longer in the female than male, those through which they descend.* Now, as nervous action must take place more rapidly and intensely through the compressed and narrow cerebrum-more slowly and permanently through the broad or wider one,-it is probable, that the ascending impressions are stronger in the male the descending, in the female; and, in perfect conformity with this, we find that more numerous and stronger impressions in the male, more rarely and weakly excite emotions and passions; whereas fewer and slighter impressions in the female, more frequently and more strongly excite them. As the male cranium is widest posteriorly, even in cavities of equal length, the rarer and weaker emotions and passions of the male are, consistently with the preceding doctrine, more permanent than those of the female. The female calvarium seems in general also nar * See the report of the committee of the National Institute of France, on Gall and Spurzheim's paper on the brain, with critical observations, in the Archives of Universal Science, for July, 1809. rower than that of the male; and hence, all her mental operations, though more intense and brilliant during their continuance, have, on the same principles, less of permanence. With regard to the heads of females, it may also be observed, that the frontal sinuses are less, the glabella less elevated, and the superciliary ridges on which the eyebrows rest less prominent; that the alveolar outline of the upper and lower jaws is more elliptical; that the teeth are less; and that the ossa linqualia, os hyoides, or bone of the tongue is smaller. CHAPTER V. APPLICATION OF THESE PRINCIPLES TO THE VARIETIES OF THE HUMAN SPECIES. ENDEAVOURING to apply his principles to the varieties of the human species in particular, Camper says, it would be impracticable to delineate all the characteristic varieties that exist in nature. We may therefore 1. Consider the Calmuc as being, with regard to the form of his head, the representative of all Asia (from Siberia to New Zealand), and also of North America; as it is more than probable that the people of that country are descended from the northern Asiatics. Of this variety, the facial an gle is, according to Camper, less than that of the following one.* 2. The head of an European may be considered as a specimen of all Europe, Turkey, Persia and the largest part of Arabia, as far as Indostan.— Of this variety, the facial angle is greatest. 3. The head of an Angolese negro may be substituted for all Africa, also for the Hottentots (who do not materially differ from the Negroes), for the Caffres, and for the natives of Madagascar. — Of this variety, the facial angle is least. The Moluccans seem to have blended together the characteristics of the Asiatic and of the African; and Blumenbach, as will be seen, avails himself of this hint to form them into a different variety.+ Now, although the mere use of Camper's facial line by no means affords sufficient marks of dis * This assertion has induced Sömmerring to say " Calvaria Petro Campero calvaria Calmucci visa ab eodemque delineata et descripta, calvaria potius Nigrittæ videtur.” + Camper, in his Dissert. sur les Variét. Nat. de Physion. des Hommes, etc. p. 16 et 17, Paris, 1792, 4to, mentions not only this variety, but also the American. CHAPTER V. APPLICATION OF THESE PRINCIPLES TO THE VARIETIES OF THE HUMAN SPECIES. ENDEAVOURING to apply his principles to the varieties of the human species in particular, Camper says, it would be impracticable to delineate all the characteristic varieties that exist in nature. We may therefore 1. Consider the Calmuc as being, with regard to the form of his head, the representative of all Asia (from Siberia to New Zealand), and also of North America; as it is more than probable that the people of that country are descended from the northern Asiatics. Of this variety, the facial an |