Mr. KAPLAN. Well

Mr. KENNEDY. The principals of the company arranged this?

Mr. KAPLAN. They arranged this, yes. They did this so that they, too, would then be able to put a union sticker on the jukebox which would be placed in this tavern or restaurant or wherever the location of it was, so that local 985 could not then come in and picket it as being nonunion.

This man came up from Ohio and formed the union.
Mr. KENNEDY. Who was that?

Mr. KAPLAN. That was a man named Edward Duck.

When he was working to form this union in Detroit, however, he used the name of Parker, and he testified then when he was interviewed by the police, and he has since told us, that he did this in order to protect his family, because he realized that Detroit was a rough town, and he didn't want any reprisals against his family.

He was able to get several operators who were unhappy about the control of the industry or of the business there by local 985, and the people affiliated with it, and I think at their second or third meeting, which was being held at the hotel at which Mr. Duck was staying, when they came into that meeting that evening they found several people who were very obviously hoodlums sitting around in the lobby. This just effectively coerced them from ever attending any further meetings.

Shortly thereafter, Mr. Duck left, and that effort folded.

Consequently, the Music Systems, Inc., apparently had not been successful in this attempt to break the blockade, and they then made efforts to contact Mr. Cammarata.

They did, and he came up to Detroit, and he met with Music Systems, Inc.

Mr. KENNEDY. What was Mr. Cammarata's background?

The CHAIRMAN. That is this witness?

Mr. KAPLAN. Yes, sir.

The CHAIRMAN. Áll right.

Mr. KENNEDY. What was Mr. Frank Cammarata's background? Mr. KAPLAN. Mr. Cammarata is connected both by family ties and a long record of association with most of the notorious hoodlums in the Detroit and Cleveland areas.

Mr. KENNEDY. How many times have you been arrested, Mr. Cammarata?

Mr. CAMMARATA. I refuse to answer on the ground it might incriminate myself under the fifth amendment.

The CHAIRMAN. Do you have his record there, Mr. Kaplan?

Mr. KAPLAN. Yes, sir; we do.

The CHAIRMAN. Put it in the record.

Mr. KENNEDY. He has been arrested approximately 18 times.

Mr. KAPLAN. Yes, sir.

Mr. KENNEDY. You were convicted in 1927 in Windsor, Ontario, for possession of weapons. You received a sentence of 3 years and served 30 months; is that correct?

Mr. CAMMARATA. I refuse to answer on the ground it might incriminate myself under the fifth amendment.

Mr. KENNEDY. Then on February 26, 1931, you were convicted of armed robbery and sent to Jackson State Prison in Michigan?

Mr. CAMMARATA. I refuse to answer on the ground it might incriminate myself.

Mr. KENNEDY. After that, you served about 5 years in the Jackson State Penitentiary; is that right?

Mr. CAMMARATA. I refuse to answer.

Mr. KENNEDY. And then the immigration authorities took action against you, found that you had entered the country illegally, and made arrangements for you to be deported; is that correct?

Mr. CAMMARATA. I refuse to answer. It might incriminate myself. The CHAIRMAN. Are you now under orders of deportation? Mr. CAMMARATA. I refuse to answer on the ground it might incriminate myself.

Mr. KENNEDY. You were paroled on December 16, 1936, by the Michigan authorities for the purpose of your being deported back to Sicily; is that right?

Mr. CAMMARATA. I refuse to answer.

Mr. KENNEDY. Isn't it correct, also, that in 1946 the immigration authorities discovered that shortly after your deportation

Mr. CAMMARATA. I refuse to answer.

Mr. KENNEDY. Wait a minute. That you, in approximately 1939, had smuggled yourself back in the country and had been hiding out in Ohio? Is that right?

Mr. CAMMARATA. I refuse to answer on the ground it might incriminate myself.

Mr. KENNEDY. So you were deported in 1936. You came back in 1939 illegally, the second time, and you were in Ohio for the period 1939 to 1946, when the immigration authorities found out about it; is that right?

Mr. CAMMARATA. I refuse to answer on the ground it might incriminate myself.

Mr. KENNEDY. Then the Michigan State authorities sought to have you returned to Michigan to be put back in the Jackson State Penitentiary, and the Immigration Bureau started action against you to deport you as an undesirable alien; is that right?

Mr. CAMMARATA. I refuse to answer on the ground it might incriminate myself.

The CHAIRMAN. May I inquire if that action of deportation has been in process ever since 1946?

Mr. KENNEDY. That is right.

Then it was discovered that while you were in the country from 1939 to 1946, you never filed an income tax return; is that right?

Mr. CAMMARATA. I refuse to answer on the ground it might incriminate myself.

Mr. KENNEDY. And for some unknown reason, you were never prosecuted for any tax violation from 1939 to 1946. Isn't that correct? Mr. CAMMARATA. I refuse to answer.

Mr. KENNEDY. And the Treasury Department allowed you to file your returns for those years subsequent to 1949; is that right?

Mr. CAMMARATA. I refuse to answer on the ground it might incriminate myself under the fifth.

Mr. KENNEDY. Can you tell us why you didn't file any tax returns for 8 years and no criminal action was taken against you for that? Mr. CAMMARATA. I refuse to answer.

Mr. KENNEDY. Then in 1949 and 1950, again it was found that you had filed faulty tax returns; was it not?

Mr. CAMMARATA. I refuse to answer on the ground it might incriminate myself under the fifth amendment.

Mr. KENNEDY. But no criminal action was taken against you at that time; is that right, on that, either?

Mr. CAMMARATA. I refuse to answer.

Mr. KENNEDY. In 1953, the Michigan State authorities were successful in bringing you back to Michigan and you were put back in the Jackson State Penitentiary; is that right?

Mr. CAMMARATA. I refuse to answer on the ground it might incriminate myself.

Mr. KENNEDY. Then you were released from the Jackson State Penitentiary a short time ago, and you have now agreed to leave the United States; is that correct?

Mr. CAMMARATA. I refuse to answer on the ground it might incriminate myself.

Mr. KENNEDY. The immigration authorities have notified you that they will take action against you unless you leave the United States, and you have agreed to leave the United States and expect to be out of the country by the 10th of December?

Mr. CAMMARATA. I refuse to answer on the ground it might incriminate myself.

Mr. KENNEDY. It is for that reason, Mr. Chairman, because he will be out of the country, that we found it necessary to have this witness at this time.

The CHAIRMAN. When is he due to leave?

Mr. KENNEDY. He is due to leave, I think, between the 8th and 10th of December, which is the first of next week.

It is my understanding that you are going down to Cuba; is that right, Mr. Cammarata?

Mr. CAMMARATA. I refuse to answer on the ground it might incriminate myself.

Mr. KENNEDY. You are going to set up a gambling establishment in Cuba and operate from there?

Mr. CAMMARATA. I refuse to answer on the ground it might incriminate myself under the fifth amendment.

Mr. KENNEDY. It was with this background information, Mr. Chairman, the information that was known about him, that this company sought his help and assistance in Detroit.

What year was it-1949?

Mr. KAPLAN. 1950.

Senator KENNEDY. I wonder if it would be possible for the committee to obtain from the Internal Revenue, from the Treasury Department, their explanation of the leniency shown to this witness, including all correspondence from all persons who might have been involved in an attempt to persuade the Treasury Department not to take action against him for failure to make an income tax report for those 8 years.

The CHAIRMAN. I think the committee should be able to get that information. The Chair was about to remark, though I was waiting until we had the record completed, that these instances-and this is not the only one, according to my observation-these instances where

the racketeers, gangsters, thugs, crooks, are able, for some unexplained reason to avoid prosecution for violation or ignoring of the revenue statutes of this country, the income tax law, have become a source of concern to the law-abiding citizens of this country.

What the explanation is, I don't know. But there are too many instances, such as this, where people definitely are in violation, people of shady character and reputation who are nothing more than just thugs and gangsters and crooks, who have been in the past able to escape prosecution, when other citizens of this country, who otherwise may be law abiding, have penalties imposed against them.

The committee will undertake, Senator Kennedy, to procure a full report and such documentary evidence as may be on file regarding this particular case.

Proceed.

Mr. KENNEDY. I might say, Mr. Chairman, I know Senator Williams of Delaware attempted at one time to try to get the report on this and has been unable to do so.

The CHAIRMAN. The Treasury Department, the Internal Revenue Bureau, and the Justice Department, possibly, should give an explanation to this committee, the Congress and the country as to why. a case like this does not receive more vigorous attention.

Proceed.

Mr. KENNEDY. Now, would you tell us what happened when the meeting up in Detroit occurred, and what Mr. Cammarata was supposed to accomplish?

Mr. KAPLAN. Yes, sir.

Mr. Cammarata attended a meeting with two of the officers of the company and also with an operator from the Detroit area who was closely associated and affiliated with the head of the Teamsters local in that area.

Mr. KENNEDY. Who was that?

Mr. KAPLAN. That was Vincent Meli, who is also known as Big Vince. There are two of them here. Vincent Meli is a nephew of Angelo Meli, and he has been in the jukebox business ever since he got out of the Army in 1946. This was the same time that Mr. Bufalino was also in the jukebox business as a employer, as, himself, a distributor of Wurlitzer machines.

Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. Bufalino is also married into the Meli family? Mr. KAPLAN. Mr. Bufalino married Vincent Meli's sister; yes, sir. Cammarata met with Vincent Meli on the premise of using systems and they conversed in Italian or Sicilian.

The essence of the conversation that was reported to us was that Mr. Cammarata had told Vincent that he should be nice to these people and not give them trouble. Soon thereafter the music systems appeared to be selling their boxes.

The CHAIRMAN. Do you have any information of a payoff in the transaction?

Mr. KAPLAN. No, sir; we do not at this time.

Mr. KENNEDY. Actually, because of the relationship that exists in this kind of an operation, it would not be necessary for a payment of money, necessarily, would it?

Mr. KAPLAN. Well, not between Frank and Vincent. There might necessarily have been a payment between music systems and Frank.

Mr. KENNEDY. But as far as Frank Cammarata and Vincent Meli were concerned, a payment would not be necessary?

Mr. KAPLAN. I would think clearly not, sir.

Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. Kaplan, Angelo Meli, is the elder statesman of the underworld in Detroit; is he not?

Mr. KAPLAN. Well, he is certainly among the very top few; yes, sir. Mr. KENNEDY. Then these other individuals-Vincent Meli, of course, is related to him, and then Mr. William Bufalino, the head of the Teamster local that was causing this difficulty, was married to his niece?

Mr. KAPLAN. Yes, sir.

Mr. KENNEDY. And Mr. Frank Cammarata was related-you are related, are you not, Mr. Cammarata, to the Licavolis? Isn't your wife Grace Licavoli? Is that correct?

Mr. CAMMARATA. I refuse to answer.

The CHAIRMAN. Why?

Mr. CAMMARATA. On the ground it might incriminate myself under the fifth amendment.

The CHAIRMAN. Do you mean to admit the name of the girl you married might tend to incriminate you? Is that your admission? Wait a minute. Speak up.

Mr. CAMMARATA. I refuse to answer on the ground it might incriminate myself.

The CHAIRMAN. Do you honestly believe that if you gave the name of the girl you married, a truthful answer

Mr. CAMMARATA. I refuse.

The CHAIRMAN. Wait a minute-that a truthful answer might tend to incriminate you?

Mr. CAMMARATA. I refuse to answer.

The CHAIRMAN. On what grounds?

Mr. CAMMARATA. It might incriminate myself under the fifth amendment.

The CHAIRMAN. If I thought you were not going to be deported promptly, I would make a record here that might cause a little attention. I think it is better to get you out of the country, than to keep you here, if they can do that.

Proceed.

Mr. KENNEDY. Grace Licavoli's brother is Pete Licavoli, who is from Detroit and, together with Angelo Meli, were the two top gangsters in Detroit.

Pete Licavoli has been charged three times with armed robbery, twice with kidnaping, and three times with murder. Pete Licavoli's brother, Mr. Cammarata's other brother-in-law, is now serving a life sentence in Ohio; is he not, Mr. Kaplan? That is Thomas Licavoli? Mr. KAPLAN. Yes.

Mr. KENNEDY. He is now serving a life sentence in Ohio for what charge?

Mr. KAPLAN. Murder.

Mr. KENNEDY. Isn't that correct, Mr. Cammarata?

Mr. CAMMARATA. I refuse to answer on the ground it might incriminate myself.

Mr. KAPLAN. I think it might be helpful to point out that when Mr. Cammarata appeared in Youngstown, the police immediately recog