Manufactures.-Number of grist mills, 1; run of stone, 2-steam; saw mills, 5, steam; lumber sawed per day, 12,000 feet, valued at $240; cost of construction, $150,000.

Ferries, Bridges, etc.—Ferries, 5; bridges, 1; 25 miles of turnpike roads; cost, $12,500.

Mineral Resources.-Nearly the entire surface of this county abounds in mineral wealth. There is probably not a creek or gulch, of any extent, which does not exhibit the evidence of the existence of gold. Quartz veins are also found throughout the county, and it is estimated that over five hundred mills could be supplied for years with rock, paying from sixteen to twenty dollars per tun.

The celebrated Fremont Grant is located within the center of this county, and it will fully justify all that has been said of its great mineral richness. This grant may be probably divided into four great mineral sections, viz: Guadalupe, about five miles in length and four in width; Agua Frio, six miles in length and three in width; Bear Valley, a district celebrated for its richness; and Mariposa Creek, which includes the town of Mariposa and a district of valuable mineral land twelve miles in length by two in width. It is estimated, that over three thousand sluice-heads of water could be used to advantage within the boundaries of this district.

The mining population of this county have long experienced the want of an abundant supply of water to prosecute their labors with success. It is thought, that when the extent of the resources of the county is fully understood, capitalists will be induced to advance the amount necessary for the construction of such facilities as will afford a sufficient supply of water throughout the year, and thereby render productive one of the richest mineral regions of the State.

Quartz Mills.-Number of mills, 32; aggregate of stamps, 310; arastras, 95; cost of machinery, $380,000.

Silver.-An extensive vein of silver ore at Quartzburg, is now being worked with considerable success.

Ditches and Canals.-Number of ditches, 10; aggregate length, 65 miles; cost of construction, $145,000.

Yo Semite Falls.-The valley of the Yo Semite is situated near the head waters of the Merced River. The picturesque character of this valley is thus described by a distinguished Californian. Speaking of the valley and falls, he says: "It is a world in itself. After having spent and traveled for more than twenty years in South America, over the Republic of Chile, Bolivia and part of Peru, he never beheld before in his life, not even in the Andes of South America, any scenery to be compared in sublimity, or so varied, as that of the Yo Semite Valley. Taking into consideration the astonishing hight of the falls the innumerable and bold precipices which form the sides of the valley-the beautiful meadows below, and the limpid, clear river winding tranquilly for eight miles in the valley, belted on each side by the noble oaks, pines and poplars, throwing their shadows such as no artist could ever picture.

The whole hight is twenty-six hundred feet;* its first leap is over fifteen hundred feet, the stream then runs foaming and roaring down a stony, deep channel, and then makes a leap of five hundred feet until it reaches a perpendicular hight of six hundred feet above the valley, where it splashes or rather drags itself down the side of the rocks, into its wide basin below. The rapids between these falls are nearly three-quarters of a mile in-width.

Mammoth Tree Grove.-The valley in which these trees are situated, is about midway between Mariposa and the Yo Semite Valley. The grove consists of three hundred and seventy-five trees, of which nearly one hundred and fifty are over forty feet in circumference; the largest measuring one hundred and two feet. There is a portion of a monster tree lying on the ground which is estimated to have been, when standing, over four hundred feet in hight, and one hundred and twenty feet in circumference, the largest tree yet discovered.

Finances, May, 1858.-Funded debt, $10,334, ten per cent.; floating, $21,492; interest on registered portion, ten per cent; cash in Treasury, $2,787 79; actual debt, $29,038 21; receipts for fiscal year, $34,000; expenditures, same period, $24,000.

Attorneys.-Mariposa : S. B. Alison, H. Clark, Nicholas Cleary, R. H. Daly, Alex'r Deering, B. B. Harris, Samuel A. Merritt, L. W. Talbott, A. F. Washburn, H. G. Worthington.

Physicians.-Bear Valley: Dr. Moore, Dr. Riddle; Coulterville: Dr. Thompson; Hornitos: A. D. Boyce, H. S. Brockway, Dr. Lewis, Dr. MacCaffrey, E. S. Prescott, Dr. Rhidenaugh; Mariposa City: J. L. Clarke, W. D. Cowan, A. J. Grandvoinet, W. S. Kavanaugh.

XVI. MENDOCINO COUNTY.†

Mendocino County was created by act of the Legislature, 1850, but has not as yet been organized. Boundaries: North by Humboldt, east by Colusa and Napa, south by Sonoma and the Pacific Ocean and west by the Pacific Ocean. Topography. There is a large extent of land in this county well adapted for agricultural and grazing purposes. The growth of timber is very abundant; principally oak, redwood and pine. Many of the trees will measure from fifty to seventy-five feet in circumference. Number of acres in cultivation, two thousand five hundred.

This county, for judicial and election purposes is attached to Sonoma County.

Agricultural Resources.-There are some of the most productive farms in the State to be seen in this county; every description of produce is raised in abundance. Products: Wheat, 502 acres; barley, 250 acres; oats, 212 acres;

*The Horse Shoe Falls of Niagara are 150 feet perpendicular by 700 feet broad; the fall on the American side is 164 feet perpendicular by 1,050 feet broad.-[ED.

The agricultural products, etc., of this county are included in the aggregates of Sonoma, but as they have been reported separately, we have arranged them under their proper head.-[ED.

rye, 315 acres; beans, 87 acres; potatoes, 169 acres; hay, 256 acres, 300 tuns; vegetables, 125 acres.

Fruit Trees.-Apple, 1,492; pear, 62; cherry, 14; grape, 3,160.

Live Stock.-Horses, (American,) 353, (Spanish,) 5,470, total, 5,823; mules, 95; cattle, (American,) 4,720, (Spanish,) 5,652, oxen, 500—total, 10,872; sheep, 1,433; goats, 15; swine, 2,053.

Manufactures.-Grist mills, 2-water; run of stone, 3; saw mills, 4-water; run of saws, 67; lumber sawed per day, 80,000 feet.

Mineral Springs.-There are several mineral springs, yielding large quantities of carbonate of soda; they also emit carbonic acid gas.

Indian Reservation.-The Mendocino Reservation is located in this county, and there are now gathered thereon several hundred Indians, who appear to be well satisfied and contented with the provisions made by the Federal Government for their care and protection.*

Population.-Number of men, 979; women, 238; children, 254; Indians,

3,820.

Taxable Property.-Assessed value of property, $974,501.

XVII. MERCED COUNTY.

COUNTY SEAT-SNELLING'S.

Merced County, organized 1855. Boundaries: North by Stanislaus and Tuolumne, east by Mariposa, South by Fresno and west by Santa Clara.

Topography. The land in this county is well adapted for agricultural and grazing purposes, but a small portion thereof is mineral. Timber is generally found in abundance in the vicinity of the streams, and it consists of oak and willow, with a small proportion of ash of an inferior quality. Number of acres in cultivation, seventeen hundred and fifty.

Legal Distances.-From Sacramento, one hundred and fifteen miles; from Stockton, seventy miles, and from San Quentin, two hundred miles.

Thirteenth Judicial District.-Hon. Nicholas Cleary, Judge District Court. Sessions, first Monday in February, June and October.

Sixth Senatorial District.-Senator: Hon. Samuel A. Merritt; term expires January, 1861.

Members of Assembly.-Hons. A. J. Gregory and G. H. Crenshaw.

Agricultural Products.-Wheat, 600 acres, 12,000 bushels; barley, 1,000 acres, 25,000 bushels; oats, 5 acres, 100 bushels; corn, 100 acres, 3,000 bushels; beans, 200 acres, 4,080 bushels; onions, 10 acres, 500 bushels; hay, 300 acres, 300 tuns; broom corn, 4 acres, 8,000 pounds; cheese, 2,000 pounds; eggs, 20,000 dozen; wool, 10,000 pounds.

Fruit Trees.-Apple, 3,510; peach, 3,290; pear, 395; plum, 200; cherry, 100; nectarine, 50; quince, 50; apricot, 250; fig, 100; almond, 50. Vines: Strawberry, 5,000; grape, 15,000.

Every description of fruit appears to thrive well, peach trees often producing fruit in two years from the seed.

Live Stock.-Horses, (American,) 300, (Spanish, tame,) 1,000, (Spanish, wild,) 2,000-total number of horses, 3,300; mules, 300; asses, 100; stock cattle, (including cows and calves,) 20,000, beef cattle, 1,000, oxen, 200―total number of cattle, 21,200; sheep, 4,000; hogs, 1,000; poultry, 7,274.

Stock raising is an important pursuit with many of the citizens, and it will not be many years before this county will be second to no other in this branch of business.

Manufactures.-Number of grist mills, 3—water; total run of stone, 5; assessed value, $8,000.

Bridges and Ferries.-Number of bridges, 1, value, $10,000; ferries, 2, value, $3,000.

Finances.-Floating debt, $4,000, cash in treasury, $400-total debt, $3,600; receipts for past fiscal year, $5,600; expenditures same period, $5,950; assessed value of property, $769,687.

Attorneys.-Forlorn Hope; J. W. Smith; Merced Falls: R. B. Hall; Merced River: S. H. P. Ross; Snelling's: L. W. Talbot.

Physicians.-Mariposa Creek: John W. Bradford; Merced River: Wm. J. Barfield, Joshua Griffith; Snelling's: J. W. Fitzhugh, David C. McCroskey.

XVIII. MONTEREY COUNTY.

COUNTY SEAT-MONTEREY.

Monterey County, organized 1850. Boundaries: North by Santa Clara and Santa Cruz, east by the Coast Range, south by San Luis Obispo and west by the Pacific Ocean.

Topography. This county is principally a stock-raising district. There is an abundance of timber, consisting of pine, redwood, ash and a species of white oak-nearly as firm as the best of the Eastern States. It is estimated that within the limits of the county, there are about two hundred and fifty

thousand acres of land susceptible of cultivation, a large part of which, including the valleys of Pajaro, San Juan, Carmelo, and the northern portion of the Salinas, is of the finest quality. Number of acres in cultivation, two thousand nine hundred and fifty-four.

Legal Distances.-From Sacramento, two hundred and forty-five miles; from Stockton, two hundred and forty-five miles, and from San Quentin, one hundred and thirty miles.

Third Judicial District.-Hon. Sam Bell McKee, Judge District Court. Sessions, fourth Monday in April, August and December.

County Courts.-Terms of the Court of Sessions: First Monday of February, April, June, August, October and December. County Court and Probate Court immediately thereafter. Special terms whenever necessary.

Third Senatorial District.-Senator: Hon. D. S. Gregory; term expires January, 1860.

Member of Assembly.-Hon. M. Malarin.

History.—The following interesting description of this county, is taken from the report of J. R. Porter, Esq., County Assessor, 1856:

"Its chief tropical characteristic is the Salinas Plain, which opens at the bay of Monterey and runs up to near the mission of San Miguel, a distance of some ninety miles in length, and in breadth from two to ten miles; it contains some two hundred thousand acres of good agricultural lands, the remainder is excellent pasture for horn stock, horses and sheep.

The valley of San Juan Bautista, and that portion of Gilroy belonging to the county, comprise some of the most fertile and salubrious lands in the State. The plain lands of the county are divided into about seven ranchos, which at present are mostly used for pasture. The Coast Range of mountains contains, also, its sub-valleys, which are in every respect admirably situated for the raising of stock for the supply of the southern gold mines, and these tracts have been more settled this year than before-many rancheros driving their stock from the western plains, and pasturing on the rich grasses of these sub-valleys and mountain slopes, and which have very materially assisted to keep the stock of the county in condition this year. These subvalleys of the Coast Range are better adapted for sheep raising than any other portion of California; at one time the missions of San Miguel and San