The Doctor obferves, that this was a Quarter, in which were fourteen Weeks, and of which the Commoner was not abfent from the Hall one Day, and that the pure Commons and Battels of the whole Quarter amount to no more than

Add to this, the Cook and Butler's Salaries for 14 Weeks. Decrements

Allowance to Domus

Allowance to the Servitor

for waiting

1.03

7

7

00

9

4

00 4

2

00

00

3

26

The whole Expence of Eating and Drinking, and of the Accommodations and Attend-04 ance and Service relating thereto, comes but to

relatingS

3 10

Which is 5s. 11 d. 4. per Week, or 10d. 4. each Day, (only three Half-pence over).

From hence it appears, that the ordinary Expences of a College Life, including Chamber-Rent, Tuition and Officers Stipends,

pends, does not amount to eight Pounds a Quarter, or thirty-two Pounds per Annum ; and if it fhould be admitted, that the Expences are something more in other Colleges, and we add forty Shillings a Quarter, or eight Pounds per Annum to the Account; then the whole Expences will amount to but forty Pounds per Annum; and yet there is fcarce a Commoner in the University that fpends lefs than fixty Pounds per Annum, and many of them upwards of fourscore; and confequently there must be other Expences that are not mentioned in Dr. Newton's Particular.

And first, the Article of Linnen is no inconfiderable one; every Commoner almost puts on a clean Shirt every Day; whereas formerly one ferved him a Week; so that here is the Purchase of Linnen, and the washing of it to be added.

Their Barber is another Expence, for they must be curled and powder'd every Day; but these are Trifles compared to their Extraordinaries for eating and drinking: Few of them live upon their Commons; and what they have befides they pay extravagantly for, either to the College Cook, the Eating-house, or Tavern; and when they entertain a Friend it is at a very great Expence, as well in Liquor as Eatables. Befides, if they hunt, fcheme, frequent Taverns and Game, their Expences are bound

lefs.

upon

lefs. Their very Horfe-hire is a Crown a
Day, when they hunt; and if they vifit
London, a Purfe of Guineas is abfolutely ne-
ceffary: Six Hours carries them to London,
if they do not break the Horse's Heart
the Road: This and all their extravagant
Frolicks in that great Town are charged to
the Expence of University Education; and
it is very true, the Charges of fome of these
Gentlemen would be much less, if London
were at a greater Distance from the Univer
fity. But there is another ordinary and ne-
ceffary Expence I had almoft forgot, and
that is Firing, which is very dear at Oxford.

At their firft Entrance into the University also there are fome very heavy Articles, as ten, fifteen, and fometimes upwards of twenty Pounds for the Furniture of a Room; fix or feven Pounds for a Gown, Surplice and Cap; ten or fifteen Pounds CautionMoney Of which, the laft indeed is return'd at their leaving the University; but whoever confiders the other Articles, and the contingent Expences they are liable to in Cafe of Sickness or other Accidents, will not think it ftrange, if a Commoner fpends threefcore, and fometimes one hundred Pounds per Annum, at the Univerfity. I proceed in the next Place to extract fome of Dr. Newton's excellent Remarks on University Education.

Colleges

Colleges and Halls in the UNIVERSITY (the Doctor obferves) were erected and defigned for the Reception and good Education of the Youth of the Kingdom; allow ed and countenanced by Publick Authority for that End; forafmuch as the Public hath an Undoubted Intereft in fuch their good Education.

Young Men are Enter'd in these Houses of Learning, in a State of Minority, for their Improvement in the Knowledge of Religion, of Moral Virtue, of Liberal Arts, Governors and Tutors are to them in the room of Parents and Guardians. Now is the hazardous and difficult Time of Life; Here is a Step made into the wide World; the Scene of Conversation is enlarged; the Paffions begin to fhew themselves in their Strength; Variety of Temptations, fuited to their dif ferent Tempers, furrounds them; They are, at the fame time, without Experience, and without Caution; without Judgment, and abounding in the Conceit of it; Fearlefs of Danger, being yet unhurt; Fond of Pleafures; Impatient of Reftraint; Expofed to Flattery, Artifice, and Defign; eafily fpirited up to Animofity, Refentment, Oppofition.

In these Circumftances there evidently appears a Neceffity of Rules and Statutes in every Society, whereby to regulate the

Conduct

Conduct, and direct the Studies of their respective Members.

These the Piety and Wisdom of Founders have provided, and Royal Grants have establish'd throughout the UNIVERSITY. And it is the Duty of Governors and Tutors to take care, that they be neither Partially Executed by Themfelves, nor Disputed, or Eluded by Others.

It has been often faid, That those, who have lived Loofely, and Irregularly in the UNIVERSITY, have generally proved the greatest Enemies to it after they have been gone from it. I believe This to be very True. The Reason affigned for their Difpleasure, is, that they Ought to have been Reftrained, and Were not. This, if it be True, is a very Good Reafon. The Anfwer I have heard given to it, is, that, if a Governor or Tutor had Attempted to restrain them, they would have Left the Houfe. This Anfwer, if it fatisfy Thofe who have Occafion to make it, will not, I doubt, be fatisfactory to any body elfe. The Generality of the World will ftill be perfuaded, there was rather Indolence, or Pufilanimity, or Attachment to little private Interests, in the Governor or Tutor, than that Proper Restraints are not to be laid upon Loose and Irregular Youth in the Place of their Education.

What