Falls or Rapids, a distance of 18 miles, there is a fair channel 4 to 5 feet deep. Enfield Rapids extends about 5 miles over a rocky and uneven bed, with a total fall of 32 feet. From the foot of Enfield Rapids to Hartford, a distance of 11 miles, the river's bed is broad and sandy, with a channel from 2 to 5 feet deep at low water. Several years ago the Connecticut River Company constructed a small canal around Enfield Rapids, through which boats of 3 feet draft and 80 feet length can pass. The several projects under which work has been done have been for dredging at Barbers Landing and for wing dams. In 1878 plans and estimates were submitted for construction of a canal 8 feet deep around Enfield Rapids. These estimates were revised in 1880. The estimated cost of the canal was $1,322,805. It was not considered advisable to commence construction with a less sum than $450,000, which has not yet been appropriated. Up to the close of the present fiscal year $100,000 has been appropriated for this part of the river, of which $91,059.70 has been expended. All the work done has been dredging, and the construction and repair of 7 wing dams. No work was done during the past fiscal year. The last appropriation for this part of the river was made in 1880, and the last work done was repair of wing dams in 1886. Except the fixing and defining of the channel by wing dams, the results of the improvement so far made have not been permanent. The funds on hand from previous appropriations are sufficient for such repairs and temporary improvement as may be needed during the ensuing fiscal year; no other work is at present contemplated. July 1, 1892, balance unexpended.. $8,940.30 8, 940. 30 Connecticut River below Hartford.-Between Hartford and Long Is land Sound, a distance of 50 miles by course of channel, the depth on the bars was formerly 5 feet at low water, the worst places being between Hartford and Middletown, a distance of 19 miles, and at Saybrook Bar at the mouth of the river. Dredging was carried on and small wing dams were constructed by private parties, and by a State corporation up to 1868, with no permanent benefit. In 1868 a project for improvement by the United States was submitted, under which a pile dike was built at Hartford, and annual dredging done on the bars below Hartford, until 1883. In 1873 a project for the construction of three jetties on Saybrook Bar was adopted. Two of these have been built; the third will prob ably not be required. In 1880 a project for permanent improvement of six of the worst bars between Hartford and Middletown was adopted; it contemplated building riprap wing dams, rectifying the banks, and protecting the caving banks by mattresses, at a total estimated cost of $330,487. It was, afterwards, found necessary to extend the project to include annual dredging at these and other bars, and the extension and repair of the Saybrook jetties. Two of the contemplated works have been built, a training wall at Hartford Bar, and a wing dam at Glastonbury Bar, their total cost be ing $40,715.34. In addition to the work included in the estimate of $330,487, the east and west jetties at Saybrook have been extended and repaired, and a channel 130 feet wide and 12 feet deep has been dredged between them, and from $5,000 to $10,000 has been annually expended in dredging to maintain a depth of 9 feet on the bars between Hartford and Saybrook. Experience has shown that on account of the frequency and height of freshets in this river, the permanent works projected in 1880 would be inadequate to maintain the desired depth, or even to materially reduce the amount of dredging annually required. Therefore, in December, 1887, a new project was adopted, confining future operations to the completion of the Saybrook jetties to a height of 5 feet above high water, with a top width of 6 feet, and widening the channel between the jetties to 400 feet, with a depth of 12 feet at mean low water, at an estimated cost of $80,000, with anuual dredging to maintain a 9-foot channel between Hartford and Long Island Sound at an average cost of $10,000 per year. In 1890 an extension of the project was adopted to provide for raising the Hartford Dike to about 15 feet above low-water level, at an additional estimated cost of $50,000. Up to July 1, 1892, riprap dikes had been built at Hartford and Glastonbury bars, two riprap jetties at Saybrook Bar, at the river's mouth, a channel 130 feet wide and 12 feet deep had been dredged through Saybrook Bar, and channels of 9 feet depth had been made, and, as far as practicable, maintained by annual dredging. The Hartford dike and jetties at Saybrook are in good condition, the jetties have secured the permanency of the entrance channel, and the dike has partly secured the channel at Hartford Bar; the Glastonbury Dike is mostly covered by sand. The channel at the entrance retains nearly full width and depth. During the fiscal year dredging was done to maintain the navigable channels in the river, and work is now in progress, removing the shoals which formed during the spring freshets. The appropriation of 1892 has been, and will be, applied wholly to annual maintenance of channels, and will not reduce the estimate for completion of permanent work. Dredging early in each year to restore the channels filled by spring freshets is imperatively necessary for the commerce of this river, and should be done whenever funds are available, in preference to the projected permanent improvements. Since this part of the project has been definitely adopted and put in practice, the river has been on the average in much better navigable condition that before. Future appropriations will be applied to the maintenance of the 9-foot channels, necessary for navigation of the river, to raising the Hartford Dike, and completing the Saybrook jetties, and to widening the channel at Saybrook Bar. July 1, 1893, amount covered by uncompleted contracts.. $2,284.89 15, 188. 01 1,552. 02 July 1, 1893, balance available.... Amount (estimated) required for completion of existing project... Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1895 Submitted in compliance with requirements of sections 2 of river and harbor acts of 1866 and 1867 and of sundry civil act of March 3, 1893. (See Appendix D 3.) 110,000.00 90,000. 00 4. Harbor of refuge at Duck Island Harbor, Connecticut.-This harbor is a broad bay on the north side of Long Island Sound, about midway between the harbors of New Haven and New London, a distance of 46 miles in the widest part of the Sound, where there is no sufficient harbor of refuge for general commerce. Duck Island Harbor is large enough for such use, but is naturally unprotected from storms from any southerly quarter. By order of Congress, examinations of this harbor were made in 1883 and 1886, and subsequently a project was adopted for making it a harbor of refuge by constructing three riprap breakwaters, the west one extending westerly from Duck Island, the middle one extending northeasterly from Duck Island, the east one extending southwesterly from Menunketesuck Point to the east limit of the harbor. The total length of these breakwaters was to be 5,880 feet and their estimated cost is $463,540. Work under this project was begun in May, 1891, and up to July 1, 1892, 946 linear feet of the west breakwater had been built, extending it westwardly from Duck Island to a depth of 15 feet at mean low water. At this length it affords a limited shelter from southeast and south storms. During the past fiscal year the work has been extended about 294 feet, making it 1,240 feet long, and under the existing contract it will be further extended to a total length of about 2,000 feet. The total amount appropriated for this improvement is $60,000. It is proposed to continue breakwater construction under future appropriations. July 1, 1893, amount covered by uncompleted contracts... $5, 252.39 28,314.96 4, 550. 22 July1, 1893, balance available. (Amount (estimated) required for completion of existing project.. Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1895 Submitted in compliance with requirements of sections 2 of river and harbor acts of 1866 and 1867 and of sundry civil act of March 3, 1893. (See Appendix D 4.) 403, 540.00 100, 000. 00 5. Clinton Harbor, Connecticut. This harbor is 10 miles west of the mouth of the Connecticut River. Its channel runs for nearly a mile inside of a beach, through which a breach was made about the year 1840, after which the channel shoaled in two places to about 4 feet depth where it had been 8 feet deep. The project for improvement adopted in 1882 provided for closing the breach, and, if that did not restore the channel depth, for dredging a channel 100 feet wide and 6 feet deep at mean low water through the shoals. The entire cost was estimated at $10,000. A riprap dike was built across the breach in 1883 and repaired in 1892. July 1, 1892, the dike was in good condition; no dredging had been done, and the channel had not deepened since 1882. During the past fiscal year a channel 6 feet deep at mean low water was dredged with 85 feet width through the inner bar and 75 feet width through the outer bar. This affords all the relief that the commerce of the harbor needs at present. In 1893 the project was modified to make the width sought 75 feet and the total cost for completion $8,500. This project is completed. No appropriation will be required for the ensuing year. July 1, 1892, balance unexpended.......... Amount appropriated by act approved July 13, 1892.. June 30, 1893, amount expended during fiscal year . July 1, 1893, balance unexpended........ (See Appendix D 5.) $1,582.75 2,000.00 3, 582.75 3, 338.97 243.78 6. New Haven Harbor, Connecticut.-The original available low-water depth up to the wharves in this harbor was about 9 feet. The first project for deepening the channel provided for making it 13 feet deep, which was done in 1871. It was widened at different times until 1878, when a project was adopted for dredging a channel 16 feet deep and not less than 400 feet wide. In 1882 a project was adopted for building a dike to extend out from Sandy Point, with an arm parallel to the channel and 3,200 feet long, in order to contract the channel and maintain 16 feet depth on Fort Hale Bar, when that depth should be obtained by dredging. Up to July 1, 1892, the shore arm and 2,089 feet of the channel arm of the Sandy Point dike had been built; a 16-foot channel from 400 to 700 feet wide had been made and maintained all the way up the harbor to Tomlinson's Bridge, except over the Fort Hale Bar, where the depth is but 13 feet. Commerce in this harbor has been much hampered by shoaling and by insufficient width in the upper part, where relief seemed to be more urgently needed than at Fort Hale Bar; therefore, during the past fiscal year dredging was done to widen the channel between Long Wharf and Tomlinson's Bridge, removing the shoals which had formed in the previous channel, making a depth of 16 feet at mean low water. The increased width was of immediate benefit to vessels going to or from the wharves, or waiting for berth to unload. Future appropriations will be applied to dredging and, if necessary, to further extension of the dike. July 1, 1892, balance unexpended......... Amount appropriated by act approved July 13, 1892. June 30, 1893, amount expended during fiscal year........... July 1, 1893, balance unexpended...................... Amount (estimated) required for completion of existing project.. Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1895 Submitted in compliance with requirements of sections 2 of river and harbor acts of 1866 and 1867 and of sundry civil act of March 3, 1893. (See Appendix D 6.) $718.40 15,000.00 15, 718. 40 15, 447.82 270.58 48,000.00 48, 000. 00 7. Breakwaters at New Haven, Conn.—In 1880 a project was adopted for making a harbor of refuge at the entrance of New Haven Harbor by the construction of two riprap breakwaters; the first to be 3,300 feet long, extending northeasterly from the light-house on Southwest Ledge to Quixes Ledge; the second to be 4,200 feet long, extending northwesterly from Luddington Rock, The estimated cost was $1,311,134. The river and harbor act of August 11, 1888, provided: And the Chief of Engineers may, if deemed necessary, relocate the western breakwater, and the Secretary of War is authorized, in his discretion, to expend any portion of said sum in commencing its construction. The New Haven Harbor commissioners proposed a plan for relocation of the western breakwater, which would largely increase the anchorage afforded under the original project, and which would cost about $5,000,000. There was no doubt of the desirability of increasing the anchorage ground, but the expenditure required by this plan was larger than the present demands of commerce seemed to warrant. A plan was suggested by the officer in charge for changing the location of the western breakwater to the southwest about 6,000 feet, and constructing a breakwater 5,000 feet long, which should start at a point 1,000 feet north 54 degrees east from Luddington Rock, and extend south 54 degrees west, crossing the rock; also for constructing a smaller breakwater from the east shore toward Quixes Ledge, to better protect the harbor from easterly storms, leaving an eastern entrance channel 800 feet wide and 13 feet deep. The cost of these works, in addition to the estimates of $1,311,134, would be about $840,000. Upon appropriation of $120,000 by the river and harbor act of 1890, the modifications of project above described were adopted. Further details concerning this plan, and a sketch showing location of proposed works, are printed in the Annual Report for 1889, part 1, pp. 60 and 61; also Appendix D 6, pp. 675-685. Up to July 1, 1892, the East Breakwater, 3,450 feet long, had been completed, affording considerable shelter to the east side of the harbor, and 1,980 linear feet of the Middle Breakwater overlying Luddington Rock had been built to partial height and width. During the past fiscal year the Middle Breakwater has been extended about 931 linear feet, and part has been built up to the required dimensions; under an existing contract it will be further extended to a total length of about 3,400 feet, and the whole work enlarged. At its present length the breakwater affords partial shelter to about one-half the west entrance to the harbor. Under future appropriations it is proposed to extend the break water. July 1, 1892, balance unexpended............ Amount appropriated by act approved July 13, 1892 June 30, 1893, amount expended during fiscal year.. July 1, 1893, balance unexpended July 1, 1893, outstanding liabilities $28,477.96 $52,628.91 120,000.00 172, 628.91 85,571. 73 87,057. 18 81, 692.85 July 1, 1893, amount covered by uncompleted contracts.... 3, 214.89 July 1, 1893, balance available.... Amount (estimated) required for completion of existing project.......... Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1895..... Submitted in compliance with requirements of section 2 of river and harbor acts of 1866 and 1867 and of sundry civil act of March 3, 1893. (See Appendix D 7.) 5, 364.33 1,541, 134. 00 500,000.00 8. Milford Harbor, Connecticut.-This harbor consists of a broad, open bay, from the head of which a small tidal stream extends threequarters of a mile inland to the upper wharf, Originally the depth on |