with equal efficiency. Gross weight in spec. 12B65 boxes may be more than 65 but not more than 80 pounds provided net weight of contents does not exceed 50 pounds.

(4) Spec. 21C (§ 178.224 of this chapter). Fiber drums. Authorized only for cyclohexanone peroxide over 50 percent concentration but not exceeding 85 percent concentration, benzoyl peroxide wet with at least 30 percent water, and dimethylhexane dihydroperoxide, which materials must be packed in a plastic inside container, securely closed, and formed of polyethylene film sheets having minimum thickness of 0.002 inch except for benzoyl peroxide wet with at least 30 percent water, which shall require a minimum thickness of 0.004 inch. Authorized net weight in one outside container shall not exceed 50 pounds for cyclohexanone peroxide, 100 pounds for dimethylhexane dihydroperoxide, and 225 pounds for benzoyl peroxide.

[29 F.R. 18709, Dec. 29, 1964, as amended by Order 67, 30 F.R. 7421, June 5, 1965; Order 71, 31 F.R. 9070, July 1, 1966]

§ 173.158 Benzoyl peroxide, dry, chlorobenzoyl peroxide (para), dry, cyclohexanone peroxide, dry, dimethylhexane dihydroperoxide, dry, lauroyl peroxide, dry, or succinic acid peroxide, dry.

(a) Benzoyl peroxide, dry, chlorobenzoyl peroxide (para), dry, cyclohexanone peroxide over 50 percent concentration but not exceeding 85 percent concentration, dry, dimethylhexane dihydroperoxide, dry, lauroyl peroxide, dry, or succinic acid peroxide, dry, must be packed in specification containers as follows:

(1) Spec. 15A or 15B (§ 178.168 or § 178.169 of this chapter). Wooden boxes, with inside fiber containers securely closed by taping or gluing, or inside securely closed paper bags lined with 0.002 inch thick polyethylene, not over 1 pound capacity each. Except for lauroyl peroxide, dry, each inside container must be surrounded by asbestos or fire-resistant cushioning material which will protect contents with equal efficiency. Net weight in outside container must not exceed 50 pounds, except that for lauroyl peroxide, dry, net weight not over 100 pounds is authorized.

(2) Spec. 21C (§ 178.224 of this chapter). Fiber drums. Authorized only for dimethylhexane dihydroperoxide, dry, which must be packed in a plastic con

tainer, securely closed, and formed of polyethylene film sheets having minimum thickness of 0.002 inch, and lauroyl peroxide, dry. Authorized net weight not over 100 pounds in one outside container.

(3) Spec. 12B (§ 178.205 of this chapter). Fiberboard boxes, with inside fiber containers securely closed by taping or gluing, or inside securely closed paper bags lined with polyethylene not less than 0.002 inch thick, not over 1 pound capacity each. Except for lauroyl peroxide, dry, each inside container must be surrounded by asbestos or fire-resistant cushioning material which will protect the contents with equal efficiency. Gross weight in Spec. 12B65 boxes may be more than 65 but not more than 80 pounds provided net weight of contents does not exceed 50 pounds.

§ 173.159 Burnt cotton.

(a) "Burnt cotton" is cotton that has been on fire and from which the burnt portions have not been removed by repicking. It must not be offered for transportation until not less than 10 days have elapsed since the last evidence of fire in it. It must be marked and described on shipping orders and bills of lading as "Burnt Cotton, Yellow Label", and cars containing any quantity of it must be protected by the "Dangerous" placard.

(b) Burnt cotton must not be offered for transportation by rail express.

(c) When burnt cotton is picked and baled the separated cotton is not classed as a dangerous article and is not subject to Parts 171-179 and 397 of this title. § 173.160 Calcium chlorite and sodium chlorite.

(a) Calcium chlorite and sodium chlorite must be packed in specification containers as follows:

(1) Spec. 15A, 15B, 15C, 16A or 19A (§§ 178.168, 178.169, 178.170, 178.185 or 178.190 of this chapter). Wooden boxes with inside containers which must be glass or earthenware not over 21⁄4 pounds capacity each or metal not over 5 pounds capacity each.

(2) Spec. 6A, 6B, or 6C (§§ 178.97, 178.98 or 178.99 of this chapter). Metal barrels or drums.

(3) Spec. 17E, 17H, 37A, or 37B (§§ 178.116, 178.118, 178.131 or 178.132 of this chapter). Metal drums (singletrip).

(a) Calcium phosphide must be packed in specification containers as follows:

(1) Spec. 15A or 15B (§§ 178.168 or 178.169 of this chapter). Wooden boxes lined, spec. 2F (§ 178.25 of this chapter), and with hermetically sealed inside containers.

(2) Spec. 6A, 6B, or 6C (§§ 178.97, 178.98, or 178.99 of this chapter). Metal barrels or drums.

§ 173.162 Charcoal.

(a) Charcoal as described in this paragraph is exempt from specification packaging, marking, and labeling requirements for transportation by rail freight, highway, or water except when for transportation by carrier by water, name of contents must be shown on outside container. Shipments for transportation by highway carriers are exempt also from Part 177 of this chapter, except § 177.817 and Part 397 of this title.

(1) Charcoal, activated.

(2) Charcoal made from pine wood and processed so that it is not liable to heat dangerously or cause fires in transportation.

(3) Charcoal briquettes made from wood charcoal with starch and water, or tar, for a binder, which have been screened and cooled to a temperature below 100° F., before being offered for transportation.

(4) Charcoal screenings made from "pinon" wood.

(5) Charcoal made from walnut shells, corn cobs, peach pits, and similar material, must be cooled and held not less than five days before shipment, and shipped in bags, barrels, or boxes. The five-day holding period shall not apply to charcoal briquettes screened and cooled to a temperature below 100° F. before being offered for transportation.

(6) Charcoal, lump, made by the old kiln or pit method by which long air exposure is provided before shipment.

(7) Charcoal, wood, except charcoal screenings, when packed in boxes or barrels.

(8) Charcoal, wood, when in bags in less-than-carload or less-than-truckload shipments of not exceeding 2,000 pounds.

(9) When offered for transportation by rail express, charcoal, except charcoal briquettes, must be packed in barrels, bags, or boxes, and must bear the yellow label.

(10) Charcoal screenings or ground, crushed, granulated, or pulverized char

coal, from pit or kiln burned charcoal, provided the screenings or the material from which the ground charcoal is made has been exposed to the air for not less than 5 days prior to shipment or grinding (see paragraphs (j) and (k) of this section).

(b) Charcoal made in round retorts must be transferred to air-tight metal cans for cooling, and must be kept in these cans for 24 hours or more. The charcoal after removal from these cans should be aired by spreading on a floor to a depth not exceeding 1 foot. This air exposure must last not less than 44 hours. Not less than 72 hours should elapse from the time the air exposure of the charcoal commences before a car loaded with it is closed for shipment, or before the lump charcoal is placed in paper bags.

(1) The charcoal during this airing period must be protected from the weather, and exposed to good circulation of air. When the charcoal is aired on the floor for only 24 hours and then placed in burlap bags, it must be kept in the bags 60 hours before shipment. If the charcoal is not aired on the floor for at least 24 hours, it must be kept in the burlap bags for at least 96 hours before loading for shipment.

(c) Charcoal made in ovens in slatted cars should be kept for two periods of 24 hours each in first and secondary airtight cooling chambers respectively. After removing the charcoal from the secondary coolers it must be exposed to good air circulation, but protected from the weather for a period of not less than 44 hours.

(1) Not less than 72 hours must elapse from the time the air exposure of the charcoal commences before a car loaded with it is closed for shipment, or before the lump charcoal is placed in paper bags.

(d) When fire occurs in charcoal during air exposure period, it should be extinguished with as little water as possible. Any charcoal wet in this way or otherwise must be dried, by again heating in the retorts or ovens, and cooled and aired in the usual way described in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section, or the charcoal must be set aside and allowed to dry for not less than 30 days before shipment.

(e) Charcoal, lump, must be dry and free from screenings and brands.

(1) Shipments must be loaded into tight box cars, tight container cars, or into tight closed-top hopper cars, except that lump charcoal made from soft wood

may be shipped in open or stock cars. (2) When a chute is used in loading the car, the chute must contain a properly constructed screen which must be kept clean. This screen shall be not less than 34 inch mesh. Forks with prongs not less than 1 inch apart must be used instead of shovels to handle the charcoal. The screenings which accumulate in the doorway of the car must be removed before loading the doorway. The car should be swept before loading, and a car which has contained lime must be thoroughly cleaned before loading with charcoal. The doors of the car must be closed tightly before the car is forwarded.

(3) Lump charcoal may be shipped in bags, barrels or boxes, or bulk in cars.

(4) Lump charcoal, dry and free from screenings and brands, may be shipped in bulk in motor vehicles. Vehicle must be swept before loading and if it contained lime it must be thoroughly cleaned.

(f) Charcoal screenings consist of small pieces of charcoal varying from about one-half inch in the maximum dimension to grains of dust. These screenings are more liable to produce fires than other forms of charcoal. Charcoal screenings from wet charcoal or wet screenings or screenings which have been wet must not be offered for shipment unless they have been dried for not less than 12 hours in a retort or oven, and then subjected to not less than 10 days airing and cooling before shipment.

(1) Charcoal screenings must be stored in a dry place, in loosely piled bags, freely exposed to the air for not less than 20 days after separation from the lump before shipment.

(2) Screenings from pine-wood charcoal must be stored as above described for not less than five days before shipment.

be

(3) Charcoal screenings must packed in cotton or jute bags of not greater than 4 bushels capacity.

(4) Charcoal screenings, except screenings made from "pinon" wood, must not be offered for transportation by rail express.

(g) Charcoal ground, crushed, granulated, or pulverized is prepared from either lump charcoal or screenings.

(1) Lump charcoal used for the preparation of ground, crushed, granulated, or pulverized charcoal must be stored subject to ventilation, and protected from the weather for not less than 20 days after its removal from the coolers

before milling; or the ground, crushed, granulated or pulverized charcoal must be stored in bags, subject to ventilation and protected from the weather for not less than 20 days before shipment. Lump charcoal made from pine wood must be stored as above described for not less than 5 days before milling. Ground, crushed, or granulated charcoal made by the "Stafford" process must be stored subject to ventilation and protected from the weather for not less than 7 days before shipment in lieu of the 20-days' storage otherwise prescribed.

(2) Charcoal screenings used for the preparation of ground, crushed, granulated, or pulverized charcoal must be stored in a dry place in loosely piled cotton or jute bags freely exposed to air for a period of not less than 20 days after separation from the lump charcoal, and before milling; or the ground, crushed, granulated, or pulverized charcoal must be stored in bags, subject to ventilation and protected from the weather for not less than 20 days before shipment. Charcoal screenings made from pine wood charcoal must be stored as above described not less than 5 days before milling.

(3) Ground, crushed, granulated, or pulverized charcoal must be packed in tight sift-proof wooden barrels or boxes containing not more than 4 bushels each; or in fiberboard boxes; or in unlined jute bags, or in strong unlined cotton bags, containing not more than 4 bushels each; or in paper-lined jute bags, or in paper bags, containing not more than 22 bushels each. Whenever practicable, all boxes, barrels, or bags, after filling, should be allowed to remain open and freely exposed to the air, and protected from the weather for not less than 24 hours before being closed. Ground, crushed, granulated, or pulverized charcoal made from pine-wood charcoal should be so stored for not less than 72 hours before the packages are closed.

(h) Charcoal, screenings or ground, crushed, granulated or pulverized charcoal, in bags, when loaded in cars for shipment by rail must be so loaded that the bags are laid horizontally in the car, and so piled that there will be spaces for efficient air circulation. These spaces must be not less than 4 inches wide. If the bags are not compactly filled and closed so as to avoid free space within, transverse wooden strips must be laid between the bags and extending the full width of the car; these strips should be

approximately 2 feet apart vertically and longitudinally. The bags must not be piled closer than 6 inches from the top of the car, and no more than 26,000 pounds of screenings, ground, granulated, crushed, or pulverized charcoal, shall be loaded in a 36-foot, 6-inch car, 27,000 pounds in a 37-foot, 6-inch car, 28,000 pounds in a 38-foot, 6-inch car, 29,000 pounds in a 39-foot, 6-inch car, 36,000 pounds in a 40-foot, 6-inch car, and 40,000 pounds in a 50-foot, 6-inch car. A tight car must be used, and any loose material must be swept up and removed from the doorway of the car before completing the loading. On recommendation of the Bureau of Explosives, other methods of loading shown to be at least equally efficient in securing the necessary ventilation will be authorized.

(i) See § 177.838 of this chapter for loading in motor vehicles.

(j) Charcoal burned in pits or kilns must be thoroughly cooled in the sealed kilns. After the kilns are opened, the charcoal must be allowed to stand in the open kiln or elsewhere exposed to the air for not less than 24 hours before loading in a freight car. Charcoal burned in kilns may be loaded in open cars or in box cars, but after loading in box cars, the cars must be allowed to stand not less than 24 hours with doors open before shipment.

(k) Screenings, or ground, crushed, granulated, or pulverized charcoal, from pit or kiln burned charcoal, are considered as non-hazardous, provided the screenings or the material from which the ground charcoal is made has been exposed to the air for not less than 5 days prior to shipment or grinding.

(1) Reburned charcoal must be cooled and exposed to good fresh-air circulation for not less than five days after removal from the reburning furnaces and before being shipped or ground to produce ground or pulverized charcoal. § 173.163 Chlorate of soda, chlorate of potash, and other chlorates.

(a) Chlorate of soda, chlorate of potash, and other chlorates must be packed in specification containers as follows:

(1) Spec. 6A, 6B, or 6C (§§ 178.97, 178.98, or 178.99 of this chapter). Metal barrels or drums.

(2) Spec. 17E, 17, 37A, or 37B §§ 178.116, 178.118, 178.131, or § 178.132 of this chapter). Metal drums (singletrip).

NOTE 1: Specs. 37A and 37B. Metal drums for export service, marked for an authorized

gross weight of 160 pounds, must be at least 24 gauge metal throughout.

(3) Spec. 21C, 22A, or 22B (§ 178.224, § 178.196 or § 178.197 of this chapter). Fiber or plywood drums with inside metal drums, spec. 2F (§ 178.25 of this chapter). Authorized net weight not over 225 pounds.

(4) Spec. 15A, 15B, 15C, 16A, or 19A (§§ 178.168, 178.169, 178.170, 178.185 or 178.190 of this chapter). Wooden boxes, or spec. 11A or 11B (§§ 178.160 or 178.161 of this chapter), wooden barrels or kegs, with tightly closed inside containers which must be of metal not over 10 pounds capacity each; or of glass not over 5 pounds each; or of fiber, spec. 2G (§ 178.26 of this chapter), not over 6 pounds capacity each.

(5) Spec. 12B (§ 178.205 of this chapter). Fiberboard boxes with inside metal cans not over 5 pounds capacity each, closed air tight and with not over 25 pounds of chlorate in the outside container.

(6) Chlorates wet with 10 percent or more of water are authorized for shipment in tank cars, spec. 103, 103-W, 111A60-F-1, or 111A60-W-1 (§§ 179.200, 179.201 of this chapter), when equally distributed therein.

(7) Chlorate of soda, dry, is authorized for shipment in aluminum or steel tank car tanks, steel cargo tank vehicles, tight sift-proof covered hopper cars, or tight sift-proof covered hopper type motor vehicles. Tank car tanks, cargo tank vehicles, hopper cars, and hopper type motor vehicles must be thoroughly cleaned before loading.

(8) Spec. 12A (§ 178.210 of this chapter). Fiberboard boxes with inside glass bottles not over 5 pounds capacity each. Not more than four bottles having capacity of 5 pounds each, shall be packed in one outside container. Shipper must have established that completed package meets test requirements prescribed by § 178.210-10 of this chapter. § 173.164 Chromic acid.

(a) Chromic acid must be packed in specification containers as follows:

(1) Spec. 6A, 6B, or 6C (§§ 178.97, 178.98, or 178.99 of this chapter). Metal barrels or drums.

(2) Spec. 17E, 17H, 37A, or 37B (§§ 178.116, 178.118, 178.131, or 178.132 of this chapter). Metal drums (single

1 Use of existing tank cars authorized, but new construction not authorized.

trip). Spec. 37A metal drums constructed of 22-gauge steel are authorized for a gross weight of 490 pounds when shipped in carload or truckload lots only.

(3) Spec. 15A or 15B (§§ 178.168 or 178.169 of this chapter). Wooden boxes, with inside glass bottles of not greater than 5 pounds capacity each, with closures securely fastened, each bottle individually packed in a tight metal container, and cushioned therein with incombustible mineral packing material; or with tightly closed metal inside containers, not over 10 pounds capacity each. (4) Spec. 12A (§ 178.210 of this chapter). Fiberboard boxes with inside glass bottles not over 5 pounds capacity each. Not more than four bottles having capacity of 5 pounds each, shall be packed in one outside container. Shipper must have established that completed package meets test requirements prescribed by § 178.210-10 of this chapter.

(5) Spec. 12B (§ 178.205 of this chapter). Fiberboard boxes with metal inside containers which must have closing device securely fastened by positive means (not friction), not over 1-gallon capacity each. Not more than 4 metal containers shall be packed in one outside box.

(6) Spec. 21C (§ 178.224 of this chapter). Fiber drums lined with a saran plastic material having a minimum thickness of 0.002 inch. Authorized net weight not over 115 pounds.

[29 F.R. 18709, Dec. 29, 1964, as amended by Order 71, 31 F.R. 9070, July 1, 1966]

§ 173.165 Coal, ground bituminous, sea coal, coal facings.

(a) Coal, ground bituminous, sea coal, coal facings, 90 percent of which will pass through a 100-mesh sieve, must be stored for at least six days after grinding, or if not so stored must be shipped in tight metal tank cars or in tight metal containers on container cars, or in permanently covered metal hopper cars, or in other tight metal containers, or in tight, metal-bodied, covered motor vehicles.

(b) Coal, ground bituminous, which has been dried by heating before grinding must be packed in hermetically sealed metal-lined wooden boxes or air-tight metal containers.

§ 173.166 Cobalt resinate, precipitated, calcium resinate, and calcium resinate fused.

(a) Cobalt resinate, precipitated, calcium resinate, and calcium resinate

fused, must be packed in specification containers as follows:

(1) Spec. 6A, 6B, or 6C (§§ 178.97, 178.98, or 178.99 of this chapter). Metal barrels or drums.

(2) Spec. 17E, 17H, 37A, or 37B (§§ 178.116, 178.118, 178.131, or § 178.132 of this chapter). Metal drums (singletrip).

(3) Spec. 14A or 15B (§§ 178.168 or 178.169 of this chapter). Wooden boxes with air-tight metal inside containers. § 173.167 Cotton waste, oily.

(a) Cotton waste, oily with more than 5 percent of vegetable or animal oil must be packed as follows:

(1) In hermetically sealed metal-lined wooden boxes or air-tight metal containers.

(b) Such cotton waste must not be offered for transportation by carriers by rail express.

§ 173.168 Lithium amide, powdered.

(a) Lithium amide, powdered, must be packed as follows:

(1) As prescribed in § 173,154 (a) (1), (2), (5), (8) and (11).

(2) Spec. 21C (§ 178.224 of this chapter). Fiber drums with inside metal drums, spec. 2F (§ 178.25 of this chapter). Authorized net weight not over 225 pounds.

§ 173.169 Fiber, burnt.

(a) Fiber, burnt, must be packed in hermetically sealed metal-lined wooden boxes or airtight metal containers.

(b) Such fiber must not be offered for transportation by rail express. § 173.170 Fibers or fabrics impregnated, saturated or coated.

(a) Fibers or fabrics impregnated, saturated or coated with animal or vegetable oils, or organic substances, manufactured articles or processed materials which are liable to spontaneous heating or combustion in transit must be packed in hermetically sealed metal-lined wooden boxes or airtight metal containers.

(b) Such materials, substances or articles must not be offered for transportation by rail express.

§ 173.171 Fish scrap or fish meal.

(a) Fish scrap or fish meal containing less than 6 or more than 12 percent moisture (does not include wet acidulated fish scrap with moisture 40 to 55 percent), or which has not been sufficiently cooled after manufacture, or is liable to spon