cliffe attempt courses of pure technique which deal with the use of historic material. It is interesting to note that no provision for the interpretation of the present European war except as is incidental to other courses is made in any of the colleges except at Wellesley and Barnard. At Wellesley a one-hour year course called "International politics aims to give a general view of the international conditions since the close of the Bismarck period, with especial reference to the present relations of Europe, America, and Asia. At Barnard the modern disturbance is attacked even more directly by a course three hours for the year of Contemporary European history, based largely upon current news. In the analysis of the teaching force of a department, the number of teachers apportioned to the total amount of work offered is of some significance in judging the degree of specialization which the individual teacher can bring to his work. The following list permits a quick comparison: Radcliffe and Barnard have the largest number of teachers in proportion to the hours of teaching. The following percentages of the teachers of history are of the grade instructor: At Vassar, 14 per cent; at Wellesley, 42 per cent; at Radcliffe, 28 per cent; at Barnard, 37 per cent; at Mount Holyoke, 20 per cent. At Vassar and Mount Holyoke, thus, the work is largely in the hands of teachers of professorial rank; at Wellesley the work is in the hands of instructors to a much greater extent. The following percentages of the teachers possess the doctor's degree: At Vassar, 100 per cent, at Wellesley, 57 per cent; at Radcliffe, 64 per cent; at Barnard, 75 per cent; at Mount Holyoke, 100 per cent. At Vassar and Mount Holyoke, then, the department of history contains only teachers who possess the doctor's degree. The percentage is high at Barnard; at Radcliffe and at Wellesley still more, it drops somewhat. The percentage is interestingly high, however, attesting to a certain importance which the degree plays in this department. VASSAR. The colleges requiring history are Vassar, Barnard, and Mount Holyoke. In these colleges the required course conforms rather closely in content to the introductory courses of the other two colleges, Radcliffe, and Wellesley. At Vassar, the required course, a 3-hour year course, may be taken either in freshman or sophomore year. The course is a general outline of the development of Western Europe from the ninth century to the present time, including a study of the principal institutions of the Middle Ages, the Renaissance, the Reformation, religious and political wars, and the development of modern states. Emphasis is laid upon training the student to use library facilities. The work is conducted by means of textbooks, library references, class discussions, and conferences. The following electives are open to students who have completed the general course: Courses dealing especially with the history of England: English political history, covering the mediaeval and the modern history of England; 3-hour year course. (Advanced courses with prerequisite of one year of elective work.) The history of England in the eighteenth century, a continuation of the preceding course; 3-hour semester course. The modern British constitution, a sequal to the above course, dealing with a study of the government and public institutions of Great Britain; 3-hour semester course. Courses dealing with European history: General European history, the required course; 3-hour year course. The French Revolution, treating of the intellectual, economic, and political aspects of the revolutionary era; 3-hour year course. (Advanced courses with prerequisite of one year of elective work.) Nineteenth century history, the history of Europe from the year 1815; 3-hour year course. The Renaissance, the period from 1250 to 1500, with special reference to Italy; 3-hour semester course. The Reformation, covering efforts toward reform before 1500, and the relation of the individual to the state and to the church; 3-hour semester course. Courses dealing with American history: American history, devoted to the stages of development of the country and to a study of the evolution of the government; 3-hour year course. (Advanced courses with prerequisite of one year of elective work.) History of the United States since 1850, a course which centers about the Civil War, dealing with problems which culminate in it. and those which mark the period of reconstruction; 3-hour year course. The literature of American history, a course which aims to show the value of contemporary literature as an historical source; 3-hour semester course. Courses dealing with the East and modern Russia: The Far East, concerned especially with India, Japan, and China in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries; 3-hour semester course. The Near East, the history of Turkey and the Balkans in the nineteenth century; 3-hour semester course. Modern Russia, dealing with the political, social, and economic conditions in Russia during the modern period; 3-hour semester course. Courses dealing with ancient history: Ancient history, devoted to the period from the early Aegean civilization through the establishment of the Roman Empire; 3-hour year course. Technique courses: Periodical literature, dealing with the use of journalistic literature in the study and writing of history; 2-hour semester course. (Advanced course with prerequisite of one year of elective work.) Historical geography, dealing with the relation of the, geographic conditions in Europe and America to the political history of these countries; 3-hour semester course. (Prerequisite at least three elective courses.) The nature and treatment of historical material, a course which is intended to equip teachers of history and graduate students; 3-hour semester course. WELLESLEY At Wellesley two semester courses and one year course are prerequisite to later election. The two semester courses cover the political history of England from 1485 to the present time. The year course covers the history of western Europe from the fifth century to the Treaties of Westphalia. The courses aim to train students in methods of historical work. Thus, at Wellesley the introductory work includes that of Vassar, with a special emphasis on English history. Further electives are as follows: Courses dealing especially with the history of England: Political history of England to 1485; 3-hour semester course. Political history of England from 1485 to the present time; 3-hour semester course. Constitutional history of England to 1399, dealing with the development of English constitutional government; 3-hour semester course. Constitutional history of England from 1399 to the present time, a continuation of the preceding course; 3-hour semester course. England under the Tudors and Stuarts, dealing with the religious and constitutional struggles of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries; 3-hour year course. Courses dealing with European history: Introductory course; 3-hour year course. History of the French Revolution, with the influence on the subsequent history of European countries; 3-hour year course. International politics, including a general view of international conditions since the close of the Bismarck period with especial reference to the present relations of Europe, America, and Asia; 1-hour year course. Diplomatic history of Europe since 1740, including a review of the century preceding; 3-hour year course. Europe in the sixteenth century, a study of the great movements and personalities of the period; 3-hour year course. Geography of European history, a study of the connection between events and localities: 1-hour year course. Courses dealing especially with the history of America: American history, dealing in the first semester with the age of discovery and conquest, in the second semester with the American Revolution; 3-hour year course. History of the United States from 1787, a study of the formation and development of the Constitution of the United States; 3-hour year course. Constitutional government, a course dealing with the American political system. In other colleges a course usually given in the department of government; 3-hour year course. Ancient-history courses: One 3-hour year course. A course called the history of Rome offers a general survey of Roman history through the reign of Diocletian. The same amount of time is given to ancient history at Wellesley as at Vassar. There are no special courses in historical technique. RADCLIFFE. While Radcliffe offers an introductory course, it neither requires it for a degree nor demands it for admission to advanced courses. In history, as in the other departments, to elect advanced work the students must satisfy the instructor that they have had sufficient previous training. An interesting correlation between departments is shown in the fact that for three courses work in government will be accepted as a suitable preparation, and for two courses an approved course in Greek or Latin will be accepted. Even the research courses are announced as usually limited to graduate students. The introductory course, a 3-hour year course, deals with European history from the fall of the Roman empire to the present time, offering a general survey of the development of medieval and modern Europe. Two full courses which deal especially with English history are offered: Constitutional history of England to the sixteenth century, intended to explain the origin and earlier development of the constitution of English government. History of England from 1688 to the present, a course which centers about political and parliamentary history. Six courses dealing with European history are offered: The introductory course; 3-hour year course. History of Continental Europe since 1815, and European expansion in the nineteenth century, the two half courses covering the period of the development of constitutional government, the national movement, and world-wide expansion; 3-hour semester courses. The age of the Renaissance in Europe, presenting the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries as a period of transition and emphasizing the history of Italy; 3-hour year course. European industry and commerce in the nineteenth century, a course in economics which deals with the economic history of western Europe since the industrial revolution, emphasizing phases related to the economic history of the United States; 3-hour semester course. Economic history of Europe to the middle of the eighteenth century, a course in economics which deals from the genetic point of view with the development of economic institutions and of the teachings of economic historians with the comparative development of typical industries both in Europe and the United States; 3-hour year course. Seven courses dealing with American history: American history: The formation of the Union, 1760-1829. A course spent on important points in the constitutional, political, and economic development of the people; 3-hour semester course. American history: The development of the Nation, 1830 to the present time, emphasizing the same phases of development from the presidency of Jackson to the present; 3-hour semester course. American history to 1760, dealing with the history, institutions and economic and social life of the English colonies; 3-hour semester course. The history of the West, 1840-1915, dealing with the causes and process of western migration, and with the occupation of the provinces of the United States; 3-hour semester course. Latin America, a general view of its history and the diplomatic and economic problems of the present day of the chief Latin-American countries; 3-hour semester course. Economic and financial history of the United States, dealing with important topics related to American finance; 3-hour semester course. Manuscript materials of American history, a course intended to locate and describe the manuscript sources of American history and to develop their values; 3-hour half course through year. One course in ancient history: History of Rome to the reign of Diocletian, a general course on the place of Greece and Rome in the world's history; 3-hour year course. One course in technique: Historical bibliography and criticism, an account of the materials for historical research, methods of research, and discussion of principles of historical criticism and interpretation; half course through the year. In addition Radcliffe offers four courses listed in the table as unclassified: History of religion, the beginnings of Christianity; 3-hour year course. BARNARD. At Barnard the prescribed work, as at Vassar, deals with the history of Europe. It treats epochs of European history, with special reference to forms of government and changes in social conditions. The course is 6-point for the year, and is prerequisite to all other courses. Little emphasis is laid on special English history, but one course being given and that one with special reference to the history of Continental Europe (6-point year course). Courses dealing with European history are as follows: Modern European history with special reference to the development of France; 4-point year course. |