§ 22. Duration of Settlement.

For temporary Settlements there is no rule fixing twenty years or thirty years or any other period; the term depends on the circumstances of the estate, and is usually fixed with reference to the period for which occupancy rents are fixed (fifteen years or ten years, according to the law in force). And the periods are further ordered so that they may fall in in successive years in the different divisions, so that Survey and Settlement establishments may proceed from one district to another as their services are required.

$23. Records of Settlement.

When the record of rents, &c., has been published and has become final, clean copies are prepared for deposit in the Collector's office. Under the Tenancy Act copies or extracts are also given to the landlord and tenants. An abstract or 'tírij '(written also 'terij') is made out, showing, in a convenient form, all the main features of the estate or holding with the owner, tenure-holders, raiyats, &c., and the payments due from each 1.

A general report is then prepared (either for each village or for the whole tract, as may be ordered). It shows(a) the number of tenants of each class;

(b) the area and classification of the village lands
according to the Survey and Settlement, and
also according to the landlord's own jamabandi,
if known;

(c) the rental according to Settlement and according
to the landlord's jamabandi, with explanation
of increase or decrease, amount of Government
revenue, and comparison of rent with revenue;
(d) the rates of rent prevailing, with history of past
enhancements;

(e) proximity to markets;

Called also 'Sadhárán-khatián.'

See No. 10 in the Appendix to the

Settlement Manual.

(f) facilities for irrigation;

(9) village customs, including payment of village
officials;

(h) arrangements made for maintenance of records;
(i) other matters deserving of notice which do not find
a place in the record of rights.

Besides these particulars, the report will describe the whole tract as regards—

1. General features of the tract.

2. Its fiscal history.

3. Statistical results.

4. Comparison of condition of the tract as regards rentals before and after the Survey.

5. Final results, including approximate division of expenses under the heads of

(a) Survey.

(b) Record of rights.

(c) Preparation and distribution of records.

The report also makes proposals as to the parties to be settled with, and notices arrangements existing, or to be made, regarding the instalments of rent and revenue, which must be adapted to local circumstances, seasons, and harvests.

§ 24. Sunction of Settlements.

When whole districts or large areas are settled, the sanction (as usual) of the Local Government and of the Government of India is required. But many Settlements are of single or limited estates. The following are the powers of sanction in that case :

Temporary Settlements up to a rental of R. 500... The Collector.

From R. 500 to R. 10,000...
From R. 10,000 to R. 25,000

Also when the Settlement will be permanent

under a statutory right

The Commissioner.

§ 25. Supervision.

The Director of Land Records and Agriculture supervises all Settlements in which the agency of the Survey Department is employed or which are made under the Bengal Tenancy Act; and his services are available for other Settlements at the discretion of the Board. He exercises, in respect of all these Settlements, the powers of a Commissioner, save in matters in which power is by law vested in the Commissioner himself.

§ 26. Conclusion.

It may be necessary to repeat here, that for matters of detail, the Acts and Regulations quoted require study, and also the Settlement Manual. The object here (as in the chapter on Revenue business) is not to furnish a complete handbook of details, but an introduction or general guide to the principles and leading features of the system,-preparatory to such a detailed study as will be necessary for officers who have actually to take their part in district duty.

$27. General Conspectus of Estates.

Such being the general principles on which Temporary Settlements are made in tracts owned by private proprietors, and on which Rents are fixed in Government estates (whether raiyatwárí tracts or managed otherwise), it will be desirable, before proceeding to an account of special Settlements in certain exceptional districts, to give some particulars about the general results of Settlements and the distribution of the different classes of estates.

The general map, showing the prevalence of the various Settlement systems, indicates, as far as Bengal is concerned, the Permanent Settlements in one colour, and those districts. which are as a whole temporarily settled-i. e. the districts of Orissa-in another colour. An attempt has also been