or

Camus (Jean Pierre), Bishop
of Belley; b. at Paris in
1582; d. in 1653; saying
upon d'Urfé and St. Francis
of Sales, 238

Cantilène de SainteEulalie
(ninth century), one of the
most ancient monuments
of the Romance language,
19. 21, 35

66 Caquets de l'Accouchée,"

realistic recital (anony-
mous) of the seventeenth
century, 210
Caro (Edme), b. at Poitiers
in 1826; d. at Paris in 1887;
philosopher; "L'Idée de
Dieu" "La Philosophie
de Goethe," 607
Carrel (Armand), b. at Rouen,
May 8, 1800; d. July 24,
1836; journalist, 598, 616
Casa (Rene de), Carmelite
friar Bishop of Vaison;
Patriarch of Jerusalem; d.
in 1348: "Commentaires
sur la Politique d'Aristotle,"
131
Castel (René-Louis-Richard),

b. at Vire, October 6, 1758;
d. at Rheims in 1832;
didactic poems; "Les
Plantes (1797); "La Forêt
de Fontainebleau" (1805),
547
"Cent Nouvelles Nou-
velles," by Antoine de la
Salle. 54, 188, 189
Chamfort (Sebastien Roch
Nicolas). b. in 1741; d.
April 13. 1794; dramatic
works (1764-76); assiduous
collaborator of Mirabeau :
his best work the collection
of his "Pensées, Maximes
et Anecdotes (Dresden,
1803); opinions of Madame
Helvétius, Madame Roland,
and Mirabeau ; gave the
name to the pamphlet of
Sieyes upon the Third
Estate, 538-9

"

Chandos, Constable of
Aquitaine, fourteenth cen-
tury: poem upon Edward
of England, surnamed the
Black Prince, 107
Chansons des Albigeois,
Chanson de Geste
Langue-d'oc, 27, 51
Chansons de Geste, the
majority in Langue-d'oil;
their versification; origin;
Carlovingian Cycle Cycle
of Brittany or of King
Arthur : Ancient Cycle;
their decadence in four-
teenth and fifteenth cen-
turies; their transformation
and their expansion in
Europe; their classification
by Jean Bodel; see Roman,
20-40
Chansons

des Lorrains,
Chanson de Geste (Garin,
Girbert, Anseis), 26-27
Chanson de Roland
(eleventh century); Chan-
son de Geste of the Carlo-
vingian Cycle in Norman
dialect; analysis and prin-
cipal episodes, 25
Chantal (St. Jeanne Fran
çoise Frémyot de), b. at
Dijon in 1572; d. at Moulins
in 1641; founder of the
Order of the Visitation;
canonised in 1767; grand-
mother of Madame de
Sévigné St. Francis of
Sales addressed to her
spiritual epistles, 237
Chantelouve (François
Grossombre de), b. at
Bordeaux; Knight of Malta;
"Pharaon," tragedy, 1575,
349

Chapelain (Jean), b. in
Paris, December 4, 1595; d.
February 24 or 25. 1674;
counsellor of the King:
one of the first members
of the Académie Française:
author of the poem "La
Pucelle" (1656); habitué of
the Hotel Rambouillet, 460
Chappelle (surname Claude

Emmanuel Thuillier), b. at
le Chapelle Saint-Denis,
near Paris. in 1626; d. in
Paris in September, 1686;
poet; he is said to have
been one of the pupils of
Gassendi, 397
Charlemagne, Emperor of
the West (800-814); poems
upon him and his com-
panions in arms (studies by
Gaston Paris), 25 ti.
Charles V., King of France,

1364 to 1380; his library:
his love of science, 113, 140,
144

Charles-Quint, Emperor,
1519 to 1555: the
"Mémoires" of Com-

201

mynes were his "breviary,"
Charles of Orleans, Count
of Angoulême and Blois,
Duke of Orleans-Valois;
b. in Paris, May 26, 1391;
prisoner in England from
1415 to 1440; d. at Amboise,
January 6, 1645; father of
Louis XII.; protector of
Villon ; charm of his.
poetic work; the soul of
Bernard de Ventadour lives-
again in him, 148 ff.
Charron (Pierre), preacher
and moralist; principal
disciple of Montaigne; b.
in Paris in 1541; d. 1603:
he copies Du Vair and
Montaigne;
"De la
Sagesse," an interesting
work of Moral Philoso-
phy, 226, 236
Chartier (Alain), b. at Bayeux

about 1390, poet, historian,
diplomatist, and moralist;
d. in 1457; his poetry at
first love making. then
oratorical and patriotic;
"Le Quadriloge invectif,"
"Le Curial"; his popu-
larity; legend of Margaret
of Scotland; "Chroniques
de Charles VII." have been
attributed to him; they are
the works of Gilles ог
Jacques le Bouvier, accord-
ing to Berry, King at Arms
in France, who was born
in 1385, 145 ff.
Chartier (Guillaume), Bishop.
of Paris; b. in Bayeux in
1392: d. 1472; eldest
brother of the poet, Alain
Chartier, 145
Chastelain (George), b. in
1403; d. in 1475; chronicler
of Burgundy: one of the
interlocutors of the "Cou-
ronne margaritique," by
J. Le Maire de Belges,
264
Chateaubriand (François
Auguste, Vicomte de); b. at
St. Malo, September 14, 1768;
d. in Paris, July 4, 1848:
inspiration and influence of
"Natchez" (work of youth,
but only appeared in 1825),
"L'Itinéraire de Paris à
Jérusalem" (1811), "Les
Martyrs" (1809), “Atala
(1801). "René" (1802),
"Génie du Christianisme'
(1802); he is the father of
Romanticism, and of almost
all the different forms of
the literary art in the nine-
teenth century: his lan-
guage; criticism upon
Madame de Staël; his
greatest pupil is Lamartine;
his historical works" Essai
sur les Révolutions" (1797),
"Etudes sur la Chute de

a

l'Empire romain"
555-8. 590
(1831),
Chénier (André Marie de),
b. at Constantinople, Octo-
ber 29, 1762; d. in Paris,
July 25, 1794; poem on
"Nature"; judgment upon
Malherbe; restored senti-
ment, imagination, and
poetic rhythm; pure
classic, disciple of Ronsard,
recreated French poetry by
archaism, &c. in his idylls
he is a great humanist and
non-Hellenic poet; in his
elegies he shows himself
wholly of his time; philo-
sophic poet, and above all
a great lyrical poet; ode,
"Sur le Jeu de Paume
(1791); "Iambes";
"La
Jeune
Captive"
(1794);
considered by the Romantic
school as its precursor, 527-9
Chénier (Marie-Joseph de),
b. at Constantinople, August
28, 1764; d. at Paris, January
17, 1811; brother of the
above; criticism
Rutebœuf,
upon
tragic poet;
"Edgar ou le Page sup-
pose" (1784); drama criti-
cised by La Harpe;
Azé-
mire," tragedy
"Charles IX." (1789); enor-
(1784);
mous success; opinion of
Beaumarchais ;
VIII." and "Calas" (1791);
"Henri
"Fénelon" (1793); "Timo-
leon "
(1794); author of
nearly all the official chants
of the Revolution; "Le
Chant du Départ";
"l'Hymne à la raison," &c.
(1792-7); "Epitre à la
Calomnie" (1797) judg-
ment of Mdme. de Staël;
saying of Rivarot against
him, 530-1
Cherbuliez (Victor), b. at
Geneva in 1829; d. July 1,
1899; principal novels,
"Prosper Randoce,"
Méré," "Meta

"Paule
Holdenis," 614-5
Chevalier au Lion, the poem
by Chrétien de Troyes, 30
Choiseul - Gouffler (Marie
Gabriel Florent Auguste,
Comte de), b. at Paris,
September 27, 1752: d.
June 20, 1817; diplomatist
and scholar; "Voyage pit-
toresque en Grèce" (1782),

527

Chrétien de Troyes, d. about
1195: translated Ovid;
author of "Lancelot,"
"Chevalier au Lion,"
Percival le Gallois."
"Eric," "Cligès"; Chan-
sons de Geste of

the

Breton Cycle, 29

Orleans in 1541; d. at Ven-

661

Colin de Hainaut, trouvère
Colin Muset, trouvère at the
about 1345. 107
beginning of the thirteenth
Colines (Simon
century, 43
de), see

SIMON DE COLINES.
Collé (Charles), b. at Paris in
1709; d. in 1783; his plays
preserved the tradition of
Favart;
very licentious

plays," chansons joyeuses,"
"Dupuis et Desrondes"
(comedy in verse, 1765),
"La Partie de Chasse de
Henry IV." (1774), 524
Collège de France (1530),
readers-
Danes,
Lambin,

professors or

de

Budé,

51

called

Vatable,

Toussaint.

Turnèbe influence upon
"Pléiade" of 1550,

the
255-6
Collin d'Harleville (Jean
François), b. at Maintenon
in 1755 d. in 1806; epi-
gram of Le Brun on him;
faithful disciple of Sedaine;
"L'Inconstant" (1786),
"L'Optimiste" (1787). "Le
Vieux Célibataire (1792),
comedies, 534
Colomb (Jean), Benedictine;
b. at Limoges, 1688; d.
1773 one of the authors
of the "Histoire littéraire
Colomby (François Cau-
de la France," 516
vigny de, Baron), b. at
Caen in 1588; d. 1648:
pupil of Malherbe, 370
Combat des Trente
Bretons, historical poem.
Commines, or more often
(1370). 38
Commynes (Philippe de),
b. at the Castle of Com-
mynes (Flanders) in 1455,
Seigneur d'Argenton;
diplomatist and historian;
d. August 16, 1509; "Mé-
moires sur les Règnes de
Louis XI. et de Charles
VIII." (1464-98), published
in 1523:
"Bréviaire" of
Charles-Quint; his prose
pure and clear; the first of
the moralist historians;
his conception of politics;
pessimism and pity; judg
Comte (Auguste), b. at Mont-
ment of Montaigne, 201 ff.
pellier, January 12, 1798; d.
at Paris in 1857; mathe-
matician and philosopher;
founder of the Positivist
Condillac (Abbé
school, 587, 651

Etienne
Bonnet de), b. at Grenoble
in 1715; d. 1780; "Essai sur
l'Origine des Connaissances
humaines" (1746); “Traité
des Sensations" (1754), con-
tains a complete exposition
of sensual philosophy;

Volney and Dupuis are his
disciples; breaks away
from the philosophy of
the University: Taine is
his disciple, 500, 588
Condorcet (Jean Antoine

Nicolas de Caritât, Marquis
de), b. at Ribemont (Aisne),
September 17, 1743; d.
April, 1794: he is the last
of the faithful disciples of
Voltaire author of Lives
of Turgot and Voltaire :
edited the "Pensées" of
Pascal: his Esquisse d'un
Tableau historique des
Progrès de l'Esprit hu-
main," was left unfinished;
compared with Madame de
Staël. 511-12

Confrères de la Passion,
dramatic company formed
in 1402; acted great num-
ber of plays; first repressed
in 1542 pieces drawn from
the Old and New Testament
forbidden; dissolution, 1598,
168 ff.
Conon, or Quesnes de
Béthune, trouvère, b. 1150,
43

Conrart (Valentin), b. in
Paris, 1603 d. September
23. 1675: councillor and
secretary to the King; first
secretary of the Académie
Française habitué of the
Hôtel Rambouillet, 390
Constant de Rebecque

(Benjamin), b. at Lausanne,
October 25, 1767: d. at
Paris, December 8, 1830;
philosopher and novelist;
principal works, "Cours
de politique constitution-
nelle" (1817-20), "De la
Religion" (1824 - 31).
"Adolphe," novel (1816),
584-5. 652

Coppée (Francis, called
François) b. at Paris, 1842;
personal poet, the poet of
the lowly; realism and
personal accent; "Le
Reliquaire' (1866); "Les
Intimités " (1868); "Les
Humbles" (1872); plays,
"Le Passant (1869).
"Severo Torelli,' "Les
Jacobites," "Pour la
Couronne"; tragedies,

627-8

Coquillart (Guillaume), b. at
Rheims in 1450 (and not in
1421): canon and official of
Rheims; d. 1510; satirical
poems: "Plaidoyer de la
Simple et de la Rusée":
monologues; "Droits
Nouveaux," 152
Cormenin, Vicomte de
(Louis - Marie-de-la- Haie).
known as "Timon"; b. at
Paris, January 6, 1788; d.
in 1868; jurist and pam-

"Les

phleteer: works,
Trois Dialogues politiques"
(1838), "La très humble
Remonstrances de Timon"
(1851), "Le
Livre des
Orateurs," 598
Corneille (Pierre). b. at
Rouen, June 6, 1606; d. in
Paris, October 1, 1684: ad-
vocate-general of the Rouen
bar; he frequented at times
the Hôtel Rambouillet, who
took his part about the
"Cid," and dissuaded him
from producing "Poly-
eucte " ; the "Cid" sub-
mitted to the verdict of
the Académie Française by
Richelieu; he took three
verses of "Polyeucte" from
Godeau; friend of Brebeuf:
the success of the "Cid"
balanced by that of the
"Mariamne" of Tristan
l'Hermite; at first he wrote
Romanesque comedies and
farcical comedies; great
tragedy as he conceived it
was in the exaltation of
will, consequently his plays
are somewhat violent and
strained; three periods in his
dramatic career-Ist.
Cli-
tandre" (1632). La Veuve"
(1633). "La Place_Royale"
(1635), "L'Illusion Comique"
(1636), comedies; "Médée."
tragedy (1636); 2nd, "Le
Cid" (1636), "Horace et
Cinna" (1639), "Polyeucte
(1640), La Mort de Pom-
pée" (1641), "Nicomède'
(1652); "Sertorius" (1663);
3rd. "Sophonisbe" (1664).
"Edipe" (1659), "Othon"
(1665). "Pulcherie" (1672),
"Suréna" (1675); comedies,
"Le Menteur" (1642), “La
Suite du Menteur" (1643).
"Trois Acts de Psyché'
(1671)-one of the greatest
lyrics of the seventeenth
century: stanzas of the
"Cid" and of "Polyeucte ";
paraphrase of the "Imita-
tion of Jesus Christ" (1651):
opinion of La Bruyère ;
admiration of Madame de
Sévigné; severe criticism of
Boileau; less in favour than
Racine; his role in the
quarrel of the Ancients and
Moderns, 415-20
Corneille (Thomas), b. at
Rouen, August 20, 1625:
d. 1709; brother of the pre-
ceding dramatic author;
friend of Brébeuf, 415
Corrario or Corraro (Gre-
gorio), b. at Venice; d.
1464: "Progné," classical
tragedy in Latin (1458),

"

346
Costar (Pierre), b. at Paris
in 1605 d. at Mans, 1660;

habitué of the Hôtel Ram-
bouillet. 390

Cotin (Abbé Charles), b. in
Paris, 1604 d. January,
1682; counsellor and al-
moner of the King: dis-
ciple of Voiture: too
cruelly treated by Boileau
and Molière; he has written
some clever epigrams; he
knew Hebrew and trans-
lated the "Canticle of
Canticles," 403-4

Cottin (Sophie Ristaud,
Madame), b. at Tonneins in
1773 d. in 1807 in Paris;
sentimental novels, 547
Courier (Paul - Louis), b.
January 4, 1772, in Paris:
assassinated April 10, 1825:
he restored to honour certain
words fallen into disuse;
pamphleteer and Hellenist;
translated the Daphnis
and Chloé" of Longus
(1810): "Simple Discours
de Paul-Louis"; "Vigne-
ron" (1821); " Pétition pour
les Villageois qu'on em-
pêche de danser" (1822);
"Pamphlet des Pamphlets'
(1824): "Lettres au Cen-
seur" (1820), 596-8
Cousin (Victor), b. in Paris,
November 28, 1792: d. 1867;
opinion upon Malebranche:
professor of philosophy at
the Sorbonne; a disciple of
Descartes, 588, 651
Crébillon (Claude - Prosper
Jolyot de, son of the
following), b. at Paris, Feb-
ruary 14, 1707; d. 1777:
Royal censor ; licentious
novels in very good prose;
"Le Sopha" (1745); "Les
Egarements du Cœur et de
l'Esprit" (1736); "La Nuit
et le Moment" (1755), 490
Crébillon (Prosper Jolyot
de), b. at Dijon, June
13, 1674; d. in Paris, June
17, 1762; Royal censor;
tragedies of youth: "Ido-
ménée" (1705); "Atrée et
Thyeste" (1707); " Electre"
(1709); Rhadamiste et
Zénobie" (1711); at sixty
years of age he returned to
writing for the stage with
"Catilina " (1748). and
"Le Triumvirat (1754):
he owes his reputation to
the anger that Voltaire
entertained for him, 482
Cretin (Guillaume), treasurer
of the Chapel of Vincennes
and precentor of Sainte
Chapelle; chronicler of
Francis I.; d. in 1525:
versification; professor of
J. Le Maire de Belges; the
king of the "rime équi-
voque":"Chants Royaux":
ridiculed by Rabelais (the

Raminagrobis of "Panta-
gruel"); carefully studied
by Marot, 261, 262
Creton, poet; about 1410;
historical poem, 107, 110
Crocus (Cornelius), b. at
Amsterdam; d. in Rome in
1550; "Josephus Custus.'
mystery in Latin, 347
Cujas (Jacques), b. at Tou-
louse in 1522; d. at Bourges
in 1590; professor of Roman
Law at Toulouse, Valence,
Cahors, and at Bourges, 241
Curel (François de), dramatic

author; b. at Metz, 185-:
"L'Invitée," comedy, 612
Cuvelier (Jean), trouvère
of Picardy in 1384;

Chronique du Bertrand
du Guesclin." 107
Cyrano de Bergerac (Savi-
nien), b. in Paris, March 6,
1619 d. 1655; he is a
grotesque": "Lettres"
his plays, "La Mort
d'Agrippine," philosophical
tragedy (1653); "Le Pedant
Joue," comedy (1654);" Les
Etats et Empires de la
Lune et du Soleil," novels
(1656 and 1661); he is said to
have been the pupil of Gas-
sendi; Molière borrowed
two scenes from the
"Pedant Joué" for his
"Fourberies de Scapin,"
381-2, 411

Dacier (André), b. at Castres
in 1651 d. 1722; perma-
nent secretary, Académie
Française (1713); exalts
Homer; unfavourable
epigram; his translations,
460, 515
Dacier, Mme. (Anne Le-
fevre), wife of the above;
b. at Saumur in 1654; d.
1720; she exalts Homer;
translates him; epigram
against her, 460
Daguesseau, see AGUESSEAU,
D'.

Dalembert, see ALEMBERT,

D'.
Dancourt (called Florent
Carton). b. at Fontaine-
bleau November 1, 1661; d.
December 6, 1725: he is
the Furetière of the theatre;
realistic and anecdotal
comedy: "Le Chevalier
à la Mode" (1687); "Les
Bourgeoises de Qualité"|
(1700), 455

Danès (Pierre), b. in Paris,

1497; d. 1577; pupil of
Lascaris and of Budé ; pro-
fessor of Greek in the
College of France; his
pupils were Amyot, Brisson
and Daurat, 256
Daniel (Arnaud), see AR-

NAUD.

INDEX

Dante (Dante Alighieri), b. in
Florence, 1265; d. in Ra-
venna, September 14, 1321;
author of the "Divine
Comedy." 19, 49, 51, 303
Danton (Georges Jacques), b.
at Arcis-sur-Aube, October
28, 1759; executed April 5.
1794 genuinely popular
author, 537

Daudet (Alphonse), b. at
Nimes in 1840; d. 1879;
artist and poet; the most
realistic of contemporary
novelists; "Le Nabab
(1877); "Les Rois en Exil"
(1879): "Fromont Jeune et
Risler Aîné "(1874); "Sapho"
(1884), 616-7

Daudet (Mdme. Alphonse)
(Julia Allard), b. in Paris;
impressions and remem-
brances, 617

Daudet (Ernest), b. at Nîmes,
1837; novels and historical
works, 617

-

Daudet (Leon), son of Al-
phonse Daudet; contem-
porary novelist, 617
Daunon (Pierre Claude-
François), scholar; b. at
Boulogne-sur-Mer in 1761;
d. June 20, 1840; judgment
on Villehardouin, 79
Daurat or Dorat (Jean Dine-
mand or Dinematin), b. at
Limoges in 1508; d. 1588;
professor at the College of
France, 1560; pupil of
Danes; master of Ronsard
and Baïf; one of the mem-
bers of the "Pléiade," 256
Dauvet (Jean), president of

the Parliament of Paris; b.
in 1400; d. 1471; jurist, 195
Delavigne (Casimir), b. at
Havre, April 4, 1793; d.
December II, 1843; his
tragedies are partly ro-
mantic ; "Les Messéni-
ennes caused him to be
regarded wrongly as a great
lyrical poet; tragedies,
"Les Vêpres Siciliennes'
(1819). "Le Paria" (1821),
"Marino Faliero" (1829),
"Louis XI." (1832).

"Les
Enfants d'Edouard" (1833);
comedies, "La Princesse
Aurélie" (1828), "L'Ecole
des Vieillards" (1823), "La
Popularité" (1838). "Le
Conseiller rapporteur"
(1841), "Don Juan d'Aut-
riche" (1835), 570, 580-1
D'Elbenne (Bartolomeo),
friend of Ronsard, who de-
dicated to him his "Art
Poétique," 302

Delille (Abbé Jacques), b. at
Aigueperse, June 22, 1738;
d. in Paris, May 1, 1813;
disciple of J. J. Rousseau ;
clever writer of verse;
translator of the "Georgics" |

663

and of Virgil's “Eneid," of
Milton's "Paradise Lost
poems on "Gardens "(1782);

L'Homme des Champs,"
"Imagination," "Les trois
règnes de la Nature" (1808);
he is the king of the
"littérature de l'Empire,"
504, 546

Denne-Baron(Pierre-Jacques
René), b. at Paris, 1780; d.
1854 poet, 505
Des Autels (Guillaume),
poet; b. at Charolles in
1529; d. 1576, 308
Descartes (René), b. at La
Haie, in Touraine, March
31, 1596; d. at Stockholm,
February 11, 1650; his in-
fluence upon literature and
teaching; his life; scientific
works; philosophic works,
"Discours de la Methode
(1637), "Les Meditations'
(1641 and 1647). "Le Traité
des Passions de l'Ame"
(1649); judgment of M.
Liard; he roused Pascal;
correspondent of Gassendi;
master of Malebranche;
Victor Cousin upholds his
doctrine, 395-6

Deschamps (Eustache,
called Morel); b. at Vertus in
1340 d. in 1410; excellent
poet; "Miroir du Mariage";
rondeaux, virelais, fables,
ballads, poetic art, 100-2,
165-6

Desfontaines (Pierre-Fran-
çois, called Guydot), b. at
Rouen, 1685; d. 1745; lite-
rary critic; collaborator
with Fréron in "L'Année
Littéraire, 518

Desmarets de Saint-Sorlin
(Jean), b. in Paris, 1595; d.
1666; habitué of the Hôtel
Rambouillet; according to
him the Moderns ought to
be superior to the Ancients
inasmuch as the Christian
religion is more elevated
than the ancient religions,
an idea developed by Cha-
teaubriand in the "Génie
du Christianisme," 459
Des Mazures (Louis), b. at
Tournay, 1510; d. 1580;
"David combattant
"David triomphant
"David fugitif," "sacred"
tragedies (1556); dignified
and poetic style, 348, 352
Desperiers (Bonaventure),
b. at Arnay-le-Duc towards
the end of the fifteenth
century; d. 1544; trans-
lator of Biblical hymns;
"Cymbalum Mundi"
(1537); "Nouvelles Récréa-
tions et Joyeux Devis
(1558); protégé of Mar-
garet of Navarre, 54, 209.
281

Desportes (Philippe), reader
to the King, Councillor of
State, Canon of Sainte-
Chapelle, &c.; b. at Char-
tres in 1545; d. October,
1606; friend of Ronsard;
grace, delicacy, and har-
mony of his verse; con-
stant imitation of the
Italians; translation of the
Psalms; uncle and pro-
tector of Régnier; badly
treated by Malherbe ;
severely judged by Boileau,
331-335

Des Roches (Dame Catherine
Neveu), d. at Poitiers, 1587;
"Tobie," tragi-comedy, in
collaboration with Jacques
Ouyn, 350

"

&c.; dramatic works very
feeble; "Le Fils naturel'
(1757); "Le Père de
Famille (1758), &c.; he
put his name to the "En-
cyclopedia "; his influence;
refutation of "De
l'Homme" of Helvétius;
he collaborated with Hol-
bach in "Système de la
Nature," and in the corre-
spondence of Grimm ;
at-
tacks of Palissot; opinion
of Voltaire ; verses of
Gilbert against him; Vol-
ney and Dupuis are his
disciples; literary in-
fluence, 493-6

Dierx (Léon), b. in the Isle

of Réunion in 1838; poetry
perfectly artistic, 631
Dolet (Etienne), b. at Orleans;
burnt in the Place Maubert,
August 3, 1546; printer in
Lyons; works upon Latin
and French prose; transla-
tions; "L'Enfer" (1544),

253

(Ælius Donatus),
Latin grammarian of the
fourth century; teacher of
St. Jerome, 18
Dorat (Claude Joseph), b. in

Destouches (Philippe Neri-
cault), b. at Tours, 1680; d.
July 4, 1754; his career;
he wrote a comedy of
character, with a "portrait"
of La Bruyère: "L'Ingrat'
(1712); "L'Irrésolu" (1713);
"Le Médisant" (1715);
"L'Ambitieux et l'Indis- Donat
cret" (1737); "Le Glorieux'
(1732); "La Fausse Agnès "
(played in 1759); "Le Phi-
losophe marie" (1727); "Le
Tambour nocturne" (trans-
lated from the English 1736,
played in 1762); towards
the end of his life he went
into retreat and confined
himself to theology; Les-
sing preferred him to
Molière, 481-2

Paris, December 1, 1734:
d. April 29, 1780; less
spirited than Gentil Ber-
nard; light poetry, tragedy,
tales, 526

Dorat (Jean), see DAURAT.
Doria (Perceval), see PER-

CEVAL.

Chancellor of France in
1371; Archbishop of Sens;
d. 1405 barrister, 196
Doudan (Xavier), b. at Douai
in 1800; d. in Paris, 1872;
"Lettres," 453
Douin de Lavesne, author
of Fabliau of Trubert,"
thirteenth century, 54
Doumic (René), b. in Paris
in 1860; literary critic;
disciple of F. Brunetière,
646

Doussot (Don Joseph), Bene-

dictine, 515

Du Bartas (Guillaume de

Destutt de Tracy (Antoine-Dormans (Guillaume de),
Louis-Claude), b. in 1754:
d. in Paris, 1836; philoso-
pher; disciple of Condillac,
541, 588
Diderot (Denis), b. at Lan-
gres, October, 1713; d. in
Paris, July 30, 1784; in-
fluence of Sterne and
Richardson upon him ;
revolt against the old reli-
gious beliefs; inventive
and assimilative mind; he
"carried all his century in
his head"; complexity of
his work; history, socio-
logy, morals, criticism,
stories, and plays; the
"Encyclopædia"; half of
the "Histoire philosophique
des Indes," by Raynal;
materialistic tendencies in
philosophy; literary ideas
hazardous but fruitful
(comedy and bourgeois
drama); influence of his
ideas in England and Ger-
many; created artistic
criticism; "salons" ; ro-
mance-writer and novelist ;
realist steeped in imagina-
tion; "Les Bijoux indis-
crets"; "La Religieuse'
"Le Neveu de Rameau,'

Saluste, Baron), b. in 1544;
d. in 1590; "La Semaine,'
encyclopædic poem on the
Creation (1579); he exag-
gerates the defects of
Ronsard; admired by
Etienne Pasquier and by
Goethe, 326

Du Bellay (Guillaume, Lord
of Cangey), b. in 1491; d.
1543; Viceroy of Pied-
mont; "Mémoires upon
the reign of Francis I.;
protector of Ronsard, 208,
289

Du Bellay (Jean), b. in 1492;
d. 1560; Bishop of Bay-

onne (1526) and of Paris
(1532); Cardinal; protected
Rabelais; he contributed
towards founding the "Col-
lege of France"; protector
of Joachim du Bellay, 298
Du Bellay (Joachim), b. in
the Castle of La Turme-
tière, near Loré (Anjou), in
1522, or more likely in 1524
or 1525; d. January 1, 1560;
his appreciation of the
"Roman de la Rose " :
disciple of Petrarch; son-
net in honour of Maurice
Seve; "Défense et Illus-
tration de la Langue fran-
çaise" (1549); manifesto
of the Pleiade, which he
founded with Ronsard in
1548; Preface to the
"Olive"; biography; at
first purely a Petrarchan
poet; "L'Olive" (1556);
passion for antiquity; stay
at Rome (1553-6); "Les
Antiquités de Rome," and
"Les Regrets"; great ele-
giac poet; remarks upon
the "Défense"; friend of
Olivier de Magny, 298-302,
317-323

Du Bellay (Martin, Prince
d'Yvetot); d. 1559; "Mé-
moires " of the reign of
Francis I., 99, 208
Dubois (Guillaume), Cardinal
(1656-1723) mot on Abbé
de Saint Pierre; portrait
by Saint-Simon, 474
Du Cange (Charles du
Fresne, Baron), b. at
Amiens in 1610; d. at
Paris, 1688; edited Ville-
hardouin, 78
Ducis (Jean François), b. at
Versailles, August 22, 1733:
d. March 31, 1816; he was
a Stoic, very virtuous and
single-minded; he made
his début at the theatre
at the age of forty with
tragedies modelled on the
Greek ones, and even more
often on Shakespeare:
Edipus à Colone"
(1797); "Hamlet" (1769):
"Roméo et Juliette" (1772);
"Le roi Lear" (1783); “Mac-
beth (1784); "Jean san
Terre" (1791); "Othello'
(1792): "Abufar (1795):
his influence, 533-4
Duclos (more often Charles
Pineau), b. at Dinan, Feb-
ruary 12, 1704; d. in Paris,
March 26, 1772; permanent
secretary to the Académie
Français; his wit in con-
versation; his works: "His-
toire de Louis XI." (1745):
"Considérations sur les
Mœurs' (1750); "Con-
sidérations sur l'Italie
(1791), 508-9

"