IF you are desirous of beholding the elegant farm which combines every species of agricultural pursuit, and exhibits, especially in the breed of cattle, a high degree of perfection, you may go to Massachusets, Rhodisland, and New York, and you will even find in the environs of Boston, Providence, and New York, farms rivalling those of England, although a smaller capital is employed upon them.

If you wish to see the solid farmer who prides himself upon shewing his lands in the most improved state, you should visit the German-American about Germantown, Reading, Lebanon, and Lancaster in Pennsylvania; and you readily discover the traits of German descent in a breed of horses more robust, but less elegant, and in a less degree of attention to the breed of cattle, but you will see fields highly cultivated and protected by substantial fences, together with solid farm-buildings.

The poor German or Irish settler, whose hard beginning is neither favoured by capital, nor by property acquired by inheritance, and who has no other resources than his faithful axe, and the labour of himself and of his wife, will be found in the north-eastern part of Pennsylvania. Incessant hard labour, during twenty-five years, though it has left him a contented, has not made him a wealthy, freeholder. His industrious habits have become natural, and though in the possession of two or four hundred acres of land, and perhaps more, he undergoes the same fatigues and toils as at his first outset. Many of these people came twenty or twenty-five years ago to America, and were sold as redemptionists; in a few years they earned their freedom, and their first business was to marry, and in the company of their buxom wives to travel to the western part of Pennsylvania. There, perhaps, they found an unsettled tract of land, became naturalized, and after a few years they took out the fee-simple from the land-office, and thus grew into independent freeholders.

The gentleman farmer lives in a style of proud -hospitality; a tobacco planter on the James river

(in Virginia), surrounded by a herd of slaves

whom he is now selling, like a true aristocrat, to Louisiana, his lands beginning to be exhausted by frequent tobacco crops.

His descent from four or five ancestors who before him were possessed of this plantation, and having a certain number of tenants to whom he leases small parcels of poor lands which he cannot turn to any account, and who always appear before him with hat in hand, are circumstances which have contributed to give him an idea of self-importance, have tended to disturb his notions of republican freedom, and to establish in his mind the firm conviction, that his own will is to be the supreme law to all who are so happy as to come into contact with so consequential a personage.

There is nothing repugnant to his feelings in the thought of transforming his plantation into a lordship. He declares, without disguise, that Virginia and its appendages, the other twentythree States, will never be happy unless the constitution of Great Britain be introduced, at least so far as relates to Lords and Commons. In this case he would condescend to accept the title and dignity of a lord, leaving the Commons to

his poor ds of neighbours, the people of Pennsylvania and New York.

However great has been the progress of agriculture in New England, New York, Pennsylvania, in many points, Ohio and Illinois have got the start of them. Nowhere will the energy and enterprising spirit of the American farmer be seen to such advantage as in the latter States: Nature has destined Pennsylvania rather for a manufacturing country, owing to its inexhaustible mines of coal, iron-ore, and perhaps precious metals. New York and the New England States are invited to commercial pursuits by the vicinity of the Atlantic shores, whereas the inhabitants of Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois, must of necessity be farmers. And if we are to judge from what has been done in the thirty-six years of the settlement of these States, farming will obtain in it the highest degree of perfection.

It is truly astonishing what the labour of a few years, and, comparatively speaking, of a few hands, has performed in these countries. He who traverses the colossal maple, and beech forests of Ohio, will often unexpectedly enter a lane which runs deep into the woods and indi

cates a farm. The fences are quite new; the fields bear a striking resemblance to a decaying forest, the immense trees had been killed in the preceding spring by means of a wide ring cut into the bark to prevent the rising of the sap.

Between these withered trees Welshcorn is planted, which, notwithstanding the branches that are strewed upon the ground, and the luxuriant growth of underwood and weeds of every description, springs up with astonishing rapidity. A second lane brings you to the humble mansion of the farmer; and judging from the grayish aspect of the fences, and of the barkless trees, whose feebler branches having disappeared, stretch their giant arms into the air in proud memorial of their former grandeur, you will conclude this land has been under improvement for two years. The finest wheat grows between the trees, and rises to the height of a man. As you advance, the ridge declines into bottom lands, and the meadows appear. Here the trees are partly killed, partly verdant, to protect the grass from the rays of the sun. On the other side are the orchard newly laid out, parcels of land for hemp and flax, and close to the house the kitchen-garden. The dwelling-house is built with logs, having the