glishman, would not go on that of a Moray-man of this district. These people are said to be of Lapland origin. In Argyleshire, on the western coast, it has also been observed, that the people of Lorn in particular are remarkable for a Roman style of countenance; the nose being high and angular, though the eye is almost universally gray and small. As to the Irish those of the north resemble very closely the people of the north of Scotlandlike them, in short, they are Northmen; while those of the south are, more or less purely, Celts. [For the former, see Plate XI; and for the latter, Plate XII.] In the south of Ireland, most opposed to the Spanish coast, we find dark hair, generally accompanied by a gray or blueish eye, and sometimes by a high nose, and thin or linear lips. It is these men, with Arab or Celtic blood in their veins, who have so long struggled with oppression. "It is usual," says an anonymous writer, of the Irish, "to exclaim against the ferocity of the lower orders, and charge as an ineradicable stain on the national character, the frightful crimes committed in these periodical paroxysms. God forbid we should not feel as deep a horror at those sanguinary deeds, as any other individual in the empire; but if we wish to understand the real feelings and motives of the Irish peasant, we must always bear in mind, that he considers himself engaged in a war with the law and all its adherents, civil and military, where he is perfectly justified in using every sort of stratagem. All his conduct must be estimated in that light. It is a state of open hostility between two parties, whose business it is to deceive and kill as many as they can. If he shoot a man from behind a fence, it is not an assassination, it is merely an ambush, if he intercept a proctor, it is a party of the enemy cut off,—if six or seven policemen be killed, it is a brilliant infantry affair,. - - if a house be burned down, the peasant would think himself more justifiable than Sir G. Cockburn, when, in the last American war, he reduced - so many private houses to ruins, for he perils more than that gallant officer - he is exposed to two chances, the sword and the halter." Here the maze is in some measure, unravelled, the mystery cleared, so far as regards public and political affairs. CHARACTERS OF THE ENGLISH, SCOTS, AND IRISH. To judge of the effects of civil, political, or religious institutions, without a knowledge of the character of the people to whom they refer, is impossible. The differences of character, even in the nations comprising the British empire, are very great. These differences of character are not more remarkable than the accompanying, and apparently corresponding, differences of organization. Hostile to the mysticism and empiricism of the phrenologists, I am yet, with their more reasoning predecessors in physiology, satisfied, that character and organization are inseparably united. — But of this afterwards. The manner in which national character is formed, is a subject at once of great curiosity, and of the very highest importance. As I am not aware that any thing has yet been written about it, I shall briefly notice it here. We know, perhaps, of no existing nation which |