upon them that the foundations of Indian development under British rule depend. This book has been written primarily for the use of the student. The study of Indian history in Indian schools and universities has been degraded by the use, or rather abuse, of text-books. Yet there is no lack of original material, which may be accounted for by the necessity of the British rulers explaining their actions to the Court of Directors in England. It is our desire, therefore, to induce the Indian student to turn more readily to these writings and to learn from them the great events and the motives of the chief actors in the history of his own country. One of the chief objects of historical study is to inculcate in the student the power of judging facts and drawing his own deductions. We have therefore tried to provide the Indian undergraduate with the facts, and leave him to complete the task. trust also that the period of history dealt with in this volume is of such interest and importance that it may also appeal to some extent to the general reader. If such be the case, we would ask him to forgive our deficiencies and remember our primary object in writing this book. We In the spelling of proper names we have tried as far as possible to make such alterations in the excerpts as are necessary to ensure a certain degree of uniformity. In conclusion we have pleasure in expressing our appreciation of the kind courtesy of the following Publishers in allowing us to take extracts from their copyright publications as specified. If in any case we may have included any extract for which special permission should have been obtained we can only ask the Publishers' indulgence, and assure them that the oversight has been inadvertent. Messrs. George Allen & Unwin, Ltd.: Archdeacon Hare's "Story of Two Noble Lives." Messrs. Blackwood & Sons: "Private Letters of the Marquess of Dalhousie." Sir G. W. Forrest's "History of the Indian Mutiny," and " Life of F.M. Sir Neville Chamberlain." Messrs. Constable & Co., Ltd.: Sir C. Metcalfe's "Two Native Narratives of the Mutiny of Delhi." The Delegates of the Clarendon Press: Mr. D. C. Boulger's "Lord W. Bentinck." Sir H. S. Cunningham's "Earl Canning." Messrs. Hutchinson & Co.: North's 'Journal of an Indian Officer in India." Messrs. Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co., Ltd.: Lady Edwardes' "Memorials of Sir H. B. Edwardes." Messrs. Longmans, Green & Co.: Sir J. W. Kaye and Mr. G. B. Malleson's "History of the Indian Mutiny." Messrs. Macmillan & Co., Ltd.: Sir W. Lee-Warner's "Life of Dalhousie." Lord Roberts' "Forty-one Years in India." Mr. John Murray Sir A. Lyall's "British Dominion in India." Mr. A. C. Benson and Viscount Esher's "Letters of Queen Victoria." Messrs. Smith, Elder & Co.: Mr. R. Bosworth Smith's "Life of Lord Lawrence. Sir H. B. Edwardes' and Mr. H. Merivale's " Life of Sir H. Lawrence." CONTENTS I. The Need of a Frontier Policy: Sir Alfred Lyall 2. The Defence of India: (i) Lord William Bentinck, 3. The Genesis of the First Afghan War : Keene PAGE 16. Sir Henry Lawrence: Bosworth Smith 17. Sir Henry Hardinge's Policy towards the Sikhs: (i) Sir Robert Peel, (ii) Sir Henry Hardinge 18. Causes of the Second Sikh War: (i) Edwin Arnold, 19. Inscription on a Monument in Multan 20. The Battle of Chillianwalla: Sir Henry Havelock 21. The Appointment of Sir Charles Napier : W. M. 522 23. The Annexation of the Punjab: Lord Dalhousie 24. The Conditions of Peace: Proclamation 25. The Koh-i-noor Diamond: Edwin Arnold 26. The Administration of the Punjab: Sir W. Lee- THE DISCONTENT OF THE SEPOY. OUTBREAK OF THE 33. Dangerous State of the Bengal Army: 34. Causes of the Mutiny: (i) Sir Henry Lawrence, |