OPEN TEL, MENOM, RO-OMENA,?”, RUMENA, will signify SHEPHERD-NOURISHER; and, if to this word we add the Latin formative ALIS, FICUS RUMINALIS will be the FIG-TREE OF THE-SHEPHERD-SUCKLER (or NOURISHER): but if we take the termination ALIS to be Hebrew, and to represent the words 7 (AL)

,רוּמְנָה עַל־אִישׁ ISH), then the whole name) אִישׁ and

, RUMINALIS, added to FICUS, will give the appellation THE FIG-TREE OF THE-SHEPHERD-SUCKLER-IN-THE-SIGHT-OF-MAN. And the suckled shepherd must be the LUPERCUS of the Romans, Rome's founder Romulus, before the building of the city, and by his foster-father called LUP-772, LUP-PĒRĒC, LUPERC, WOLF-DELIVERED; and the LUPERCALIA, LUPERC-AN, LUPERC-TO-JEHOVAH; a feast of praise and thanksgiving dedicated by the shepherd king to God, in memory of his preservation by the she-wolf. In a preceding page, I have resolved the appellation ROMULU into the Hebrew, ROMMUL-HU, with the signification VENERATED; but this name, though it might have been given by the Roman people to their king, could never have originated with Faustulus, or been borne by Romu

lus during his shepherd life. A very different derivation may, perhaps, be assigned to the title of Rome's first king; and it may be treated as a com

,ROMUL, or רע מול רעה מול pound of the words

with the emphatic N, ROMULU; A-SHEPHERD - HERETOFORE, THE-QUONDAM SHEPHERD. On the last supposition, the appellation must have been assumed by the king himself, who, like God's servant David, had been taken from the sheepfolds and from following the ewes great with young; and it will bear testimony both to the humility and magnanimity of its royal author, and to the certainty of the legend of the she-wolf. The grand objection to this derivation of the name arises from the fact, that in the small store of Hebrew we possess, MUL, (ANTE), is never used in respect of time, but has reference to place only. On the other hand, we have the word ETHMUL, with the signification HERETOFORE, and this would appear to be a compound of MUL and the particle ETH

(אֶת־מוּל)

(); whence, perhaps, arises a strong presumption that MUL itself, divested of this prefix, might also possess the meaning belonging to the compound word. In either case, ROMULUS must, before the building of the city, have had some other designa

tion; and his first name will, I imagine, be found in the appellation LUPERC. This name appears also in the word LUPERCAL, (Luperc->y), LUPERC'SHEIGHT, designating either the whole Mons Palatinus, or that portion of it where the she-wolf came to the rescue of the sons of Rhea Silvia. REM, or REMU, (□N?, or NTON), signifies in Hebrew, WILDBULL, BUFFALO, an animal still inhabiting the country between Rome and Ostia.* The depths of the religious ignorance into which the once wise and understanding Romans fell may be estimated and evidenced by the treatment which the story of Romulus and Remus met with at their hands in after-times. For, from this source alone, they seem to have derived their divinities VESTA, LUPERCA, RUMINA, and LUPERCUS; all of whom appear to be mere creations of philological speculation, employed in determining the derivations of the words VESTALIS, LUPERCAL, RUMINALIS, and LUPERCALIA. They became vain in their imaginations, and their foolish heart was darkened; they forgot the name of the God of Æneas; they lifted up their hands to strange gods; they provoked Jehovah to anger with their inven

* Rome in the Nineteenth Century. Edin. 1820. Vol. iii. 413.

tions; and the plague of their perverted theology brake in upon them.

ROMA. The name of the Eternal City, pin, ROMAH, is pure Hebrew; a noun formed from л, RUMAH, the feminine of the past participle of the verb, RUM, by the change of SHUREK (U) into KHOLEM (O); and it signifies THATHAS-BEEN-EXALTED. The use of the past participle in the formation of the word appears to express, not merely the position of the URBS SEPTICOLLIS, but the persuasion of the founders of this DOMINA GENTIUM, that (in the words of Obadiah *), their city would "exalt herself as the eagle, and set her nest amongst the stars."

POMERIUM. When referred to the Hebrew, may be treated as a compound of i, PO, the enclitic in, MO, (after the form ), 7, IR, and the formative, ION, POMOIRION, POMCERIUM, THE-HITHERTO-OF-THE-CITY.

REMURIA, N, REMU-RIA, will, in Hebrew, signify REMUS'-CHOICE; the hill, some miles below Rome, on the Tiber, where Remus wished the city to be built.

* Verse 4.

PALATIUM. The Hebrew, PALAT, ONE THAT ESCAPES, joined to the formative, ION, will make the Mons Palatinus mean PLACE-OFTHE-PALAT, (OR REFUGEE). The hill would therefore be so called as the REFUGIUM and dwelling-place of Romulus and Remus, delivered from Amulius by the she-wolf, and nurtured by the shepherds; and hence would come the tale that Romulus made Rome an asylum for runaway slaves. That such would be received and entertained by him we may believe, for so had the sons of Jacob been commanded; but it does not follow that Romulus resorted to this expedient to increase the population of his city. "Thou shalt not deliver unto his master the servant which is escaped from his master unto thee; he shall dwell with thee in that place which he shall choose, in one of thy gates, where it liketh him best."*

CAPITOLIUM. In Hebrew, , CAPPITOL-ION,

CAPITOLION, THE PLACE (WHEREAT)-TO-UPLIFT-THE-HAND; the place of worship and prayer, and of the 'lifting up of holy hands.' Here, according to Livy, stood the oak (and, no doubt, the altar) sacred to Jupiter; and

* Deut. xxiii. 15.

+ 1 Tim. ii. 8.