under steam are meeting end on, or nearly

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end on, so as to involve risk of collision, the helms of both shall be put to port, so that each may pass on the port side of the other.

Two Ships under Steam Crossing.

XIV. If two ships under steam are crossing so as to involve risk of collision, the ship which has the other on her own starboard side shall keep out of the way of the other.

Sailing Ship and Ship under Steam.

XV. If two ships, one of which is a sailing ship and the other a steam-ship, are proceeding in such directions as to involve risk of collision, the steam ship shall keep out of the way of the sailing ship.

Ships under Steam to slacken Speed.

XVI. Every steam ship, when approaching another ship so as to involve risk of collision, shall slacken her speed, or, if necessary, stop and reverse; and every steam ship shall, when in a fog, go at a moderate speed.

Vessels overtaking other Vessels.

XVII. Every vessel overtaking any other vessel shall keep out of the way of the said last-mentioned vessel.

Construction of Articles XII, XIV, XV, and XVII.

XVIII. Where by the above rules one of two ships is to keep out of the way, the other shall keep her course, subject to the qualifications contained in the following Article.

Proviso to save special cases.

XIX. In obeying and construing these rules, due regard must be had to all dangers of navigation; and due regard must also be had to any special circumstances which may exist in any particular case rendering a departure from the above rules necessary in order to avoid immediate danger.

No Ship, under any circumstances, to neglect proper precautions.

XX. Nothing in these rules shall exonerate any ship, or the owner, or master, or crew thereof, from the consequences of any neglect to carry lights or signals, or of any neglect to keep a proper look-out, or of the neglect of any precaution which may be required by the ordinary practice of seamen, or by the special circumstances of the case.

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BRITISH ORDER IN COUNCIL, declaring the Regulations appended to the Order in Council of January 9, 1863, respecting Collisions at Sea, to be applicable to the Ships of various Foreign Countries.*-Windsor, April 28, 1863.†

At the Court at Windsor, the 28th day of April, 1863.
PRESENT,

THE QUEEN'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY IN COUNCIL.

WHEREAS the rules and practice observed for the purpose of preventing collisions at sea, which were formerly adopted by maritime nations, have proved insufficient to satisfy the requirements of modern navigation; and whereas various alterations in such rules and practice have from time to time been made by different nations, but the rules so altered have been found to be in some cases inconsistent with each other, and in other cases to have the force of municipal law only; and whereas certain regulations for the purpose aforesaid have been sanctioned by the "Merchant Shipping Act Amendment Act, 1862," [cap. 63], and are contained in Table C in the Schedule to that Act. And whereas the said regulations have, in pursuance of the provisions in the said Act contained, been modified by an Order in Council, bearing date the 9th day of January, 1863, and the said regulations so modified, are appended to the said Order and to this Order. And whereas, by virtue of the said Act, and of the said Order, the said regulations so appended, as aforesaid, will, so far as relates to British and French ships, and also so far as relates to other foreign ships when within British jurisdiction, come into operation on the 1st day of June, 1863. And whereas it is provided by the same Act, that whenever it is made to appear to Her Majesty that the Government of any foreign. country is willing that the regulations for preventing collision, contained in Table C in the Schedule to the said Act, or such other regulations for preventing collision as are, for the time being, in force under the said Act should apply to the ships of such country when beyond the limits of British jurisdiction. Her Majesty may, by Order in Council, direct that such regulations shall apply to the ships of the said foreign country, whether within British jurisdiction or not: And it is further provided by the said Act that whenever an Order in Council has been issued applying any regulation made by or in pursuance of the said Act to the ships of any foreign country, such ships shall in all cases arising in any British court be deemed to be subject to such regulation, and shall for the purpose of such regulation be treated as if they were British ships; and whereas it ondon Gazette," of May 1, 1863.

* Page 338.

has been made to appear to Her Majesty that the following Governments, that is to say:

The Government of His Majesty the Emperor of Austria;
The Government of His Majesty the King of the Belgians;
The Government of His Majesty the King of Hanover;
The Government of His Majesty the King of Hayti;
The Government of His Majesty the King of Italy;

The Government of His Royal Highness the Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin;

The Government of His Royal Highness the Grand Duke of Oldenburg;

The Government of His Majesty the King of Portugal;

The Government of His Majesty the King of Prussia;

Are willing that the said regulations appended to the said Order, and to this Order, should, on and after the 1st day of June, 1863, apply to ships belonging to their respective countries when beyond the limits of British jurisdiction;

Now, therefore, Her Majesty, by virtue of the power vested in her by the said recited Act, and by and with the advice of Her Privy Council, is pleased to direct:

That the said regulations appended to the said Order in Council, bearing date the 9th day of January, 1863, and to this Order, shall, on and after the said 1st day of June, 1863, apply to ships belonging to the following countries; that is to say:-Austria, Belgium, Hanover, Hayti, Italy, Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Oldenburg, Portugal, Prussia, whether within British jurisdiction or not.

REGULATIONS REFERRED TO IN THE FOREGOING Order.
Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea.
CONTENTS.

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ART. I. In the following rules every steam ship which is under sail and not under steam is to be considered a sailing ship; and

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