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other, or be interchanged, in expression, and as the under-jaw and chin form the most important instrument of voice, - they may evidently be taken as representatives of that with which they are thus associated and interchangeable in expression,they may be regarded as an epitome of the locomotive system, and as indicating its qualities.*

* Of the teeth, Mr. Murphy says, "The often repeated indulgence of any particular passion, may give to a countenance a cast expressive of that passion; but no action or disposition of the mind can have the least tendency to make the teeth long, or short, to regulate their order, or to render them sound and beautiful."

The egregious error committed here is in supposing, that the passions only act on the organization, whereas the organization is an essential condition, if not the cause, of the passions. Thus, though no passions may be capable of making the teeth long or short, long or short teeth may, even if not a condition or cause of passion, be inseparably connected with, or be a concomitant effect of, certain passions or rather certain dispositions.

This in fact is the error here committed: the teeth are a

SECTION VII.- Correspondence between some Parts of the Face and posterior Parts of the Head.

It is peculiarly remarkable, that the projection of the occiput on which, as I have said, depends the exercise of passion, corresponds accurately with the projection of the alveolar processes and teeth, or rather of the lips on which depend the gratification and expression of passion; so that the prominence of the posterior part of the brain may always be predicted from the prominence of that part of the face.

This I mention merely as corroborating the view I have taken of the functions of the two parts.

portion of the motive, not of the mental, system, and they can directly indicate the functions only of the motive system; but as all the systems of the body are connected and influence each other, broad and short teeth, which indicate stability and firmness of the motive system, may easily be associated with the same qualities in the mental system, and therefore may indicate these; and narrow and long teeth, which indicate instability and feebleness in the motive system, may also be easily associated with the same qualities in the mental system, and therefore may indicate these.

The correspondence which I have next to mention

of the cerebellum or organ of motion, with certain bony and muscular parts of the jaws which obey its most important mandates, as to food, voice, &c. is interesting, not only on account of this corroboration of previous views, but as enabling the student, by an examination of the face, accurately to predict the breadth and the length of the cerebellum, which, owing to its being in a great measure surrounded by the muscles of the neck, he could not otherwise determine.

The breadth of the cerebellum, then, corresponds to the breadth of the face over the cheek bones or the prominences of the cheeks; and the length of the cerebellum corresponds to the length of the lower jaw measured from the tip of the chin to the angle. From the cheek bones, arises the greater portion of one of the most important muscles, the masseter, which is inserted into the angle of the jaw, placing it thereby under the controul of the cerebellum, as the organ of volition; and it is remarkable that the breadth of the cerebellum, on which the permanence of its functions depends,

corresponds to the breadth of the fixed bones, and that the length of the cerebellum, on which the intensity of its functions depends, corresponds to the length of the moveable bone.

CONCLUSION.

Thus I have laid down all the great principles of physiognomy. These principles the reader may, with facility, apply critically to the drawings of Lavater, so as to shew the natural laws to which his taste directed him, and on which, in most cases, his judgment was founded, although he failed to detect, define, and enunciate them. Such application will, to some readers, facilitate the study. Those, however, who have carefully examined the preceding principles will find least difficulty and greatest advantage in at once applying them to the living figure, head, and face in particular. The diligent practice of a single week will, in this case, give surprising ease in the indication of character.

APPENDIX,

ON

THE BONES AT HYTHE,

THE SCULLS OF THE ANCIENT INHABITANTS OF BRITAIN AND OF THEIR INVADERS.

Illustrated by Drawings.

HISTORIANS, topographers, tourists, and travellers' guides all make mention of the extraordinary collection of sculls and other bones in the crypt of the church of Hythe, and some add that they are of gigantic size; yet no anthropologist has given any rational account of them.

Being convinced that this is important, not merely as enabling us to confirm some one of the vague accounts of their origin, but, which is of far greater importance, as throwing light on the ancient population and configuration of the head in this country (for this it will be found to do), I now propose to undertake this task -premising some historical statements, as to the ancient fort at Folkestone, and the battle field on which these sculls were found, which are necessary to understanding the general interest which attaches to them.

Folkestone appears to have been known to the Romans, and to have had, in its neighbourhood, a strong fort probably one of those towers which the Romans, under Theodosius the Younger, are said to have built upon the south coast of Britain, to guard it against the depredations of the Saxons. This

* This Paper was originally sketched for one who promised to extend this enquiry. Having failed to do so, the sketch reverts to the writer.

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