in China without our cotton; she will not go to war with us on any subject in this, the nineteenth century, unless it be on a subject affecting her national honour. Now, therefore, is the .propitious time to settle this. I admit that there are some very dangerous symptoms between the two counties, and I am sorry for it. For the last two or three years her abuse of us, in every way, shape, and manner, through her public press, that most powerful engine, has exceeded all bounds. Her magazines have abused our literature, her press our institutions; and all in a way that I never remember anything like it. And although our large cities may contain many friendly to England, and although at a dinner there the President may be drunk in silence, and Queen Victoria with loud cheers, yet the great mass of the American people will remember the wrongs they have suffered, and be ready to avenge them. And the senators may amuse themselves by the endearing names of 'mother' and 'daughter,' yet she has always been a cruel step-mother to this country. And the American people still feel that there is one calamity worse than war,-and that is, national dishonour. Therefore, I am for asserting our rights in a manly manner, and not yield one inch, nor postpone for an hour, but give this notice at once, and send our citizens out to this territory under the protection of the laws of the land." . During the course of this same month, the embarrassments of the New Zealand Company, and their unsuccessful negotiation with the Government, led to an abrupt suspension of their proceedings. Since that period they have issued a report, accompanied with a very voluminous appendix, and have obtained a select Committee of the House of Commons to examine into the causes which have produced this suspension of their operations. The public will no doubt be made fully acquainted with the circumstances which have induced so powerful and wealthy a Company to adopt this course; and, in the meantime, I have no hesitation in expressing my thorough conviction that the cause of systematic Emigration and Colonization will be in no measure damaged by any of the casualties that have occurred in connexion with that Company. On the 24th of April, the attention of the House of Commons was called to the facts connected with the rise, progress, and fall of the British American Association, by a petition on behalf of the Executive Board, which was presented by Mr. Maclean the Member for Oxford, and which has since been printed with the votes of the House. During the last month, the attention of the public has been further powerfully directed to the subject of Emigration and Colonization, by the facts which have recently transpired relative to the proceedings of the North American Colonial Association of Ireland. From the report of the Directors, made to a special meeting on the 23rd of May, it appears that a vast expenditure of money has taken place, but that no act of Colonization, during the ten years of the Company's existence, has been carried on. The general annual report of the Colonial Land and Emigration Commissioners, presented to parliament, and ordered to be printed in April, has just issued from the press; and after adverting to the very serious declension of Emigration to Canada, as contrasted with the preceding year, (the decrease amounting to 22,647,) they state that there had been a marked diminution in the mortality among the Emigrant,-a fact which speaks loudly as to the beneficial restrictions and regulations of the new passengers' act. Since my last return to England, my time and attention has been entirely devoted to the abridgment and compilation of the great mass of matter in my possession, bearing on this vital and interesting national subject, and which I now present to the public in the shape of this volume. It now remains for me to conclude, by exhibiting proofs as to the perfect practicability of the system of Colonization I have advocated, and a corroboration of my views of the immense importance of the firm retention of our North American Colonies, from the statement of eminent authorities in the United States, and of the various Governors who have presided over the British provinces. Already I have shown, by numerous authorities well deserving of attention and respect, the necessity of Emigration for the relief of the home population; I have equally set forth the earnest desire which exists in the Colony to receive it, and instanced, as the most conclusive evidence of this desire, the willingness of the proprietary to devote portions of their territory in free grants to actual settlers. I now proceed to show that the combination of land, capital, and surplus population might be rendered mutually serviceable and available, in carrying on a large, creditable, and profitable Colonization. Although in the adduction of these proofs, I shall confine myself to Canada, I am by no means insensible of the great value of our other possessions in Nova Scotia, Cape Breton, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward's Island,-all these Colonies having vast and singular advantages attached to them in territorial extent, soil, climate, fisheries, mines, and every element for individual prosperity and national greatness. For the present, however, I restrict my observations to Canada, giving for necessary elucidation a faint outline of its geographical extent. It is bounded on the east by the Gulf of the St. Lawrence and the Atlantic Ocean; on the north, by the Hudson's Bay territory; on the west, by the Pacific Ocean; and on the south, by the United States of America. It lies between 41° and 53° north latitude, and between 64° and 143° west longitude. It is usually considered, however, that the western extremity of the province is Goose Lake, near Fort William, on Lake Superior, in 90° 20" west longitude. The length of Canada, thus limited, from east to west, is about 1,000 miles; and its average breadth, from north to south, 300 miles; so that its area is 300,000 square miles, or two and a half times that of Great Britain and Ireland. It is not yet a century since the English rule commenced; at that time, there were but about 70,000 inhabitants in all Canada. Quebec was founded in 1608. Wolfe fought on the Plains of Abraham in 1752, and the province was confirmed to Casting a glance at Kingstra, and 54) miles from Tiran. the mag. is will be seen that a ze dne south from Quebec passes very dear to Boston: a ne ise west passes through the centre of Lake Superior and the head waters of the Mississippi. Standing upon the dome of the House of Assembly at Quebec, and locking north, the eye akes in all the extent of cultivation between Cape Diamond and the North Pole: locking southeast, you can alioss see the State of Maine, and are within less than 300 miles of its sea coast. A me on the A line on the map due south from Montreal passes near the city of New York; a line dze east, from the same point, passes through the middle of the State of Maine; a line due south from Kingston in Upper Canada passes near to Harrisburg-a line due south from Toronto passes near to Pittsburg: a line due east from the same point passes not far from Whitehall, at the head of Lake Chaplain, and still nearer to Portsmouth, in New Hampshire; while Malden comes down to as low a parallel of latitude as the northern line of Pennsylvania, and of Connecticut. Canada is the immediate and intimate neighbour of the United States from Michigan to Maine inclusive, to say nothing of the northwest. The New York frontier alone upon Canada is five hundred miles; separated, however, through this whole extent, with the exception of the distance from Lake Chaplain to the St. Lawrence, by the river St. Lawrence, Lake Ontario, the Niagara river and Lake Erie. Of this boundary the St. Lawrence constitutes about one hundred miles. Connected with the majestic estuary of the St. Lawrence is a magnificent chain of lakes, whose bordering territory, from the character of the soil and its various resources, is already the most agricultural section of British America; and the expansive field of commerce spread out by these noble waters, is in all respects proportioned to the magnitude and fertility of the domain which they adorn. The numerous ports by which they are indented are not only depôts of trade, but important points of shipment, and must become, as the country settles, and communications are made to their banks, the sole outlets for the products of the interior of the bordering territory. Thus the rapid commercial growth of Kingston, Cobourg, Toronto, and Hamilton, on Lake Ontario, will be followed by a similar advance at Port Stanley and Amherstburg, on Lake Erie; as well as on Lake Huron, at Goderich, and Owen's Bay, the most spacious and beautiful basin in America: and as Emigration presses upon the vast lands in the vicinity of these lakes, laying open broad tracts of cultivated fields upon the ruins of the wilderness, prosperous villages and cities will spring up on the most prominent points of their shores, amply repaying the enterprise embarked in the successful prosecution of this object. When Jacques Cartier penetrated the interior of Canada, as early as 1535, he found fields of Indian corn along its shores; and to view the boundless tracts of rich and fertile land still unsettled, after a lapse of three centuries, it could scarcely be believed that this huge domain, so easily accessible, was an integral part and portion of a country, the great mass of whose population were in a state of alarming destitution, unemployed, and rapidly augmenting. In 1806 the population of Upper and Lower 1816 Canada amounted to 270,718 333,550 580,450 From 1831 to 1836, the number of Emigrants from the United Kingdom who landed at Quebec and Montreal, was 194,936. The increase in the districts of Quebec, Montreal, and Three Rivers, between 1831 and 1836, was 70,789. The population |