Medical Schools.

Harvard Medical School.

Boylston and Exeter Streets, Boston.

Three professorships of medicine were established at the University in the years 1782 and 1783. The first degrees in medicine were conferred in 1788. Before 1811, the degree conferred upon graduates of the School was that of Bachelor of Medicine; beginning with 1811, the degree has been Doctor of Medicine. In 1810, the lectures given in medicine were transferred from Cambridge to Boston, where the first medical college was built in 1815. The course of study required in this School for the degree of M. D. is of four years' duration. This requirement was established at the beginning of the year 1892-93.

The academic year begins on the Thursday following the last Wednesday in September and ends on the last Wednesday in June. In order that the time of study shall count as a full year, students of all classes must present themselves within the first week of the school year and register their names with the secretary.

ADMISSION OF STUDENTS.

Candidates for admission to this School must present a degree in arts, literature, philosophy or science from a recognized college or scientific school, with the exception of such persons, of suitable age and attainments, as may be admitted by a special vote of the Administrative Board in each case. The exception referred to applies only to men who have practically finished a required course for a degree, but for some good and sufficient reason, such, for instance, as wishing to graduate with their class, prefer waiting until a later period for graduation; or to men who, without such a degree, have acquired an equivalent education and training sufficient to enable them to profit by the instruction offered in the School.

All candidates, whether presenting a degree or not, are required to satisfy the Faculty that they have had a course in theoretical and descriptive (inorganic) chemistry and qualitative analysis sufficient to fit them to pursue the courses in chemistry given at the Medical School; or, failing in this, to pass an examination in general chemistry and qualitative analysis. Students who are unable to fulfil either of these requirements may enter conditioned in chemistry; but no student will be permitted to take part in any exercise of the third class, or to present himself for examination in the subjects of that class, until deficiencies in general chemistry and qualitative analysis have been made up.

The admission examination in general chemistry (at which time also the note-books in qualitative analysis must be handed in) is held at the Medical School, 688 Boylston Street, Boston, at 12 o'clock noon on the Thursday following the last Wednesday in June, and on the last Wednesday in September. The examination is conducted in writing. Specimen examination papers may be found in the Medical School catalogues.

Applicants for admission to the Medical School who have studied three years in recognized colleges, technical or scientific schools, in which courses in human anatomy, physiology, histology, and physiological chemistry are a part of the instruction, may be admitted to advanced standing, provided they pass an examination in these subjects and possess the other requirements for admission.

A graduate of another medical school of recognized standing may obtain the degree of M. D. at this University, after a year's study in the undergraduate course, passing all examinations required in the full undergraduate course, and fulfilling all requirements for admission. These examinations may be taken only at the times set for the regular examinations in September, February (mid-year examinations), and June.

DIVISION OF STUDENTS.

Students are divided into four classes according to their time of study and proficiency. No student may advance with his class, or be admitted to advanced standing, until he has passed the required examinations in the studies of the previous year, or a majority of

them; nor may he become a member of the third class, until he has passed all the examinations of the first, including the admission examinations in chemistry, and in addition a majority of those of the second year; nor of the fourth class, until he has passed all the examinations of the first and second years, in addition to a majority of those of the third year.

No student will be permitted to continue his membership in the School, if at the beginning of his second year he has passed none of the first-year examinations.

In order that the time of study shall count as a full year, students of all classes must present themselves within the first week of the School year and register their names with the secretary.

Students who began their professional studies in other recognized medical schools may be admitted to advanced standing; but all persons who apply for admission to the advanced classes must furnish a satisfactory certificate of time spent in medical studies, and must pass examinations in the branches already pursued by the class to which they seek admission, and fulfil all other requirements for admission.

Any student may obtain a certificate of his period of connection with the School. The fees are: For matriculation, five dollars; for the first three years, two hundred dollars for each year (if in two payments, at the first, one hundred and twenty dollars; at the second, eighty dollars); for a half-year alone, one hundred and twenty dollars; for the full year, to all students entitled to be classified as fourth-year students and who have been regular members of the School for three full years, one hundred dollars (if in two payments, at the first, sixty dollars; at the second, forty dollars); for graduation, thirty dollars. Students entering the School after the academic year 1902-03 shall pay a fee of two hundred dollars for the fourth year and be exempt from a graduation fee, besides a few incidental fees.

Students who do not pay in advance are required to file with the Bursar a bond for three hundred dollars, executed by two sufficient bondsmen (one of whom must be a citizen of the United States), or by a surety company qualified to do business in Massachu

setts.

EXAMINATIONS.

The final examination in every required subject is held at the close either of the first or of the second term of the school year. The examination, therefore, in every subject occurs once a year, but an opportunity to make up failures in examinations is offered at the opening of the school year. The examination in certain studies of the first and fourth years is held at mid-year only, and is for those who are members of the School at the time, ånd for those entitled to apply for the degree, provided they have failed previously in those subjects. The June examination is only for those who are members of the School at the time, and for those entitled to apply for the degree. The September examination is only for those who have been examined previously and have failed in the subject of the examination, or for applicants for advanced standing. In some subjects a portion of the examination consists of practical work in the laboratory.

The exercises of the first, second and fourth years are omitted during the week of the mid-year examinations.

The amount of time credited to each examination is as follows:

First year. Anatomy (4 hours), Histology (1 hour), Physiology (3 hours), Physiological and Pathological Chemistry (3 hours).

Second year. Bacteriology (1 hour), Pathology (2 hours written, I hour practical), Anatomy (2 hours), Clinical Chemistry (2 hours), Materia Medica and Therapeutics (2 hours).

Third year. Theory and Practice (3 hours), Pediatrics (2 hours), Surgery (2 hours written, 1 hour practical), Obstetrics (3 hours), Gynecology (1 hour), Dermatology (1 hour), Neurology (1 hour), Psychiatry (1 hour). Fourth year. Clinical Medicine (3 hours), Clinical Surgery (3 hours), Orthopedics (1 hour), Syphilis (1 hour), Ophthalmology (1 hour), Otology (1 hour), Laryngology (1 hour), Legal Medicine (1 hour), Hygiene (1 hour).

Electives. Anatomy (2 hours), Advanced Histology (2 hours), Histology of the Nervous System (2 hours), Embryology (2 hours), Physiology (2 hours), Physiological Chemistry (2 hours), Clinical Chemistry (1 hour), Bacteriology (2 hours), Comparative Etiology of Infectious Diseases (1 hour), Clinical Microscopy (1 hour), Operative Surgery (1 hour), Orthopedics (2 hours), Operative Obstetrics (1 hour), Gynecology (2 hours), Dermatology (2 hours), Neurology (3 hours), Ophthalmology (practical, 1 hour, written, 1 hour), Otology (2 hours), Hygiene (2 hours).

In addition to the above examinations every student is required:

To dissect the three parts of the body to the satisfaction of the demonstrator;

To present a satisfactory report of the analysis of a specimen of urine, and of the clinical examination of a specimen of blood;

To examine and report on a case of fracture and on two other clinical cases in surgery, and to receive practical instruction in anesthesia;

To work in medical out-patient departments during a period not exceeding four weeks,

and to make a full written report on one or more medical cases;

To receive instruction in sections in selected subjects in minor surgery for one hour a day for six weeks in surgical out-patient departments, and a major surgery for three hours each week for six weeks in the wards of a hospital;

To take charge of and report on six cases in obstetrics, and to receive instruction on at least one of them;

To furnish satisfactory evidence of having engaged in the practical exercises in theory and practice;

To report a clinical case in each of the electives, orthopedic surgery and ophthalmology, if elected.

In the fourth year, three hours of examinations in electives are obligatory. The choice of electives must be made within the first week of the school year, and must be given to the secretary in writing on blanks furnished at the Dean's office.

The general elective courses are open to all members of the fourth class who elect them with the intention of taking the examination.

The examinations in the required courses in orthopedic surgery, ophthalmology and otology cannot be taken by those who choose electives in these subjects. Instead, there is a two-hour examination in the elective, of which one hour is considered equivalent to the examination in the required course, and the other counts as a one-hour elective.

The examination in elective ophthalmology will be clinical, and include the written report of a case.

Candidates for the degree who have served satisfactorily as Internes in the Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston City Hospital, Carney Hospital, Children's Hospital, and State Almshouse Hospital, for a period of not less than one year, may be exempt from examination in the electives of the fourth year.

No student is allowed to anticipate the examinations in the regular course of studies of his year, except by special permission of the Faculty, nor shall an undergraduate in medicine be allowed to take the examination in advanced (2d year) anatomy until he shall have passed the examination in elementary (1st year) anatomy.

After two failures to pass in any subject, a charge of three dollars is made for each subsequent examination in that subject.

COURSES OF STUDY FOR GRADUATES.

The Faculty has arranged, for graduates of recognized medical schools, an improved plan of instruction, embracing nearly all the branches of practical and scientific medicine. It is designed to supply good opportunities for clinical and laboratory study.

Instructors in the Medical School are members of the medical and surgical staffs of the principal hospitals of Boston and students are admitted to these hospitals under their immediate supervision.

Instruction in the graduate courses is, with but few exceptions, entirely distinct from that of the undergraduate department of the School; but students of the former are admitted also to all the regular lectures (not clinical) of the latter, without extra charge, during their connection with the School.

Instruction is conducted in small classes and under the personal direction of the heads of departments.

Instruction is given throughout the academic year, October to June.

A certificate of attendance will be furnished, if desired.

FEES.

The fees for the separate courses in the several departments vary from five dollars to one hundred and twenty-five dollars.

An extra fee is required for the use of material in laboratory, dissecting, and operative

courses.

Graduates seeking admission to any of the graduate courses must first register their names at the Dean's office at the Medical School, where all fees are payable, and obtain a receipt to be shown at the first exercise.

For further information and full description of the courses and lectures for graduates, address Dr. William L. Richardson, Dean, Harvard Medical School, 688 Boylston Street, Boston, Mass.

SUMMER COURSES OF INSTRUCTION.

During the summer of 1903, courses in many branches of practical and scientific medicine will be given by teachers in the School. These courses will be clinical in character and will be given at the hospitals and dispensaries by the physicians and surgeons on duty. Practical instruction will also be given in several of the laboratories of the School by the instructors in charge. These courses are open only to graduate and undergraduate students of medical schools recognized by the Faculty of Medicine, and to such others as the Dean of the Faculty approves.

PRIZES.

Boylston Medical Prize: These prizes, which are open to public competition, are offered annually for the best dissertations on questions in medical science proposed by the Boylston Medical Committee.

At the annual meeting held in Boston in 1902 a prize was awarded to Robert L. Randolph, M. D., of Baltimore, Md., for an essay entitled "The Role of the Toxins in Inflammations of the Eye."

For 1903 two prizes were offered: I. A prize of seventy-five dollars for the best dissertation on "The results of Original Work in Anatomy, Physiology, or Physiological Chemistry." The subject to be chosen by the writer. 2. A prize of seventy-five dollars for the best dissertation on "The results of Original Investigations in Pathology, Therapeutics, or Pharmacology." The subject to be chosen by the writer.

For 1904 two prizes are offered: I. A prize of seventy-five dollars for the best dissertation on "The results of Original Work in Anatomy, Physiology, or Physiological Chemistry." The subject to be chosen by the writer. 2. A prize of seventy-five dollars for the best dissertation on "The results of Original Investigations in Pathology, Therapeutics, or Pharmacology." The subject to be chosen by the writer.

Dissertations on these subjects must be sent post-paid to E. H. Nichols, M. D., Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., on or before January 1, 1904.

In awarding these prizes preference will be given to dissertations which exhibit original work, but if no dissertation is considered worthy of a prize, the award may be withheld.

Each dissertation must bear in place of its author's name some sentence or device, and must be accompanied by a sealed packet bearing the same sentence or device, and containing within the author's name and residence. Any clew by which the authorship of a dissertation is made known to the committee will debar such dissertation from competition. Dissertations must be printed or typewritten, and their pages must be bound in book

form.

All unsuccessful dissertations are deposited with the secretary, from whom they may be obtained, with the sealed packet unopened, if called for within one year after they have been received.

By an order adopted in 1826, the secretary was directed to publish annually the following votes:

1. That the Board do not consider themselves as approving the doctrines contained in any of the dissertations to which Premiums may be adjudged. 2. That in case of publication of a successful dissertation, the author be considered as bound to print the above vote in connection therewith.

The Boylston Medical Committee is appointed by the President and Fellows, and consists of the following physicians: William F. Whitney, M. D., President; Edward H. Nichols, M. D., Secretary; Harold C. Ernst, M. D., Franz Pfaff, M. D., Theobald Smith, M. D., William T. Porter, M. D., Franklin Dexter, M. D.

The address of the secretary of the Boylston Medical Committee is Edward H. Nichols, M. D., Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.

William H. Thorndike Prize: A prize of two hundred dollars will be given annually to the author of the best essay on some subject in any branch of surgery.

The students of the Harvard Medical School and graduates of under five years' standing of any recognized medical school are eligible in competition for this prize.

Each essay must bear in place of its author's name some sentence or device, and must be accompanied by a sealed packet bearing the same sentence or device, and containing within the author's name and residence. If the author is a graduate, it must also contain the date of his graduation in medicine and the medical school from which he was graduated. Any clew by which the authorship of an essay is made known to the judges will debar such essay from the competition.

The essays must be sent to the Dean of the Harvard Medical School, 688 Boylston Street, Boston, Mass., U. S. America, on or before November 1 of each year, and the award will be

made annually on December 24. If no essay is considered worthy of a prize, no award will be made.

Anatomical Prize.— Professor C. B. Porter offers a prize of fifty dollars open to all students, and graduates of not more than five years' standing, except teachers of anatomy, for the best dissection deserving the award illustrative of surgical anatomy, the specimen to be presented to the Museum.

Otological Prize. -For the best preparation illustrating the osseous anatomy of the ear or for the best thesis showing original work on an otological subject, a prize of twenty-five dollars is offered, open to fourth year students.

Administrative Board: William L. Richardson, M. D., Dean, and Professor of Obstetrics; J. Collins Warren, M. D., LL. D., Hon. F. R. C. S., Professor of Surgery; Edward S. Wood, M. D., Professor of Chemistry; Frederick C. Shattuck, M. D., Professor of Clinical Medicine; William F. Whitney, M. D., Curator of the Anatomical Museum; Charles M. Green, M. D., Secretary, and Assistant Professor of Obstetrics; Charles Harrington, M. D., Assistant Professor of Hygiene; Franklin Dexter, M. D., Associate Professor of Anatomy; Frank B. Mallory, M. D., Associate Professor of Pathology.

Office Hours of the Dean, Tuesday and Friday, 12.15 to I P. M,; of the Secretary, Monday and Thursday, 12 to I P. M.

Instructors, Lecturers and Assistants: Edward Cowles, M. D., LL. D., Clinical Instructor in Mental Diseases; Samuel H. Durgin, M. D., Lecturer on Hygiene; Henry H. A. Beach, M. D., Lecturer on Surgery; George W. Gay, M. D., Lecturer on Surgery; John H. McCollom, M. D., Instructor in Contagious Diseases; Abner Post, M. D., Instructor in Syphilis; Elbridge G. Cutler, M. D., Instructor in the Theory and Practice of Physic; Thomas A. De Blois, M. D., Clinical Instructor in Laryngology; Edward M. Buckingham, M. D., Clinical Instructor in Diseases of Children; John W. Elliot, M. D., Lecturer on Surgery; John W. Farlow, M. D., Clinical Instructor in Laryngology; Charles F. Withington, M. D., Instructor in Clinical Medicine; Samuel J. Mixter, M. D., Assistant in Operative Surgery; George H. Monks, M. D., Instructor in Clinical Surgery, and Assistant in Operative Surgery; Myles Standish, M. D., Instructor in Ophthalmology; George L. Walton, M. D., Clinical Instructor in Diseases of the Nervous System; Francis S. Watson, M. D., Lecturer on Genito-Urinary Surgery; Philip Coombs Knapp, M. D., Clinical Instructor in Diseases of the Nervous System; Herman F. Vickery, M. D., Instructor in Clinical Medicine; George Haven, M. D., Instructor in Gynecology; Henry Jackson, M. D., Instructor in Clinical Medicine; Algernon Coolidge, Jr., M. D., Clinical Instructor in Laryngology; Edward B. Lane, M. D., Clinical Instructor in Mental Diseases; Robert W. Lovett, M. D., Assistant in Orthopedics; John C. Munro, M. D., Instructor in Surgery; Charles L. Scudder, M. D., Assistant in Clinical and Operative Surgery; Elliott G. Brackett, M. D., Assistant in Orthopedics; Arthur K. Stone, M. D., Assistant in the Theory and Practice of Physic; Edwin E. Jack, M. D., Assistant in Ophthalmology; James O. Jordan, Ph. G., Assistant in Materia Medica; Paul Thorndike, M. D., Instructor in GenitoUrinary Surgery; George A. Craigin, M. D., Assistant in Diseases of Children; Joel E. Goldthwait, M. D., Assistant in Orthopedics; James G. Mumford, M. D., Assistant in Clinical and Operative Surgery; William H. Prescott, M. D., Assistant in Clinical Medicine; Malcolm Storer, M. D., Assistant in Gynecology; Frank A. Higgins, M. D., Instructor in Obstetrics; Edward H. Nichols, M. D., Instructor in Surgical Pathology; John L. Ames, M. D., Assistant in Clinical Medicine; John W. Bartol, M. D., Assistant in Clinical Medicine; John B. Blake, M. D., Assistant in Clinical and Operative Surgery; William E. Faulkner, M. D., Assistant in Clinical and Operative Surgery; James M. Jackson, M. D., Assistant in Clinical Medicine; Howard A. Lothrop, M. D., Assistant in Surgery; John L. Morse, M. D., Instructor in Diseases of Children; Alexander Quackenboss, M. D., Assistant in Ophthalmology; Franklin G. Balch, M. D., Assistant in Clinical and Operative Surgery; Eugene A. Crockett, M. D., Assistant in Otology; John Dane, M. D., Assistant in Orthopedics; Edwin W. Dwight, M. D., Instructor in Legal Medicine; Fred B. Lund, M. D., Assistant in Clinical and Operative Surgery; Charles A. Porter, M. D., Instructor in Surgery; Edward W. Taylor, M. D., Instructor in Neuropathology; John T. Bottomley, M. D., Assistant in Clinical and Operative Surgery; George W. W. Brewster, M. D., Assistant in Clinical and Operative Surgery; Richard C. Cabot, M. D., Assistant in Clinical Medicine; Farrar Cobb, M. D., Assistant in Clinical and Operative Surgery; John M. Connolly, M. D., Assistant in Chemistry; Frederic J. Cotton, M. D., Assistant in Surgery; Philip Hammond, M. D., Assistant in Otology; Henry F. Hewes, M. D., Instructor in Clinical Chemistry; Elliott P. Joslin, M. D., Assistant in the Theory and Practice of Physic; Calvin G. Page, M. D., Assistant in Bacteriology; C. Morton Smith, M. D., Assistant in Syphilis; Charles J. White, M. D., Instructor in Dermatology; Franklin W. White, M. D., Assistant in the Theory and Practice of Physic; James H. Wright, M. D., Instructor in Pathology; Seabury W. Allen, M. D., Assistant in Anatomy; Ernest A. Codman, M. D., As